Об'єкти управління підприємством як соціально-економічною системою

Проведено аналіз сутності, функцій, видів підприємств як економічної категорії, систематизовано об’єкти дослідження за теоріями підприємств та визначено, що ними є процес управління потенціалом підприємства за формами організації бізнесу та технологією партнерських взаємовідносин

Проектирование системы электроснабжения завода по ремонту погружных установок для добычи нефти

Объектом исследования является цех производства кабельной продукции завода по ремонту погружных установок для добычи нефти. Цель работы – проектирование системы электроснабжения завода по ремонту погружных установок для добычи нефти. В процессе исследования производилось определение расчетных электрических нагрузок цехов и предприятия в целом на основе исходных данных, выбор и проверка высоковольтного и низковольтного оборудования, оценка экономической эффективности проекта и охрана труда. Основные конструктивные, технологические и технико-эксплуатационные характеристики: предприятие включает в себя 12 цехов, потребители относятся к II и III категориям по надежности электроснабжения. Производственная среда помещений характеризуется как нормальная.The subject of research is the workshop production of cable products of a plant for the repair of submersible equipment for oil extraction. The aim of work is the design of power supply system of a plant for the repair of submersible equipment for oil extraction. In the process of research was carried out determination of the estimated electric loads of production shops and business in general, based on the original data, selection and verification of high-voltage and low-voltage equipment, evaluation of economic efficiency and labor protection. The basic constructive, technological and technical-operational characteristics: a plant has 12 production shops, consumers belong to the II and III category of power supply reliability. Production environment of the premises is normal

Fracture sealing in limestones, a microstructural and mineralogical study

Fractures significantly enhance the flow rate in rocks, if fracture density is high (Taylor 1999, Cox et al. 2001). This leads to rapid flux along a hydraulic gradient from high to low pressure reservoirs, and is represented in rocks as veins. Veins are precipitates from supersaturated fluid, and are formed by a change in pressure, temperature or geochemistry. The solubility of vein forming minerals such as quartz, calcite or halite is generally low and thus large (and sometimes unreasonable) fluid volumes are required to account for the precipitated mass. Rapid ascent of solution may explain the high supersaturation needed to seal fractures, either by fluid flow along deep reaching faults due to seismic ruptures, or mobile hydrofractures driven by pressure gradients in fluid filled fractured at deeper crustal sections (Bons 2001, Miller 2002). The vein microstructure is a unique tool to unravel the fracture sealing process. The most indicative microstructures are fractured minerals, which were sealed by a fluid of different composition. The repeated presence of fluid and solid host rock inclusions in fibrous, stretched crystal type veins (minerals which extend across the vein and into the host rock) also indicate repeated fracture-sealing processes (Ramsay 1980), although their presence is not a sufficient criteria (Hilgers 2005). In this study, we outline the different fault sealing processes associated in a still seismic zone. The faults are located in Carboniferous limestones, and thus present an analogue for fault sealing processes in hydrocarbon reservoirs and an in-depth study of seismogenic faults.conferenc

Мотивация и стимулирование трудовой деятельности: настоящее и будущее

Актуальность исследования данной темы связана, прежде всего, с тем, что одним из самых важных управленческих процессов является оценка современных методов мотивации и стимулирования труда. А в наше время российские руководители не знакомы с теорией оценки современных методов мотивации и стимулирования труда. Ведь успех дела, да и само существование фирмы во многом зависит от эффективности оценки современных методов мотивации и стимулирования труда. Таким образом, очень важно, чтобы принимаемые решения были грамотными и обоснованными. Цель работы: анализ методов мотивации и стимулирования трудовой деятельности. Методы: анализа, синтеза, классификации, аналогии. Результаты: исследованы методы мотивации и стимулирования труда. Самой очевидной рекомендацией для специалистов по управлению человеческими ресурсами является разработка такой системы мотивации и стимулирования труда, которая ни в коем случае не ориентирована на так называемый дешевый труд. Система мотивации и стимулирования трудовой деятельности должна быть ориентирована на высокий уровень вознаграждения за интенсивный и эффективный труд. Причем в ней должны комбинироваться как материальные, так и нематериальные методы и инструменты с учетом всех их плюсов и минусов. К разработке такой системы нужно подходить осознанно, все элементы должны быть сбалансированы. Выход может быть найден в изучении и широком применении компетентностного подхода и идеи фасилитации. The relevance of the study is related primarily to the fact that one of the most important management processes is the evaluation of modern methods of motivation and stimulation of labor. However Russian leaders of today are not familiar with the theory of modern methods of evaluation of labor motivation and stimulation. The success of the business, and the very existence of the company largely depends on the assessment of the effectiveness of modern methods of labor motivation and stimulation. Thus, it is important that decisions were literate and reasoned. Objective: analysis of methods of motivation and stimulation of labor activity. Methods: analysis, synthesis, classification, analogy. Results. The authors studied the methods of motivation and incentives. The most obvious recommendation for specialists in human resources management is the development of such a system of motivation and stimulation of labor, which in any case is not focused on socalled cheap labor. The system of motivation and stimulation of work should be focused on high levels of remuneration for the intensive and effective work. Moreover, it should combine both tangible and intangible methods and tools with all their pros and cons. The development of such a system should be deliberate, all the elements must be balanced. The output can be found in the study and the widespread use of competency approach and ideas facilitation

Depositional environment and source rock potential of Cenomanian and Turonian sedimentary rocks of the Tarfaya Basin, Southwest Morocco

Detailed organic and inorganic geochemical analyses were used to assess the depositional environment and source rock potential of the Cenomanian and Turonian oil shale deposits in the Tarfaya Basin. This study is based on core samples from the Tarfaya Sondage-4 well that penetrated over 300m of Mid Cretaceous organic matter-rich deposits. A total of 242 samples were analyzed for total organic and inorganic carbon and selected samples for total sulfur and major elements as well as for organic petrology, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, Curie-Point-pyrolysis-gaschromatography-Mass-Spectrometry and molecular geochemistry of solvent extracts. Based on major elements the lower Cenomanian differs from the other intervals by higher silicate and lower carbonate contents. Moreover, the molecular geochemistry suggests anoxic bottom marine water conditions during the Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event (CTBE; Oceanic Anoxic Event 2: OAE2). As a proxy for the Sorg/Corg ratio, the ratio total thiophenes/total benzenes compounds was calculated from pyrolysate compositions. The results suggest that Sorg/ Corg is low in the lower Cenomanian, moderate in the upper Cenomanian, very high in the CTBE (CenomanianTuronian Boundary Event) and high in the Turonian samples. Rock-Eval data reveal that the lower Cenomanian is a moderately organic carbon-rich source rock with good potential to generate oil and gas upon thermal maturation. On the other hand, the samples from the upper Cenomanian to Turonian exhibit higher organic carbon content and can be classified as oil-prone source rocks. Based on Tmax data, all rocks are thermally immature. The microscopic investigations suggest dominance of submicroscopic organic matter in all samples and different contents of bituminite and alginite. The lower Cenomanian samples have little visible organic matter and no bituminite. The upper Cenomanian and CTBE samples are poor in bituminite and have rare visible organic matter, whereas the Turonian samples change from bituminite-fair to bituminite-rich and to higher percentages of visible organic matter towards the younger interval. These differences in the organic matter type are attributed to i) early diagenetic kerogen sulfurization and ii) the upwelling depositional environment. Moreover, kerogen sulfurization was controlled by the relationship between carbonate, iron and sulfur as well as the organic matter. Thus, the organic carbon-rich deposits can be grouped into: i) low Sorg and moderately organic matter-rich oil prone source rocks, ii) moderate Sorg and organic-carbon-rich oil prone source rocks, iii) high Sorg and organic carbon-rich oil prone source rocks and iv) very high Sorg and organic carbon-rich oil prone source rocks, the latter representing the CTBE interval. Types 2 to 4 will generate sulfur-rich petroleum upon maturation or artificial oil shale retorting. This integrated organic and inorganic approach sheds light on the various processes leading to the development of the world-class oil shales deposited through the Cenomanian to Turonian. In addition, this study shows how the changes in the depositional environment might have controlled kerogen sulfurization and organic matter preservation and structure. This detailed approach provides a better understanding on source rock development during the Cenomanian to Turonian in a global context, as many of the geochemical features were identified worldwide for deposits related to OAE2

Depositional environment and source rock potential of Cenomanian and Turonian sedimentary rocks of the Tarfaya Basin, Southwest Morocco

Detailed organic and inorganic geochemical analyses were used to assess the depositional environment and source rock potential of the Upper Albian to Turonian oil shale deposits in the Tarfaya Basin. This study is based on core samples from the Tarfaya Sondage-4 well that penetrated over 300m of Mid Cretaceous organic matter-rich deposits. A total of 242 samples were analyzed for total organic and inorganic carbon and selected samples for total sulfur and major elements as well as for organic petrology, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, Curie-Point-pyrolysis-gas-chromatography-Mass-Spectrometry and molecular geochemistry of solvent extracts. Based on major elements the Albian and Lower Cenomanian differ from the other intervals by higher silicate and lower carbonate contents. Moreover, the molecular geochemistry suggests marine anoxic bottom water conditions during the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event (CTBE; oceanic anoxic event 2: OAE2). As a proxy for the Sorg/Corg ratio, the ratio total thiophenes/total benzenes compounds was calculated from pyrolysate compositions. The results suggest that Sorg/Corg is low in the Albian, moderate in the Cenomanian, very high in the CTBE and high in the Turonian samples.  Rock-Eval data reveal that the Albian is a moderately organic carbon-rich source rock with good potential to generate oil and gas upon thermal maturation. On the other hand, the samples from the Cenomanian to the Turonian exhibit higher organic carbon contents and can be classified as oil-prone source rocks. Based on Tmax data, all rocks are thermally immature.The microscopic investigations suggest dominance of submicroscopic organic matter in all samples and different contents of bituminite and alginite. The Albian samples have little visible organic matter and no bituminite. The Cenomanian and CTBE samples are poor in bituminite and have rare visible organic matter, whereas the Turonian samples change from bituminite-fair to bituminite-rich and to higher percentages of visible organic matter towards the younger interval. These differences in the organic matter type are attributed to 1) early diagenetic kerogen sulfurization and 2) the upwelling depositional environment. Moreover, kerogen sulfurization was controlled by the relationship between carbonate, iron and sulfur as well as the organic matter. Thus, the organic carbon-rich deposits can be grouped into: 1) low Sorg and moderately organic matter-rich oil prone source rocks, 2) moderate Sorg and organic-carbon-rich oil prone source rocks, 3) high Sorg and organic carbon-rich oil prone source rocks and 4) very high Sorg and organic carbon-rich oil prone source rocks, the latter being represented by the CTBE. Types 2 to 4 will generate sulfur-rich petroleum upon maturation or artificial oil shale retorting