4,289 research outputs found
Exploring the Universe with Very High Energy Neutrinos
With the discovery of a high-energy neutrino flux in the 0.1 PeV to PeV range
from beyond the Earth's atmosphere with the IceCube detector, neutrino
astronomy has achieved a major breakthrough in the exploration of the
high-energy universe. One of the main goals is the identification and
investigation of the still mysterious sources of the cosmic rays which are
observed at Earth with energies up to several PeV. In addition to being
smoking-gun evidence for the presence of cosmic rays in a specific object,
neutrinos escape even dense environments and can reach us from distant places
in the universe, thereby providing us with a unique tool to explore cosmic
accelerators. This article summarizes our knowledge about the observed
astrophysical neutrino flux and current status of the search for individual
cosmic neutrino sources. At the end, it gives an overview of plans for future
neutrino telescope projects.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figures, to appear in the proceedings of ICHEP 201
IceCube: Neutrino Messages from GRBs
The mystery of where and how Nature accelerates the cosmic rays is still
unresolved a century after their discovery. Gamma ray bursts (GRBs) have been
proposed as one of the more plausible sources of extragalactic cosmic rays. A
positive observation of neutrinos in coincidence with a GRB would identify
these objects as sources of the highest-energy cosmic rays and provide
invaluable information about the processes occurring inside these phenomena.
Calculations show that a kilometer-scale neutrino telescope is necessary for
this task. The idea of such a detector is now becoming reality as IceCube at
the South Pole nears completion. The contribution reviews the status of the
construction and operation of IceCube and summarize the results from searches
for neutrinos from GRBs and similar phenomena with IceCube and its predecessor,
AMANDA. At the end, an outline of future plans and perspectives for IceCube is
given.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, proceedings for workshop on "Deciphering the
Ancient Universe with Gamma-Ray Bursts", Kyoto, April 2010, to be published
by AI
Lyapunov Exponents of Rank 2-Variations of Hodge Structures and Modular Embeddings
If the monodromy representation of a VHS over a hyperbolic curve stabilizes a
rank two subspace, there is a single non-negative Lyapunov exponent associated
with it. We derive an explicit formula using only the representation in the
case when the monodromy is discrete.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures; accepted version to be published in Ann. Inst.
Fourier (Grenoble
High-energy neutrinos from Galactic sources
Even 100 years after the discovery of cosmic rays their origin remains a
mystery. In recent years, TeV gamma-ray detectors have discovered and
investigated many Galactic sources where particles are accelerated up to
energies of 100 TeV. However, it has not been possible up to now to identify
these sites unambiguously as sources of hadronic acceleration. The observation
of cosmic high-energy neutrinos from these or other sources will be a
smoking-gun evidence for the sites of the acceleration of cosmic rays.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures; Proceedings of the XIV LCEPP conference (2009),
Mosco
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