61 research outputs found

    Nouvelles données sur le quartier Outre-Seille à Metz (Moselle) (époques romaine, médiévale et moderne) : la fouille de la place Mazelle

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    La fouille archĂ©ologique prĂ©ventive menĂ©e place Mazelle Ă  Metz a permis d’enrichir la documentation sur le quartier Outre-Seille. Au cƓur de la plaine alluviale de la Seille, le site a d’abord subi plusieurs Ă©pisodes de crues et d’inondations qui ont dĂ©posĂ© des alluvions sur 1,50 m d’épaisseur. Des dĂ©chets domestiques provenant de la ville sont ensuite dĂ©versĂ©s Ă  proximitĂ© de la riviĂšre. Le mobilier en cĂ©ramique et la faune sont abondants, mais aucune spĂ©cialisation ne peut ĂȘtre attribuĂ©e Ă  cet espace de stockage. L’abondant lot de cĂ©ramiques permet de dater cette phase de frĂ©quentation du milieu et de la seconde moitiĂ© du IIIe siĂšcle ap. J.-C. AprĂšs une pĂ©riode d’abandon de prĂšs de dix siĂšcles, d’importantes transformations ont lieu lors de la construction, Ă  la fin du XIIe siĂšcle, de l’enceinte mĂ©diĂ©vale. Un canal dĂ©rivant le cours de la Seille est creusĂ© afin d’alimenter les douves. Il sera en usage jusqu’en 1739 lorsque Louis de Cormontaigne fait remblayer la zone pour crĂ©er le systĂšme bastionnĂ©.The archaeological rescue excavation carried out at Mazelle in Metz has enriched the documentation on the Outre-Seille district. Inside the alluvial plain of the Seille, the site initially suffered from several episodes of flooding that deposited alluvium over 1.5 m thick. Domestic waste from the city was then dumped near the river. Pottery and fauna are abundant, but no specialization may be assigned to this storage space. The large amount of pottery allows us to date this phase of occupation to the middle and second half of the third century AD. After a period of abandonment of nearly ten centuries, important changes took place during the construction of the medieval walls at the end of the twelfth century. A channel diverting the course of the Seille was dug in order to supply the moat. It was in use until 1739 when Louis de Cormontaigne ordered backfilling of the area to create a bastion system. (Trad. : Sandrine MarquiĂ©)Eine im Vorfeld des Baus eines RĂŒckhaltebeckens durchgefĂŒhrte Ausgrabung auf der Place Mazelle in Metz ermöglichte es, den Kenntnisstand vom archĂ€ologischen Umfeld des Stadtviertels Outre-Seille erheblich zu verbessern. Ein insgesamt 1,50 m mĂ€chtiges Paket aus Schwemmschichten deutet auf mehrere HochwĂ€sser hin, denen das im Überschwemmungsbereich der Seille gelegene Areal zunĂ€chst ausgesetzt war. In der Mitte und in der zweiten HĂ€lfte des 3. Jh. n. Chr. diente der Ort dann der Entsorgung von HausmĂŒll, welcher ein ĂŒberaus reichhaltiges keramisches Ensemble sowie eine große Anzahl an Tierknochen geliefert hat. Eine Dominanz bestimmter TĂ€tigkeitsbereiche ließ sich anhand des vorliegenden Fundmaterials allerdings nicht feststellen. Danach blieb das GelĂ€nde fast zehn Jahrhunderte lang ungenutzt, bis am Ende des 12. Jh. im Zusammenhang mit dem Bau der mittelalterlichen Stadtmauer eine bedeutende VerĂ€nderung der Situation stattfand. Damals wurde ein Kanal angelegt, der aus der Seille Wasser ableitete, um die WassergrĂ€ben vor der Stadtmauer zu versorgen. Dieser Kanal war bis 1739 in Benutzung, als Louis de Cormontaigne im Zuge der Umwandlung der Stadt in eine Festung das gesamte GelĂ€nde aufschĂŒtten ließ. (Trad. : Christian Dreier

    AlĂ©ria – Mare Stagno

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    La campagne de 2016 a confirmĂ© l’importance du site qui avait fait l’objet de sondages en 2015. Les travaux concernent un Ă©tablissement de taille modeste dans la sphĂšre d’influence de la colonie d’AlĂ©ria. Les informations livrĂ©es par la fouille sont prĂ©cieuses car une large part de la zone est couverte par le vignoble qui rend les vestiges inaccessibles. Les ruines romaines se situent Ă  290 m au sud de la tour GĂ©noise de Mare Stagno, en plein centre d’un cordon de terre qui sĂ©pare l’étang de ..

