Community identity, life satisfaction, empowerment and health: suggesting a model for the immigrant population

The academic literature shows that studies in the fields of Community Psychology and Group Psychology have reached the same conclusion: belonging to and identifying with a group has an impact on health. However, when the studies are reviewed, there seems to be little communication between those engaged in these two lines of work, as contributions made from the perspective of Community are not compared with those made from that of Social Identity. Therefore, this study opts for an integrative perspective that makes possible progress towards a political/social viewpoint. Specifically, it is sought to understand the relationship between identification with the neighbourhood in which one lives (what has been called "community identity") and the mental health of Malaga's immigrant population, a model being proposed in which the relationship between health and identity is mediated by empowerment.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Government of Spain's Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, reference: PSI2013-40508-

Los neonicotinoides modifican la composición bacteriana de la melaza y la preferencia de los parasitoides por esta fuente de alimento

Los neonicotinoides son los insecticidas sistémicos más ampliamente utilizados a escala global a pesar de que resultan tóxicos para los insectos beneficiosos que se alimentan de néctar o melaza. Varios estudios han demostrado que los insectos beneficiosos no son capaces de discriminar entre néctar contaminado y no contaminado con neonicotinoides. Sin embargo, esto nunca se ha comprobado para la melaza, la principal fuente de carbohidratos en muchos ecosistemas agrícolas. Para abordar esta cuestión, recogimos la melaza excretada por Planococcus citri Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) que se habían alimentado de plantas tratadas y no tratadas con el neonicotinoide tiametoxam

Reduced membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase does not affect binding of Vip3Aa in a Heliothis virescens resistant colony

The Vip3Aa insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is produced by specific transgenic corn and cotton varieties for efficient control of target lepidopteran pests. The main threat to this technology is the evolution of resistance in targeted insect pests and understanding the mechanistic basis of resistance is crucial to deploy the most appropriate strategies for resistance management. In this work, we tested whether alteration of membrane receptors in the insect midgut might explain the >2000-fold Vip3Aa resistance phenotype in a laboratory-selected colony of Heliothis virescens (Vip-Sel). Binding of 125I-labeled Vip3Aa to brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from 3rd instar larvae from Vip-Sel was not significantly different from binding in the reference susceptible colony. Interestingly, BBMV from Vip-Sel larvae showed dramatically reduced levels of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase (mALP) activity, which was further confirmed by a strong downregulation of the membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase 1 (HvmALP1) gene. However, the involvement of HvmALP1 as a receptor for the Vip3Aa protein was not supported by results from ligand blotting and viability assays with insect cells expressing HvmALP1

Evaluating satisfaction with teaching innovation, its relationship to academic performance and the application of a video-based microlearning

Aim: To develop and validate a questionnaire to assess satisfaction with teaching innovation, assess the student satisfaction with a video-based microlearning intervention in its video-based modality and to verify its impact on academic performance. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The study used the COSMIN checklist for studies on measurement instruments. Methods: One hundred and ten nursing students from Salus Infirmorum University Centre (Andalusia, Spain) participated in the study. The items of the instrument were designed based on a literature review and its validity and stability were analysed. After that, 6 weeks of video-based microlearning intervention were implemented. Then students were asked to fill the satisfaction questionnaire and then took the subject exam. Results: The resulting questionnaire consisted of 5 items with only one dimension. The questionnaire showed good validity and reliability. A direct correlation was observed between satisfaction with the video-based microlearning intervention and the marks of the subject exam.11 página

Leishmania infection in cats and feline leishmaniosis: an updated review with a proposal of a diagnosis algorithm and prevention guidelines

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Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

LeishVet update and recommendations on feline leishmaniosis

Limited data is available on feline leishmaniosis (FeL) caused by Leishmania infantum worldwide. The LeishVet group presents in this report a review of the current knowledge on FeL, the epidemiological role of the cat in L. infantum infection, clinical manifestations, and recommendations on diagnosis, treatment and monitoring, prognosis and prevention of infection, in order to standardize the management of this disease in cats. The consensus of opinions and recommendations was formulated by combining a comprehensive review of evidence-based studies and case reports, clinical experience and critical consensus discussions. While subclinical feline infections are common in areas endemic for canine leishmaniosis, clinical illness due to L. infantum in cats is rare. The prevalence rates of feline infection with L. infantum in serological or molecular-based surveys range from 0 % to more than 60 %. Cats are able to infect sand flies and, therefore, they may act as a secondary reservoir, with dogs being the primary natural reservoir. The most common clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities compatible with FeL include lymph node enlargement and skin lesions such as ulcerative, exfoliative, crusting or nodular dermatitis (mainly on the head or distal limbs), ocular lesions (mainly uveitis), feline chronic gingivostomatitis syndrome, mucocutaneous ulcerative or nodular lesions, hypergammaglobulinaemia and mild normocytic normochromic anaemia. Clinical illness is frequently associated with impaired immunocompetence, as in case of retroviral coinfections or immunosuppressive therapy. Diagnosis is based on serology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cytology, histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) or culture. If serological testing is negative or low positive in a cat with clinical signs compatible with FeL, the diagnosis of leishmaniosis should not be excluded and additional diagnostic methods (cytology, histology with IHC, PCR, culture) should be employed. The most common treatment used is allopurinol. Meglumine antimoniate has been administered in very few reported cases. Both drugs are administered alone and most cats recover clinically after therapy. Follow-up of treated cats with routine laboratory tests, serology and PCR is essential for prevention of clinical relapses. Specific preventative measures for this infection in cats are currently not available

