Pembiayaan Mikro Dalam Kalangan Usahawan Asnaf Di Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS)

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembiayaan mikro dalam kalangan usahawan asnaf di Lembaga Zakat Selangor. Pertumbuhan usahawan asnaf semakin memberangsangkan namun kesukaran mendapatkan pembiayaan modal tambahan daripada institusi kewangan di Malaysia merupakan kekangan bagi mereka. Pembiayaan konvensional yang sedia ada berunsurkan ribaserta dikenakan cagaran atau jaminan. Oleh itu, kajian ini mempunyai tiga objektif. Pertama, mengenal pasti pandangan cendekiawan zakat Malaysia terhadap pembiayaan mikro dalam kalangan usahawan asnaf di Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS). Kedua, menganalisis kesediaan usahawan asnaf dan Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) terhadap agihan zakat dalam bentuk pembiayaan mikro

Pandangan Cendekiawan Zakat di Malaysia terhadap Pembiayaan Mikro Kredit daripada Dana Zakat

Kertas kerja ini bertujuan mengenal pasti dan menganalisis pandangan cendekiawan zakat di Malaysia terhadap pembiayaan mikro kredit daripada dana zakat. Persoalannya, apakah akan dibenarkan penggunaan dana zakat untuk pembiayaan mikro kepada golongan usahawan asnaf kerana zakat adalah pindah milik dana zakat kepada asnaf? Apatah lagi ia dilakukan dalam bentuk qardul hasan dan mudarabah. Dapatan menggunakan kaedah temu mendalam dan analisis kandungan yang merangkumi latar belakang responden dan pandangan serta alasan. Dapatan analisis juga mempamerkan responden menerima kaedah agihan dana zakat dengan cara pembiayaan mikro kepada usahawan asnaf. Ini bagi memastikan perniagaan usahawan asnaf tidak terhenti setakat itu sahaja, bahkan boleh berkembang sehingga mampu mereka mengeluarkan diri daripada asnaf dan menjadi pengeluar zakat

Kegemilangan Islam Melaka di bawah dua generasi pemerintah (1445-1477)

Melaka muncul sebagai pusat perdagangan antarabangsa pada abad ke-15, pelabuhan terulung ini menjadi saksi kepada kehadiran pelbagai bangsa dari seantero dunia yang datang dengan tujuan untuk berdagang dan menjual barangan yang dibawa khusus dari negera masing-masing. Pertembungan budaya, agama, bahasa dan adat telah membawa kepada pertumbuhan budaya dan adat Melayu selain memperkayakan pebendaharaan bahasa Melayu yang menjadi bahasa perantaraan masyarakat pedagang di pelabuhan Melaka. Kehadiran ulama berbangsa Arab ke Melaka telah mebawa kepada perkembangan agama Islam bahkan kedatangan mereka telah memberi kebaikan apabila masyarakat di Melaka majoritinya memeluk agama Islam mengikut saranan raja yang memerintah pada ketika itu. Sejarah di Alam Melayu membuktikan Melaka sebagai pusat perkembangan Islam yang terulung di Asia Tenggara. Peranan Melaka sebagai lokasi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan Islam telah menjadi bukti bahawa Islam adalah agama anutan yang utama bagi masyarakat Melayu yang menetap di Kepulauan Melayu pada abad ke 15. Usaha dan campur tangan pemerintah telah menjadikan Melaka semakin maju dalam aktiviti perkembangan ilmu dan penyebaran Islam. Kajian ini akan melihat lebih lanjut usaha dan peranan dua pemerintah ulung yang memerintah pada era kegemilangan Melaka dalam meletakan panji Islam sebagai paksi pemerintahan. Kajian ini menggunakan metod kualitatif dan analisis berbentuk deskriptif bagi mendapatkan jawapan kepada persoalan yang dibangkitkan. Hasil daripada kajian ini mendapati, dua orang sultan iaitu Sultan Muzaffar Shah (1445-1459) dan Sultan Mansur Shah (1459-1477) yang bertanggungjawab memastikan Islam terus tersebar di keseluruhan alam Melayu. Selain itu, antara faktor yang menggalakan pertumbuhan Islam di Melaka adalah kerana kestabilan politik, perkembangan ilmu yang pesat dan pengukuhan undang-undang Islam

Phytochemicals, Heavy Metals, and Antioxidant Vitamins Assessment in Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) Cultivated Near Cement Company Firm of Sokoto, Nigeria

Even at low concentrations, it is well known that vegetables can readily absorb metals from contaminated soil or deposits on air-exposed plant parts. These metals then build up at high levels in the edible parts of the vegetables. Vegetables are a significant part of the human diet; hence heavy metal poisoning of these food items cannot be understated.  As a result, this study sought to quantify the amounts of phytochemicals, heavy metals, and antioxidant vitamins in tomatoes grown close to the Cement Company of Northern Nigeria (Sokoto Cement). Phytochemicals, heavy metals, and antioxidant vitamins were determined using standard analytical procedures. The study confirmed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids tannins, steroids, and volatile oils. The heavy metals detected (Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr) were found below the WHO safe limits guidelines apart from Cr which exceed WHO safe limit guidelines. Substantial amounts of vitamin A, C and E were also observed. It was concluded that tomatoes cultivated in Kalambaina area are safe for consumption in terms of heavy metals

