Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Acalypha Indica dan Tanaman Imperata Cylindrica terhadap Kadar Glukosa Mencit (Mus Musculus L) Hiperglikemia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak Acalypha indica dan tanaman Imperata cylindrica terhadap kadar glukosa mencit (Mus musculus L) hiperglikemia. Penelitian ini menggunakan mencit jantan strain ICR sebanyak 40 ekor yang dibagi dalam 8 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok mencit normal, kelompok mencit hiperglikemia, dan kelompok mencit dengan pemberian ekstrak methanol Acalypha indica dan tanaman Imperata cylindrical pada masing-masing dosis 150 dan 250 mg/Kg bb. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun Acalypha indicadan tanaman Imperata cylindrica menunjukkan penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit sebesar 47-49%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah adanya efektivitas ekstrak methanol Acalypha indica dan tanaman Imperata cylindrical berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada mencit hiperglikemia

The Investigation of Polarization Diversity in MIMO System at 2.4 GHz

This paper describes the concept of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system using polarization diversity that can enhance the channel capacity and increased the data output performance of the system. The microstrip antenna array is designed, fabricated and measured at the desired operating frequency for this measurement. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software is used to design and simulate the microstrip antenna array. The simulation and measurement data results are compared and discussed. The fabricated microstrip antenna is used to develop the Radio Frequency (RF) MIMO test bed system. The system measurement has been conducted in Microwave Laboratory at Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University Technical Malaysia Melaka at the operating frequency of 2.4 GHz. The spatial diversity and polarization diversity are applied in measurement campaign to investigate the performance of the wireless MIMO channel. The data obtained from the measurement is processed using MATLAB software in order to calculate the MIMO channel capacity. The analysis has been focused on the effect of the MIMO channel capacity due to the proposed measurement setup configurations. The channel capacity is increased from 0.03 b/s/Hz to 0.09 b/s/Hz when polarization diversity is applied at both transmitter and receive

Assessing respiratory inflammation among children living near to non-sanitary landfill using interleukin-6 (IL-6)

Aims: To determine the respiratory inflammation among children living near to non-sanitary municipal solid waste landfill area and the concentration of Interleukin-6 cytokine. Study Design: A cross-sectional comparative study design. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Pajam, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, between September 2013 and April 2014. Methodology: A total of 72 children were randomly selected based on the inclusive and exclusive criteria. A set of pre-tested questionnaires were utilized to obtain socio-demographic information and to predict health risk faced by the respondents. Saliva samples of the respondents were collected and analyzed using Human Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Platinum ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit. Results: The PM10 concentration for the exposed group was higher than the unexposed group with the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 152.31±31.07 μg/m3 and 87.77±30.77 μg/m3 respectively. The mean ± SD of the Interleukin-6 for the exposed group was slightly higher than the unexposed group with the mean ± SD of 6.34±1.95 pg/ml and 5.77±1.08 pg/ml respectively. The most common symptoms reported was sneezing and sore throat. There was no significant correlation between PM10 concentration and IL-6 in this study. Conclusion: The findings exhibit that there was no association between Interleukin-6 and PM10 concentration of the respondent. However, there are likely potential adverse health impacts arising from particulates exposure among exposed children in this study. Respondents are advised to have a medical check-up in order to determine respiratory health status thus elimination the risks of acquiring respiratory inflammation

RANCANG BANGUN DAN ANALISA ALAT PENGUPAS KOPI

Pengupasan kulit kopi sangat berpengaruh pada kualitas kopi yang dihasilkan. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengupasan kopi tradisional adalah waktu dan energi yang digunakan terlalu besar. Alat pengupas kopi berfungsi untuk mengupas atau memisahkan kulit kopi dari biji kopi dan diharapkan bisa membantu petani dalam mengupas hasil dengan maksimal dan efektif. Alat pengupas kopi berkapasitas 200 kg/jam. Hasil analisa ekonomi teknik alat pengupas kopi didapat biaya tetap Rp. 1.179.630/tahun, biaya tidak tetap Rp. 16.069/jam, biaya pokok Rp. 82/kg dan Break Event Point (BEP) 1.567 kg/tahun

Asymmetric patch element reflectarray with dual linear and dual circular polarization

A reflectarray antenna consisting of asymmetrical patch elements is proposed, which is capable of producing dual linear and dual circular polarized operation at 26 GHz frequency. The main purpose of this design is to support four different polarizations using the same patch element. The proposed reflectarray has a single layer configuration with a linearly polarized feed and circular ring slots in the ground plane. Asymmetric patch element is designed from a square patch element by tilting its one vertical side to some optimized inclination. A wide reflection phase range of 600° is obtained with the asymmetric patch element during unit cell measurements. A 332 element circular aperture reflectarray is designed with the proposed configuration and experimentally validated with a linearly polarized prime feed configuration. Two different orientations of mirror and non-mirror asymmetric patch elements on the surface of reflectarray are analyzed. Dual linear polarization is obtained with the mirror orientation of the asymmetric patch elements on the surface of reflectarray. Alternatively, asymmetric patch elements without mirror orientation are demonstrated to produce dual circular polarization with the same linearly polarized feed. A maximum measured gain of 24.4 dB and 26.1 dB is achieved for dual linear and dual circular polarization, respectively. Their respective measured efficiencies are 28% and 41.3%, which are supported by a maximum −3 dB gain bandwidth of 13.8% and 11.5%. The circular polarization operation of the reflectarray is also supported by a 6 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 9.2%. The proposed asymmetric patch reflectarray antenna with polarization diversity, wide bandwidth and high gain is suitable to be used in many high frequency applications of 5G communication