[Montreal 1976] [Material gráfico]

Contiene fotografías pertenecientes al archivo fotográfico del diario "Región", publicadas entre 1974 y 1976, aunque la mayoría en 1976Todas las fotografías firmadas por Foto E. Gar (Oviedo), Cifra Gráfica, y EF

Juventud y Tribus Urbanas. La casa okupa La Marraketa

[spa] La tesis doctoral explora sobre las manifestaciones culturales juveniles en una casa ocupada en Santiago de Chile. Allí se reunieron jóvenes que formaron su identidad mediante algunos ritos de paso. La música, el vestuario, el lenguaje y la experiencia de vida cotidiana fueron elementos que los congregaron. La casa la Marraketa fue el territorio en donde desarrollaron sus inquietudes y convivieron alrededor de 5 años. La tesis es una narración de la juventud que se completa con información proveniente de fuentes jurídicas e históricas. El aporte de estas disciplinas está relacionado con los diversos estudios que se han llevado a cabo en torno a la juventud en las diferentes épocas, y teniendo en consideración contextos urbanos occidentales. Asimismo, es un relato sobre las ciudades contemporáneas. En este sentido hay una descripción de los problemas por los que atraviesa la juventud en Latinoamérica en los últimos treinta años. La investigación describe el tribalismo urbano haciendo especial hincapié en ciertas manifestaciones de estilo. Hay referencias sobre el movimiento punk, skins y heavy metal. Del mismo modo se establece como hipótesis de trabajo que estas manifestaciones de estilo son importantes en los ritos de pasaje de los jóvenes en su tránsito hacia la etapa adulta. Siguiendo a Clifford Geertz se intenta demostrar que las expresiones culturales juveniles son “programas extragenéticos” que sirven para desarrollar sus identidades dotándolas de un marco amplio de posibilidades simbólicas.[eng] This investigation explore about the cultural manifestations of the squatting in a house of Santiago de Chile. In this place they meet and created an identity by means rites of passage. The music, costumes, language and the experiencie of the daily life were elements for to do possible the comunity of the young people. “La Casa la Marraketa” it was the territory where the young people developed interests. They lived about five years in this place. This investigation is an account of the youth, and is completed with information from juridical and historical sources. The contribution of this disciplines is connected with a many studies about the young people in a different age, and whereas occidental urbans contexts. Also is a report over the contemporary citys. In this senses there is a description of the problems of the young people in Latinoamérica in the last thirty years. The investigation describe the urban tribalism and the style manifestations. There is references about the punk, skins and heavy metal movements. As well it establishes how hypothesis of work that this cultural manifestations between the young people are rites de passage for to pass to the adult stage. In correspondence with the propositions of Clifford Geertz, the doctoral thesis try to prove that the cultural expressions in a young people are “extragenetics programs” that serve for to develop identity in a wide setting of symbolic posibilities

Pyrrethroid resistance in Varroa destructor: Investigating the role of mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel

Entre les majors amenaces de l'apicultura contemporània es troba el parasitisme de Varroa destructor, Anderson & Trueman (Acari: Varroidae). Aquest àcar ectoparàsit altament especialitzat s'alimenta directament de les pupes i els adults de l'abella mel·lífera europea, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), la qual cosa debilita greument a les abelles i les indueix una immunosupressió que desemboca en brots d'infeccions preexistents o vectorizades pels àcars que comprometen la viabilitat de les colònies. El control dels àcars V. destructor es un problema agreujat pel limitat número de tractaments de control disponibles i l'evolució de la resistència a aquests en les poblacions d'àcars. Encara que es disposa de tractaments alternatius no sintètics, la seua eficàcia és variable, ja que els resultats es veuen afectats per factors externs, com les condicions climàtiques, les del rusc i l'aplicació del producte. El desenvolupament d'acaricides sintètics basats en nous ingredients actius és cada vegada més difícil i costós, per la qual cosa sembla poc probable que es puguen comercialitzar nous acaricides eficaços front a V. destructor en un futur pròxim. Per tant, ara cal centrar-se en mantindre l'eficàcia dels acaricides actuals durant el major temps possible; però això es veu amenaçat per l'evolució de la resistència. Per a desenvolupar mesures eficaces de gestió de la resistència a aquests productes, és essencial comprendre el mecanisme molecular subjacent a la resistència en V. destructor, així com els factors dinàmics que influeixen en la incidència dels al·lels de resistència en les poblacions. D'aquesta manera, es pot abordar la amenaça del parasitisme de V. destructor en el context específic del moment, evitant el fracàs del tractament i minimitzant l'aparició de futurs esdeveniments de resistència. En aquesta tesi, hem evidenciat la implicació de les mutacions en la posició 925 del canal de sodi de V. destructor en la resistència als piretroides (capítol 1). Els resultats del nostre seguiment han revelat que, encara que amb una incidència variable, tant els al·lels resistents L925I com L925M estan molt estesos per tot els Estats Units d’Amèrica, sent la causa més probable de la baixa eficàcia del tractament amb piretroides al país (capítol 3). A més, hem trobat per primera vegada la substitució M918L en els àcars V. destructor, associada també amb resistència als piretroides en altres espècies (capítol 2). Els anàlisis filogenètiques donen suport a l'origen únic de cada mutació de tipus kdr en el VGSC de V. destructor, a més d’una estreta relació entre els al·lels L925M i L925I (capítol 2). També hem desenvolupat un mètode de detecció dels al·lels mutants de 925 senzill i assequible basat en una PCR-RFLP que pot adaptar-se com a assaig de rutina en qualsevol laboratori (capítol 4). Conèixer l'eficàcia esperada d'un producte abans de aplicar-lo milloraria sens dubte el resultat en el control de V. destructor en els ruscos a curt termini. De la mateixa manera, disposar d'aquesta informació reduiria els tractaments acaricides innecessaris. Al mateix temps, es minimitzaria la seua acumulació en les matrius dels ruscos, i també es reduiria la probabilitat de que es desenvolupessin noves mutacions resistents en una població d'àcars. A més, un seguiment regular permetrà detectar les fluctuacions dels al·lels resistents i actuar en conseqüència, per exemple, programant un període sense piretroides quan aquests no vagin a ser eficaços. La detecció precisa dels àcars resistents abans del tractament obri una finestra per a una estratègia de gestió de la resistència, dirigida a aconseguir un control suficient de l'àcar; al mateix temps que es protegeix l'eficàcia dels piretroides durant el màxim temps possible. La finalitat d'aquest treball és el d'aportar coneixement sobre les implicacions que aquestes mutacions en la resistència a piretroides en V. destructor, la seua relació evolutiva i la situació actual de distribució. Aquest coneixement pot ajudar a assentar unes bases necessàries per al desenvolupament d'un protocol basat en el Control Integrat de Plagues.One of the largest challenges facing beekeepers today is controlling Varroa destructor mites, a problem exacerbated by the limited number of control products available and the evolution of resistance in mite populations. Pyrethroid compounds have been among the most common treatments for controlling Varroa, strongly used over many generations, even after resistance evolved in the mid 1990s. The mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids in V. destructor has been associated with amino acid substitutions in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), the target protein of pyrethroids. In particular, the mutations found associated with resistance to pyrethroids are substitutions at position 925 of the VGSC (numbered after the housefly para-type sodium channel protein). To date, three different resistant alleles have been described at this position, replacing wild-type Leucine by Valine (L925V), Isoleucine (L925I) or Methionine (L925M). These three resistant alleles are found in different mite populations worldwide, showing certain geographical distribution, with the L925V mutation found in European mite populations, while L925I and L925M were first detected in some hives in the Southeastern USA. In this thesis, we have evidenced the implication of these mutations in the resistance to pyrethroids in V. destructor, by electrophysiological and pharmacological characterization of the wild-type and 925-mutant VGSC. Our study on the distribution of these mutations in the USA territory, have revealed that, although with varying incidence, both L925I and L925M resistant alleles are widespread throughout the USA, being the most plausible cause of pyrethroid treatment failure in the country. In addition, we have found for the first time in V. destructor the M918L substitution, associated with pyrethroid resistance in other arthropod species, in mites collected from apiaries in Spain. Phylogenetic analyses of the gene region linked to position 925 of the V. destructor VGSC revealed a single origin for each resistant mutation and a close relationship between the L925M and L925I alleles. We also developed a simple and affordable detection method of 925-mutant alleles based on PCR-RFLP that can be adapted as a routine assay in any laboratory. Accurate pre-treatment detection of resistant mites opens a window for a resistance management strategy aimed at achieving sufficient control of the mite while protecting the efficacy of pyrethroids for the longest possible time. Knowing the expected efficacy of a product beforehand would undoubtedly improve the outcome of Varroa control in the short term. In the same way, having such information would cut down on unnecessary acaricide treatments. Therefore, they minimise their accumulation in hive matrixes, and also reduce the likelihood of new resistant mutations developing in a mite population. In addition, regular monitoring will allow the detection of fluctuations in resistant alleles and allow us to act accordingly, e.g., by scheduling a pyrethroid-free period when pyrethroids become less effective. The intention of this research study was to shed light on the implications of these mutations on pyrethroid resistance, their evolutive relationship, and present status, with the eventual purpose of establishing some basic keystones to develop an effective Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach. Integrated Pest Management is considered by experts to be the most successful and environmentally friendly approach to deal with arthropod pests. It integrates the use of chemical pesticides in combination with better cultural and biological techniques, minimizing the management impact on the environment. In an IPM approach, pesticide treatments only shall be applied when pest damage suppose an economic loss for the beekeeper, following a phased treatment plan according to need