Position Control Mathematical Modelling and Operational Evaluation of Tele-operated Electro-hydraulic Actuator (T-EHA)

Abstract. This study deals with a master-slave system for a tele-operated electro-hydraulic actuator (T-EHA) that focuses on a hydraulic system to remotely control a mini excavator. Tele-operation using such system is useful for tele-operation support of heavy construction and road restoration, typically in post-disaster areas. This paper presents the current development of position control electro-hydraulic actuator for such remote tele-operation application. A 2.4 GHz radio-controlled transmitter and receiver unit, which is also known as the master, has been utilized as the remote controller for an electro-hydraulic actuator. The electro-hydraulic actuator, which serves as the slave has been fabricated by using a tie-rod cylinder, and coupled with a 24 VDC electro-hydraulic valve. Position control mathematical modelling and operational evaluation have been studied with regard to the tele-operated electro-hydraulic actuator

Factors associated with acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among University health sciences students in Northwest Nigeria

Students of the health sciences are the future frontliners to fight pandemics. The students’ participation in COVID-19 response varies across countries and are mostly for educational purposes. Understanding the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptability is necessary for a successful vaccination program. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health sciences students in Northwest Nigeria. The study was an online self-administered cross-sectional study involving a survey among students of health sciences in some selected universities in Northwest Nigeria. The survey collected pertinent data from the students, including socio-demographic characteristics, risk perception for COVID-19, and willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. A total of 440 responses with a median (interquartile range) age of 23 (4.0) years were included in the study. The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was 40.0%. Factors that independently predict acceptance of the vaccine were age of 25 years and above (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, 2.72; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.44–5.16; p = 0.002), instructions from heads of institutions (aOR, 11.71; 95% CI, 5.91–23.20; p<0.001), trust in the government (aOR, 20.52; 95% CI, 8.18–51.51; p<0.001) and willingness to pay for the vaccine (aOR, 7.92; 95% CI, 2.63–23.85; p<0.001). The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among students of health sciences was low. Older age, mandate by heads of the institution, trust in the government and readiness to pay for the vaccine were associated with acceptance of the vaccine. Therefore, stakeholders should prioritize strategies that would maximize the vaccination uptake

FBXW7 influences murine intestinal homeostasis and cancer, targeting Notch, Jun, and DEK for degradation

The E3 ubiquitin ligase component FBXW7 modulates homeostasis and inhibits tumorigenesis in the murine intestine

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Measuring routine childhood vaccination coverage in 204 countries and territories, 1980-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020, Release 1

Background Measuring routine childhood vaccination is crucial to inform global vaccine policies and programme implementation, and to track progress towards targets set by the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) and Immunization Agenda 2030. Robust estimates of routine vaccine coverage are needed to identify past successes and persistent vulnerabilities. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020, Release 1, we did a systematic analysis of global, regional, and national vaccine coverage trends using a statistical framework, by vaccine and over time. Methods For this analysis we collated 55 326 country-specific, cohort-specific, year-specific, vaccine-specific, and dosespecific observations of routine childhood vaccination coverage between 1980 and 2019. Using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, we produced location-specific and year-specific estimates of 11 routine childhood vaccine coverage indicators for 204 countries and territories from 1980 to 2019, adjusting for biases in countryreported data and reflecting reported stockouts and supply disruptions. We analysed global and regional trends in coverage and numbers of zero-dose children (defined as those who never received a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis [DTP] vaccine dose), progress towards GVAP targets, and the relationship between vaccine coverage and sociodemographic development. Findings By 2019, global coverage of third-dose DTP (DTP3; 81.6% [95% uncertainty interval 80.4-82 .7]) more than doubled from levels estimated in 1980 (39.9% [37.5-42.1]), as did global coverage of the first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1; from 38.5% [35.4-41.3] in 1980 to 83.6% [82.3-84.8] in 2019). Third- dose polio vaccine (Pol3) coverage also increased, from 42.6% (41.4-44.1) in 1980 to 79.8% (78.4-81.1) in 2019, and global coverage of newer vaccines increased rapidly between 2000 and 2019. The global number of zero-dose children fell by nearly 75% between 1980 and 2019, from 56.8 million (52.6-60. 9) to 14.5 million (13.4-15.9). However, over the past decade, global vaccine coverage broadly plateaued; 94 countries and territories recorded decreasing DTP3 coverage since 2010. Only 11 countries and territories were estimated to have reached the national GVAP target of at least 90% coverage for all assessed vaccines in 2019. Interpretation After achieving large gains in childhood vaccine coverage worldwide, in much of the world this progress was stalled or reversed from 2010 to 2019. These findings underscore the importance of revisiting routine immunisation strategies and programmatic approaches, recentring service delivery around equity and underserved populations. Strengthening vaccine data and monitoring systems is crucial to these pursuits, now and through to 2030, to ensure that all children have access to, and can benefit from, lifesaving vaccines. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Correction:Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Peer reviewe