Linearly polarized millimeter wave reflectarray with mutual coupling optimization

This work provides the design and analysis of a single layer, linearly polarized millimeter wave reflectarray antenna with mutual coupling optimization. Detailed analysis was carried out at 26 GHz design frequency usingthe simulations of the reflectarray unit cells as well as the periodic reflectarray antenna. The simulated results were verified by the scattering parameter and far-field measurements of the unit cell and periodic arrays, respectively. A close agreement between the simulated and measured results was observed in all the cases. Apart from the unit cells and reflectarray, the waveguide and horn antenna were also fabricated to be used in the measurements. The measured scattering parameter results of the proposed circular ring unit cells provided a maximum reflection loss of 2.8 dB with phase errors below 10°. On the other hand, the measured far-field results of the 20 × 20 reflectarray antenna provided a maximum gain of 26.45 dB with a maximum 3 dB beam width of 12° and 1 dB gain drop bandwidth of 13.1%. The performance demonstrated by the proposed reflectarray antenna makes it a potential candidate to be used in modern-day applications such as 5th Generation (5G) and 6th Generation (6G) communication systems

Anaplastic thyroid cancer: outcomes of trimodal therapy

BACKROUND: The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of trimodal therapy [surgery, chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT)] in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) treated with curative intent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of patients with ATC treated at a tertiary referral centre between January 2009 and June 2020. Data were collected regarding demographics, histology, staging, treatment and outcomes. RESULTS: Seven patients (4 female) were identified. Median age was 58 years (range 52–83 years). All patients received EBRT with concurrent doxorubicin. Six patients received surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and one underwent neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgery. Median radiological tumour size was 50mm (range 40–90 mm). Six patients had gross extrathyroidal extension and three had N1b disease. Prescribed radiotherapy schedules were 46.4 Gy in 29 bidaily fractions (n = 2, treated 2010), 60 Gy in 30 daily fractions (n = 2), 66Gy in 30 fractions (n = 2) and 70 Gy in 35 fractions (n = 1; patient received neoadjuvant CRT). CRT was discontinued early for two patients due to toxicities. At median follow up of 5.8 months, 42.9% (3/7) patients were alive and disease-free. Only one patient developed a local failure. Three patients died from distant metastases without locoregional recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Despite poor prognosis of ATC, selected patients with operable tumours may achieve high locoregional control rates with trimodal therapy, with possibility of long-term survival in select cases

Analysis of congenital disorder of glycosylation-Id in a yeast model system shows diverse site-specific under-glycosylation of glycoproteins

Asparagine-linked glycosylation is a common post translational modification of proteins in eukaryotes. Mutations in the human ALG3 gene cause changed levels and altered glycan structures on mature glycoproteins and are the cause of a severe congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG-Id). Diverse glycoproteins are also under-glycosylated in Saccharomyces cerevisae alg3 mutants. Here we analyzed site-specific glycosylation occupancy in this yeast model system using peptide-N-glycosidase F to label glycosylation sites with an asparagine-aspartate conversion that creates a new endoproteinase AspN cleavage site, followed by proteolytic digestion, and detection of peptides and glycopeptides by LC-ESI-MS/MS. We used this analytical method to identify and measure site specific glycosylation occupancy in alg3 mutant and wild type yeast strains. We found decreased site specific N-glycosylation occupancy in the alg3 knockout strain preferentially at Asn-Xaa-Ser sequences located in secondary structural elements, features previously associated with poor glycosylation efficiency. Furthermore, we identified 26 previously experimentally unverified glycosylation sites. Our results provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of disease in CDG-Id, and our methodology will be useful in site specific glycosylation analysis in many model systems and clinical applications

Structural basis for receptor activity-modifying protein-dependent selective peptide recognition by a G protein-coupled receptor

Association of receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP1-3) with the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) enables selective recognition of the peptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM) that have diverse functions in the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. How peptides selectively bind GPCR:RAMP complexes is unknown. We report crystal structures of CGRP analog-bound CLR:RAMP1 and AM-bound CLR:RAMP2 extracellular domain heterodimers at 2.5 and 1.8 Å resolutions, respectively. The peptides similarly occupy a shared binding site on CLR with conformations characterized by a β-turn structure near their C termini rather than the α-helical structure common to peptides that bind related GPCRs. The RAMPs augment the binding site with distinct contacts to the variable C-terminal peptide residues and elicit subtly different CLR conformations. The structures and accompanying pharmacology data reveal how a class of accessory membrane proteins modulate ligand binding of a GPCR and may inform drug development targeting CLR:RAMP complexes

Urban coral reefs: Degradation and resilience of hard coral assemblages in coastal cities of East and Southeast Asia

© 2018 The Author(s) Given predicted increases in urbanization in tropical and subtropical regions, understanding the processes shaping urban coral reefs may be essential for anticipating future conservation challenges. We used a case study approach to identify unifying patterns of urban coral reefs and clarify the effects of urbanization on hard coral assemblages. Data were compiled from 11 cities throughout East and Southeast Asia, with particular focus on Singapore, Jakarta, Hong Kong, and Naha (Okinawa). Our review highlights several key characteristics of urban coral reefs, including “reef compression” (a decline in bathymetric range with increasing turbidity and decreasing water clarity over time and relative to shore), dominance by domed coral growth forms and low reef complexity, variable city-specific inshore-offshore gradients, early declines in coral cover with recent fluctuating periods of acute impacts and rapid recovery, and colonization of urban infrastructure by hard corals. We present hypotheses for urban reef community dynamics and discuss potential of ecological engineering for corals in urban areas