    Nouvelles données sur le quartier Outre-Seille à Metz (Moselle) (époques romaine, médiévale et moderne) : la fouille de la place Mazelle

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    La fouille archĂ©ologique prĂ©ventive menĂ©e place Mazelle Ă  Metz a permis d’enrichir la documentation sur le quartier Outre-Seille. Au cƓur de la plaine alluviale de la Seille, le site a d’abord subi plusieurs Ă©pisodes de crues et d’inondations qui ont dĂ©posĂ© des alluvions sur 1,50 m d’épaisseur. Des dĂ©chets domestiques provenant de la ville sont ensuite dĂ©versĂ©s Ă  proximitĂ© de la riviĂšre. Le mobilier en cĂ©ramique et la faune sont abondants, mais aucune spĂ©cialisation ne peut ĂȘtre attribuĂ©e Ă  cet espace de stockage. L’abondant lot de cĂ©ramiques permet de dater cette phase de frĂ©quentation du milieu et de la seconde moitiĂ© du IIIe siĂšcle ap. J.-C. AprĂšs une pĂ©riode d’abandon de prĂšs de dix siĂšcles, d’importantes transformations ont lieu lors de la construction, Ă  la fin du XIIe siĂšcle, de l’enceinte mĂ©diĂ©vale. Un canal dĂ©rivant le cours de la Seille est creusĂ© afin d’alimenter les douves. Il sera en usage jusqu’en 1739 lorsque Louis de Cormontaigne fait remblayer la zone pour crĂ©er le systĂšme bastionnĂ©.The archaeological rescue excavation carried out at Mazelle in Metz has enriched the documentation on the Outre-Seille district. Inside the alluvial plain of the Seille, the site initially suffered from several episodes of flooding that deposited alluvium over 1.5 m thick. Domestic waste from the city was then dumped near the river. Pottery and fauna are abundant, but no specialization may be assigned to this storage space. The large amount of pottery allows us to date this phase of occupation to the middle and second half of the third century AD. After a period of abandonment of nearly ten centuries, important changes took place during the construction of the medieval walls at the end of the twelfth century. A channel diverting the course of the Seille was dug in order to supply the moat. It was in use until 1739 when Louis de Cormontaigne ordered backfilling of the area to create a bastion system. (Trad. : Sandrine MarquiĂ©)Eine im Vorfeld des Baus eines RĂŒckhaltebeckens durchgefĂŒhrte Ausgrabung auf der Place Mazelle in Metz ermöglichte es, den Kenntnisstand vom archĂ€ologischen Umfeld des Stadtviertels Outre-Seille erheblich zu verbessern. Ein insgesamt 1,50 m mĂ€chtiges Paket aus Schwemmschichten deutet auf mehrere HochwĂ€sser hin, denen das im Überschwemmungsbereich der Seille gelegene Areal zunĂ€chst ausgesetzt war. In der Mitte und in der zweiten HĂ€lfte des 3. Jh. n. Chr. diente der Ort dann der Entsorgung von HausmĂŒll, welcher ein ĂŒberaus reichhaltiges keramisches Ensemble sowie eine große Anzahl an Tierknochen geliefert hat. Eine Dominanz bestimmter TĂ€tigkeitsbereiche ließ sich anhand des vorliegenden Fundmaterials allerdings nicht feststellen. Danach blieb das GelĂ€nde fast zehn Jahrhunderte lang ungenutzt, bis am Ende des 12. Jh. im Zusammenhang mit dem Bau der mittelalterlichen Stadtmauer eine bedeutende VerĂ€nderung der Situation stattfand. Damals wurde ein Kanal angelegt, der aus der Seille Wasser ableitete, um die WassergrĂ€ben vor der Stadtmauer zu versorgen. Dieser Kanal war bis 1739 in Benutzung, als Louis de Cormontaigne im Zuge der Umwandlung der Stadt in eine Festung das gesamte GelĂ€nde aufschĂŒtten ließ. (Trad. : Christian Dreier

    Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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    BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

    PTX3 Polymorphisms and Invasive Mold Infections After Solid Organ Transplant

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    Donor PTX3 polymorphisms were shown to influence the risk of invasive aspergillosis among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Here, we show that PTX3 polymorphisms are independent risk factors for invasive mold infections among 1101 solid organ transplant recipients, thereby strengthening their role in mold infection pathogenesis and patients' risk stratificatio

    Reply to Cunha et al

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    Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

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    Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

    Une occupation de l’AntiquitĂ© tardive en bord de voie Ă  Goussancourt (Aisne)

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    La fouille de Goussancourt (Aisne), situĂ©e sur le tracĂ© de la LGV Est, a permis d’étudier un important site de l’AntiquitĂ© tardive organisĂ© le long et de part et d’autre d’une voie. L’occupation tardive se divise en deux phases. La premiĂšre dĂ©bute aprĂšs 320 et semble se terminer avant 350. Elle comprend deux constructions sur solins de pierres, un angle d’enclos, un ensemble composĂ© d’un puits et d’un canal d’évacuation d’une mare ainsi qu’un groupe de foyers-fours. La seconde phase est datĂ©e entre 360 et 390. Elle voit la construction d’une longue habitation-Ă©table, d’une dizaine de greniers, d’au moins cinq granges et de bĂątiments annexes sur poteaux ainsi que de deux fonds de cabane. Ces constructions sont situĂ©es Ă©galement de part et d’autre de la voie, montrant la perduration de l’axe de circulation et son rĂŽle dans la structuration du site.The important Late Antiquity site of Goussancourt (Aisne) lies along the route of the LGE Est, and was constructed on either side of an ancient way. Its late occupation fell into two phases. The first started after 320 and seems to have ended before 350. It consisted of two constructions on stone foundations, the corner of an enclosure, a well and evacuation channel, and a group of hearthscum-ovens. The second phase is dated to between 360 and 390, in which a long house-stable, ten or so lofts, at least five barns, annexes raised on piles, and two hut floors were built. These buildings were also set on either side of the ancient way, suggesting the continuity of the road and its role in the structuring of the site.Bei der Grabung von Goussancourt (Departement Aisne) auf der Trasse der LGV Est wurde eine bedeutende, entlang und beidseitig einer Straße gelegene Fundstelle der SpĂ€tantike freigelegt. Die Besiedlung dieser Zeit gliedert sich in zwei Phasen auf. Die erste Phase beginnt nach 320 und scheint vor 350 zu enden. Sie besteht aus zwei auf Steinsockeln errichteten GebĂ€uden, der Ecke einer Einfriedung ; etwas weiter wurden ein Brunnen und ein Abwasserkanal sowie mehrere Öfen und Feuerstellen entdeckt. Die zweite Phase datiert zwischen 360 und 390. In dieser Phase entstehen ein langes Wohn-Stallhaus, ungefĂ€hr zehn Speicher, mindestens fĂŒnf Scheunen und auf Pfosten gebaute NebengebĂ€ude sowie zwei GrubenhĂ€user. Diese ebenfalls beidseitig der Straße angelegten GebĂ€ude zeugen vom Fortbestand der Verkehrsachse und deren Rolle in der Strukturierung des Ortes

    Les rouelles de Moyencourt « Les Hauts du Bois de Piques » (dĂ©p. Somme / F). Nouvelles donnĂ©es sur l’usage de rouelles en plomb en Gaule Belgique

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    International audienceL’ensemble de Moyencourt constitue Ă  l’heure actuelle l’une des plus importantes sĂ©ries de rouelles en plomb connue. L’examen dĂ©taillĂ© de ces piĂšces a permis de dĂ©finir un module principal, centrĂ© sur 7 mm, ainsi que probablement deux autres modules, respectivement de 6 mm et 8 mm de diamĂštre. La sĂ©rie, trĂšs homogĂšne morphologiquement, est caractĂ©risĂ©e par la raretĂ© des rouelles individualisĂ©es et par une datation couvrant la pĂ©riode romaine. Le dĂ©pouillement de la bibliographie a permis de dĂ©finir prĂšs de 40 points de dĂ©couvertes pour ce type de matĂ©riel, 31 Ă©tant certains ; parmi eux, 19 sites ont livrĂ© un ou des chapelets de rouelles. De maniĂšre gĂ©nĂ©rale, les modules de 7 et 15 mm paraissent rĂ©currents. La question de la chronologie, discutĂ©e au moyen de quelques sĂ©ries bien datĂ©es, permet de reconsidĂ©rer la datation de ce type de matĂ©riel, encore souvent perçu comme datant de La TĂšne D. DĂ©sormais, il semble que l’usage courant de ces offrandes « par destination » n’intervienne pas avant La TĂšne D2b voire pas avant la pĂ©riode augustĂ©enne prĂ©coce. Les dĂ©couvertes se concentrent au cours du Ier siĂšcle, en particulier durant la pĂ©riode julio-claudienne ; toutefois, la permanence de la production de ces rouelles est loin d’ĂȘtre Ă©cartĂ©e. La carte de rĂ©partition de ces dĂ©couvertes montre une concentration flagrante dans le quart nord-est de la France et jusqu’en Belgique, soit une zone correspondant peu ou prou Ă  la Gaule Belgique
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