Intestinal Protozoan Infections in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy in Shahrekord the Central Southwest of Iran in 2018

Background and aims: Parasitic infections, especially opportunistic parasites, can cause serious problems for immunocompromised patients. In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate parasitic infections in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy after referring to Kashani hospital of Shahrekord from January to May 2018. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 750 stool samples were collected from 250 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (three fecal samples from each patient) and sent to the Parasitology Laboratory of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. All samples were examined macroscopically and microscopically through the direct method and a specific acid-fast staining method. To confirm the microscopic results, DNA was extracted from isolated parasites and amplification was performed by the polymerase chain reaction with the specific primers on positive samples. Results: In this study, 106 (42.4%) and 144 (57.6%) patients were males and females, respectively. In addition, 187 (74.8%) and 63 (25.2%) of them were living in urban and rural areas, respectively. In terms of the education level, most patients had a low level of literacy. Further, 12 (4.8%) patients were infected with intestinal parasites that including, 7 (2.8%), and 5 (2%) samples were infected with Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that B. hominis and G. lamblia are the most prevalent parasites in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Although the prevalence of intestinal parasites in cancer patients was low, these findings should not be contrary to the need for healthcare regarding the prevention of parasitic infections in cancer patients. Keywords Intestinal protozoa Cancer patient Chemotherapy Shahrekor

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one-5-carboxamides

The synthesis of various dihydropyrimidinone derivatives bearing carbamoyl moieties in 5-position under reflux conditions and microwave irradiation is described. An efficient three-component Biginelli reaction using catalytic amounts of zirconium(IV) chloride as an efficient catalyst leads to the formation of these compounds

Analysis of physical expansion and sprawl growth factors of Sari city using Shannon and Heldern entropy models

Population growth and rapid urbanization growth in recent decades have not only led to unbalanced physical expansion of cities, but also contributed to growth and development of cities. The city of Sari in Iran, like many other cities is not immune from these changes. The city population has increased by 16 times over the last fifty years. Therefore, the increasing population growth has created uncontrolled physical expansion in the city. In order to prevent these inefficiencies of urban problems, the present study was accomplished to determine the factors influencing the process of expanding the city of Sari and to find out some solutions to fix and prevent this process. The method used in this study, descriptive–analytical method, to data analysis and Heldern and Shannon entropy model were used. The results show that: 82% of the physical growth of the city during the period 1977-2005 was related to the population growth and the remaining 18 percent, was associated with the horizontal growth. The city sprawl, the metropolitan area of the city had denser structure and the surrounding areas had a more dispersed structure. Also the effects of synthetic and natural factors restricting the city of Sari physical development made the city exorbitance horizontal and linearly developed. According to the findings that could help prevent the horizontal development of the city, it could be said that we could make the city vertically developed rather than horizontal expansion, improvement and renovation of old texture of implementation and more use of the land, filling the empty spaces

Developing capacity around knowledge translation : a marriage of action and mindset

The burden of mental illness is having an increasingly significant impact on health globally with the cost estimated to be $2.5 trillion in 2010 and by 2030, it is projected to increase to$6 trillion (Marquez & Saxena, 2016). However, the unfortunate truth is that a majority of people living with mental ill-health receive limited effective treatment (Cleary et al., 2019; Patel & Thornicroft, 2009; Prince et al., 2007). Effective treatment is the progeny created from the integration of research and evidence into clinical practice (Elledge et al., 2019) to facilitate evidence-based best practice health care (Grimshaw et al., 2012). The integration of research and evidence into clinical practice emerges from the process of ‘knowledge translation’, which has been defined as “the use of knowledge in practice and decision making by the public, patients, health care professionals, managers, and policy makers” (Straus et al., 2011, p. 6). Lack of effective transfer of knowledge to practice can lead to missed opportunities in providing proper and high-quality consumer care (Cleary et al., 2018)

Developing capacity around knowledge translation: A marriage of action and mindset

The burden of mental illness is having an increasingly significant impact on health globally with the cost estimated to be $2.5 trillion in 2010 and by 2030, it is projected to increase to$6 trillion (Marquez & Saxena, 2016). However, the unfortunate truth is that a majority of people living with mental ill-health receive limited effective treatment (Cleary et al., 2019; Patel & Thornicroft, 2009; Prince et al., 2007). Effective treatment is the progeny created from the integration of research and evidence into clinical practice (Elledge et al., 2019) to facilitate evidence-based best practice health care (Grimshaw et al., 2012)

Risk mapping of malaria in Iran from 2009 to 2018: A GIS-Based survey

Background: Since the issues of public health and the spread of diseases are directly related to the region's geography. We aim to determine malaria incidence, spatial distribution, and hot spots in Iran using the GIS for a decade from 2009 to 2018. Methods: GIS was used to analyze the information acquired from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Tehran, Iran, and other associated centers between 2009 and 2018. Subsequently, maps of the disease's spatial distribution were constructed and using ArcGIS 10.5 software, the disease's hotspots in Iran were determined. The disease's variables, such as temperature, relative humidity, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and malaria incidence, were correlated using geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis in ArcGIS 10.5.&nbsp; Using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test, data were analyzed using Linear Regression Analysis and SPSS 21 software using descriptive statistics. Sistan and Baluchistan, and the Bushehr provinces were hot spots for Malaria. The geographically weighted regression analysis results showed that in Sistan and Baluchistan and Bushehr, Hormozgan, Fars, Qom, Yazd, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, the highest correlation between temperature, humidity, vegetation density, and the incidence of Malaria was observed (p-value = 0.019).&nbsp

Spatial modeling of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran from 2010 to 2018

Kala-Azar is the most lethal type of leishmaniasis, sporadic in most parts of Iran and prevalent in some provinces. Using the Geographical Information System (GIS) and satellite data analysis, we intended to assess the disease's incidence in Iran. Methods: Using GIS, data received from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Tehran, Iran, and other associated institutions between 2010 and 2018 were evaluated. The disease's geographical distribution maps were then constructed, and the disease's hotspots in Iran were identified using spatial analysis using ArcGIS10.5 software. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis in ArcGIS10.5 was used to link disease-influencing variables such as temperature, relative humidity, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and incidence of visceral leishmaniasis. Linear regression analysis, SPSS 21 software descriptive statistics, and chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Results: This study revealed that the provinces of Ardabil, East Azarbaijan, North Khorasan, and Fars were the hot spots of VL. The provinces of Ardabil, East Azarbaijan, North Khorasan, Fars, Bushehr, Semnan, Sistan, Baluchistan, Esfahan, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari, Qom, Golestan, and Kerman had the highest correlation between temperature, vegetation density, and the incidence of Kala Azar, as determined by geographical weighted regression analysis.&nbsp