Investigando o Efeito Leidenfrost: um relato de uma atividade exploratória em dois contextos educativos

Autores defendem que alguns dos objetivos do ensino de ciências atualmente são o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico dos alunos; produção de reflexões e de conhecimento e construção da autonomia para a tomada de decisões cientificamente informadas. Isso envolve problematizar os modelos científicos e estudar os seus contextos e processos de produção. Por esse motivo, é fundamental familiarizar os estudantes com os processos de avaliação e crítica pelos quais se constitui a ciência. Com este objetivo, o presente trabalho traz o relato de uma atividade exploratória proposta a alunos de duas escolas do Rio de Janeiro, tendo como tema o efeito Leidenfrost. As respostas dos alunos foram organizadas em categorias a partir das quais são traçadas possibilidades para o trabalho do professor em sala de aula e delineadas tendências aparentes nos dois contextos educacionais

Explorando a interdisciplinaridade entre química e física através de uma abordagem histórico-cultural

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo histórico sobre radioatividade e modelos atômicos no século XIX elaborado com vistas a construir subsídios para a elaboração de propostas para a educação em ciências que promovam a interdisciplinaridade entre a química e a física. Desta maneira, articulados a referenciais sobre história da ciência e ensino, práticas científicas e interdisciplinaridade, propomos uma abordagem histórica pautada na história cultural da ciência para cumprir o objetivo proposto, trazendo, ao final, comentários sobre as possibilidades para a educação em ciências

Entre o histórico e o contemporâneo : abordando as práticas científicas em um curso sobre história e filosofia das ciências

A História das Ciências no ensino é considerada como caminho para fomentar discussões sobre a ciência no ensino. Tendências recentes apontam que a perspectiva das práticas científicas pode ser um bom viés para melhor entendimento sobre como se desenvolvem as ciências. Partindo dessa premissa, utilizamos a perspectiva da História Cultural das Ciências, análise historiográfica caracterizada pelo estudo das práticas científicas e das representações criadas pela ciência, em um curso sobre História da Ciência desenvolvido numa instituição brasileira de ensino. Os resultados foram indicam aprofundamentos futuros onde possam ser exploradas as particularidades da abordagem pelo viés da História Cultural da Ciência

Análise de provas de seleção para ingresso em cursos da UFRJ quanto ao uso da abordagem CTS

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The European Reference Genome Atlas: piloting a decentralised approach to equitable biodiversity genomics.

ABSTRACT: A global genome database of all of Earth’s species diversity could be a treasure trove of scientific discoveries. However, regardless of the major advances in genome sequencing technologies, only a tiny fraction of species have genomic information available. To contribute to a more complete planetary genomic database, scientists and institutions across the world have united under the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), which plans to sequence and assemble high-quality reference genomes for all ∼1.5 million recognized eukaryotic species through a stepwise phased approach. As the initiative transitions into Phase II, where 150,000 species are to be sequenced in just four years, worldwide participation in the project will be fundamental to success. As the European node of the EBP, the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) seeks to implement a new decentralised, accessible, equitable and inclusive model for producing high-quality reference genomes, which will inform EBP as it scales. To embark on this mission, ERGA launched a Pilot Project to establish a network across Europe to develop and test the first infrastructure of its kind for the coordinated and distributed reference genome production on 98 European eukaryotic species from sample providers across 33 European countries. Here we outline the process and challenges faced during the development of a pilot infrastructure for the production of reference genome resources, and explore the effectiveness of this approach in terms of high-quality reference genome production, considering also equity and inclusion. The outcomes and lessons learned during this pilot provide a solid foundation for ERGA while offering key learnings to other transnational and national genomic resource projects.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens