Czy człowiek niepełnosprawny ma szansę być pełnoprawnym turystą?

Tourism is an important part of life for all people, including those with disabilities. In the case of the latter, in addition to typical features such as – leisure, cognitive, educational, etc., tourism is also part of rehabilitation (physical rehabilitation, psychological and social), contributes to the openness to other people, facilitates acceptance of disability, make disabled people believe in their own value, and often break out of isolation - the same contributes to fi nding his place among “healthy” people. People with disabilities, taking a tourist activity, much more often than people without the restrictions, encounter in a variety of barriers. Some of these barriers are common to people with various disabilities, others are linked to the type of disability. Most studies about disabled people tourism focuses on the discussion of barriers of tourist activity in this group. This article treats this issue in a different way - is an attempt to show that tourism is not only a privilege for people without disabilities. The author presents ways to increase tourist activity of people with disabilities and shows ways for making the tourism area of activity more accessible for them

Historyczny krajobraz kulturowy subregionu zachodnich Sudetów. Uwagi o metodzie badań

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań prowadzonych w rejonie  zachodnich Sudetów (głównie Góry Izerskie) przez interdyscyplinarny zespół. Kilkuletnie prace skupiały się na rozpoznaniu krajobrazu kulturowego tego regionu od okresu średniowiecza do czasów nowożytnych. Szeroko zakrojone ramy projektu obejmowały analizę licznych struktur antropogenicznych identyfikowanych na mapach archiwalnych z różnych okresów (od XVIII do XX wieku) i danych lidarowych oraz ich weryfikację terenową. W wybranych lokalizacjach prowadzone były prace wykopaliskowe lub przy użyciumetod nieinwazyjnych. Zadokumentowano i zweryfikowano wiele śladów związanych z dawnym górnictwem, szklarstwem, zanikłym osadnictwem. Autorzy przedstawili korzyści i wady wynikające z podjętych analiz

A new perspectives on breastfeeding practice reconstruction in bioarchaeology – an oxygen isotopes study in an animal model

Research using stable isotopes for the reconstruction of breastfeeding strategies are based on assumptions that have not yet been verified by experimental studies. Interpreting the results of isotope analysis is associated with a certain degree of uncertainty, mainly due to the lack of information on how isotopes are distributed in mothers, breast-fed and weaned offspring. Culinary practices also can affect the interpretation of isotope results.Considering positive correlation between oxygen isotope composition of drinking water and bone phosphates, experimental studies were carried out using rats as an animal model. The experiment showed that apatites of breast-fed offspring were enriched 1.6‰ in comparison to the values observed in their mothers. In the boiled water model, the difference was 1.8‰. On the basis of the animal model, it was estimated that the difference in 18O between mother and child in the human species may amount to approximately 2.7‰, and long-term intake of boiled liquid food and beverages will not compensate the difference.The experiment allowed observation of the effect of changes in isotope ratios to a change in trophic levels during breastfeeding and weaning, as well as the additional effect associated with the consumption of isotope enriched water during thermal treatment

Śródnaczyniowa implantacja stentgraftów aortalnych : 5 lat doświadczeń

Background: Presentation of own experience in the field of endovascular treatment of aneurysms and aortal wall damage, as well as comparison of the value of angio-CT and dimensioning angiography imaging of aneurysms in the aspect of qualification for aortal stentgraft implantation procedures. Material/Method: 133 patients (11 females and 121 males) aged 23 - 82 years underwent endovascular stentgraft implantation procedures preformed as treatment for aortal aneurysms, delaminations and posttraumatic damage of the aortal wall. The treated patients were classified as belonging to groups II (35.5%), III (55%) and IV (9.5%) according to ASA. Qualification for endovascular surgery was based on angio-CT and dimensioning angiography. Results: 21 stentgrafts were implanted into the thoracic and 113 into the abdominal aorta. There was no necessity of perioperative removal of the prosthesis in any case. The overall rate of postoperative complications was 9.7 %. The duration of the surgery ranged from 30 to 120 min. Conclusions: Implantation of aortal stentgrafts is a safe method of treatment for aortal aneurysms, delaminations and ruptures. It as also a life-saving procedure in damage of the aortal wall due to trauma. Computed tomography is an essential imaging modality in the diagnostics of aortal abnormalities. Owing to 3D reconstructions of CT images, the aortal anatomy and the exact site of aortal wall damage can be identified. This is very important for correct selection of the stentgraft parameters and makes it possible to resign from dimensioning angiography

Przydatność badania perfuzyjnego TK (p-TK) w ocenie przepływu mózgowego i autoregulacji u pacjentów ze zwężeniem tętnicy szyjnej wewnętrznej przed i po zabiegu operacyjnym lub stentowaniem : doniesienie wstępne

Background: Improvement of brain perfusion and disappearance o f neurological symptoms are the objective indicators of successful treatment of carotid stenosis. The perfusion CT technique is a component of a comprehensive evaluation o f blood flow in cerebropetal arteries and brain perfusion. Material/Methods: In the period of 2002-2004, perfusion CT exams were performed in 40 symptomatic patients being treated at our Surgery or Radiology Departments because o f one-sided internal carotid stenosis (more than 70%). The exams were performed before and after the surgical procedure (23 patients) or stenting (17 patients). rCBV, rCBF, MTT, and TTP were evaluated. Results: In a subgroup of 16 patients with carotid stenosis (less then 90%), a significant prolongation of MTT and a decrease in rCBF were observed in preoperative perfusion CT. In another subgroup of 24 patients with tight stenosis (more than 90%), changes in perfusion parameters ipsilateral to the stenosis were observed in every patient; MTT prolongation (by 35%) was the most profound change. In 14 patients in the critical stenosis subgroup which presented clinical symptoms (for at least 5 years), exams were performed after acetazolamide (Diamox) provocation to assess vascular autoregulation. The additional parameter of cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CRC) was introduced. In the evaluated group, 5 of the 14 patients presented complications, of which intracranial hemorrhage was the most severe. Mild symptoms of reperfusion syndrome in the subgroup of moderate stenosis occurred in one case only. Analysis of preoperative perfusion parameters revealed statistically significant increases in CBV and CBF as well as shortening of MTT and TTP ipsilaterally to the carotid stenosis. Conclusions: Perfusion CT is of significant importance in the evaluation of the effectiveness of procedures to restore carotid patency. Perfusion evaluation by means of autoregulation test (test with acetazolamide) enables prognosis of the course of the postoperative period in patients at risk of reperfusion syndrome

An integrative skeletal and paleogenomic analysis of stature variation suggests relatively reduced health for early european farmers

Human culture, biology, and health were shaped dramatically by the onset of agriculture ∼12,000 y B.P. This shift is hypothesized to have resulted in increased individual fitness and population growth as evidenced by archaeological and population genomic data alongside a decline in physiological health as inferred from skeletal remains. Here, we consider osteological and ancient DNA data from the same prehistoric individuals to study human stature variation as a proxy for health across a transition to agriculture. Specifically, we compared “predicted” genetic contributions to height from paleogenomic data and “achieved” adult osteological height estimated from long bone measurements for 167 individuals across Europe spanning the Upper Paleolithic to Iron Age (∼38,000 to 2,400 B.P.). We found that individuals from the Neolithic were shorter than expected (given their individual polygenic height scores) by an average of −3.82 cm relative to individuals from the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic (P = 0.040) and −2.21 cm shorter relative to post-Neolithic individuals (P = 0.068), with osteological vs. expected stature steadily increasing across the Copper (+1.95 cm relative to the Neolithic), Bronze (+2.70 cm), and Iron (+3.27 cm) Ages. These results were attenuated when we additionally accounted for genome-wide genetic ancestry variation: for example, with Neolithic individuals −2.82 cm shorter than expected on average relative to pre-Neolithic individuals (P = 0.120). We also incorporated observations of paleopathological indicators of nonspecific stress that can persist from childhood to adulthood in skeletal remains into our model. Overall, our work highlights the potential of integrating disparate datasets to explore proxies of health in prehistory.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain’s gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries

Stone Age Yersinia pestis genomes shed light on the early evolution, diversity, and ecology of plague

[Significance] The bacterium Yersinia pestis has caused numerous historically documented outbreaks of plague and research using ancient DNA could demonstrate that it already affected human populations during the Neolithic. However, the pathogen’s genetic diversity, geographic spread, and transmission dynamics during this early period of Y. pestis evolution are largely unexplored. Here, we describe a set of ancient plague genomes up to 5,000 y old from across Eurasia. Our data demonstrate that two genetically distinct forms of Y. pestis evolved in parallel and were both distributed across vast geographic distances, potentially occupying different ecological niches. Interpreted within the archeological context, our results suggest that the spread of plague during this period was linked to increased human mobility and intensification of animal husbandry.The bacterial pathogen Yersinia pestis gave rise to devastating outbreaks throughout human history, and ancient DNA evidence has shown it afflicted human populations as far back as the Neolithic. Y. pestis genomes recovered from the Eurasian Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age (LNBA) period have uncovered key evolutionary steps that led to its emergence from a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-like progenitor; however, the number of reconstructed LNBA genomes are too few to explore its diversity during this critical period of development. Here, we present 17 Y. pestis genomes dating to 5,000 to 2,500 y BP from a wide geographic expanse across Eurasia. This increased dataset enabled us to explore correlations between temporal, geographical, and genetic distance. Our results suggest a nonflea-adapted and potentially extinct single lineage that persisted over millennia without significant parallel diversification, accompanied by rapid dispersal across continents throughout this period, a trend not observed in other pathogens for which ancient genomes are available. A stepwise pattern of gene loss provides further clues on its early evolution and potential adaptation. We also discover the presence of the flea-adapted form of Y. pestis in Bronze Age Iberia, previously only identified in in the Caucasus and the Volga regions, suggesting a much wider geographic spread of this form of Y. pestis. Together, these data reveal the dynamic nature of plague’s formative years in terms of its early evolution and ecology.This study was funded by the Max Planck Society, Max Planck Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean and the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement 771234 – PALEoRIDER (to W.H.), 856453 – HistoGenes (to J.K.), and 834616 – ARCHCAUCASUS (to S.H.). The Heidelberg Academy of Science financed the genetic and archeological research on human individuals from the Augsburg region within the project WIN Kolleg: “Times of Upheaval: Changes of Society and Landscape at the Beginning of the Bronze Age. M.E. was supported by the award “Praemium Academiae” of the Czech Academy of Sciences. M.D. was supported by the project RVO 67985912 of the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague. I.O. was supported by the Ramón y Cajal grant from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spanish Government (RYC2019-027909-I). A. H€ubner was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany’s Excellence Strategy (EXC 2051 – Project-ID 390713860). J.F.-E. and J.A.M.-A. were supported by the Diputación Foral de Alava, IT 1223-19, Gobierno Vasco. A. Buzhilova was supported by the Center of Information Technologies and Systems (CITIS), Moscow, Russia 121041500329-0. L. M., L.B.D., and E. Khussainova were supported by the Grant AP08856654, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. A. Beisenov was supported by the Grant AP08857177, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Peer reviewe

The use of erratic stone by the communities of the Linear Pottery culture: a view from the excavations in Kostomłoty, site 27, province of Lower Silesia1

The settlement of the Linear Pottery culture population documented in Kostomłoty, Środa Śląska district, consisted of characteristic longhouses accompanied by various pits forming isolated households. Seven such complexes were observed within the excavated area as well as a complex of spacious dug-out features differing from typical Linear Pottery culture pits. The analysis of the flintworking from this settlement provides new data on the function of this aspect of manufacturing and its context in the first farming communities in Silesia. The unusual character of flintworking in the settlement in Kostomłoty is attributed to being a probable result of the settlement’s marginal location in relation to the centre of Linear Pottery culture settlement

Erased by the Plough, Spotted from the Air. Remains of Earthwork Sites from Silesia

Since 2012 south-western Poland has been subject to regular aerial prospection campaigns that covered a vast area of the Upper Silesian, Lower Silesian and Opole regions. Eight surveys were conducted in with a total of 44 flight hours during late spring and summer dates. Their primary aim was the recognition of Neolithic and Early Bronze Age communities and landscapes. Additional photographic documentation of known and newly discovered features from other chronological periods was also obtained. The article presents a selection of data from five medieval settlements (Borucin site 2, Chrzelice site 1, Gniechowice site 1, Komorno site 1, Stary Zamek site 6), whose common feature is their nearly completely leveled earthworks, which makes the presented aerial imagery a basic source of information about them. The potential of remote sensing approaches in the case of quickly deteriorating archeological terrain forms, although not used frequently, has numerous advantages especially in contrary to the still favoured destructive excavation strategies. A visible intensification of archeological site destruction due to all-round development of urban and rural areas has affected all types of archeological sites – also those characterized (until relatively recently) by unique and complex earthwork remains. This situation requires an adaptation of new protection strategies, as well as alternative cognitive and methodical schemes. The case studies presented in this paper are a final wakeup call showcasing the scale of the ongoing, countrywide, systematic destruction of important yet unknown or poorly researched archeological sites. The remedy in our opinion is the recognition of non-invasive remote sensing and geophysical techniques as primary research methods as they allow defining crucial elements, such as form, size, layout, or functional interpretation