A space for the living and the dead: The Chalcolithic ditched enclosured settlement of Camino de las Yeseras (San Fernando de Henares, Madrid)

Se presentan los resultados preliminares de la excavación de un gran poblado de fosos calcolítico, cuya situación estratégica ayudó a ser un centro de producción e intercambio de excedentes en materias primas (sílex, granito y piedras metamórficas) y productos agropecuarios e industriales por otros foráneos (cobre, variscita, cinabrio, marfil y oro). Los rituales funerarios son de una gran variedad, individuales y colectivos, en covachas e hipogeos, con o sin ajuar campaniforme, algunos de los últimos con ricos ajuares áureos y ebúrneos. Los datos óseos de algunos inhumados campaniformes apuntan a un aspecto físico muy llamativo en vida, mientras los depósitos con fauna, en composición taxonómica variada, indican una compleja relación simbólica con el mundo animal. El yacimiento resulta clave para un mejor conocimiento del período calcolítico y el impacto campaniforme y sus rituales funerarios en la consolidación y diferenciación de las primeras sociedades metalúrgicas del interior peninsularThe preliminary results are presented of the excavations in a large, ditched enclosured Chalcolithic settlement. The site was probably a central place in the production and long-distance exchange of surplus. The accumulations found of raw materials (flint, granite and metamorphic stones) and agricultural, stockbreeding and industrial products were exchanged by other foreign products (variscite, cinnabar, ivory and gold). Ritual data are also remarkable: a significant number of individual and collective burials have been recorded in pits, small artificial caves and hypogeos, delimited in special areas. The richer burials had Ciempozuelos-style Bell-beaker elements and prestige items, such as gold and ivory beads. Osteomorphic and size features of some Bell-beaker individuals point out a remarkable physical aspect during their life time. The faunal deposits, which included mixed species associations, evidence a complex symbolic relationship with animals. The site is essential for the knowledge of the Chalcolithic period and the impact of Bell-beaker customs and funerary rituals in the consolidation of social inequalities amidst the first metallurgical societies of the interior of the Iberian Peninsul

Traditional building stone in Madrid, Spain: the importance of protecting its historical quarries.

Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Multicenter prospective clinical study to evaluate children short-term neurodevelopmental outcome in congenital heart disease (children NEURO-HEART) : study protocol

Altres ajuts: RETICS funded by the PN 2018-2021 (Spain).Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent congenital malformation affecting 1 in 100 newborns. While advances in early diagnosis and postnatal management have increased survival in CHD children, worrying long-term outcomes, particularly neurodevelopmental disability, have emerged as a key prognostic factor in the counseling of these pregnancies. Eligible participants are women presenting at 20 to < 37 weeks of gestation carrying a fetus with CHD. Maternal/neonatal recordings are performed at regular intervals, from the fetal period to 24 months of age, and include: placental and fetal hemodynamics, fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional echocardiography, cerebral oxymetry, electroencephalography and serum neurological and cardiac biomarkers. Neurodevelopmental assessment is planned at 12 months of age using the ages and stages questionnaire (ASQ) and at 24 months of age with the Bayley-III test. Target recruitment is at least 150 cases classified in three groups according to three main severe CHD groups: transposition of great arteries (TGA), Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction (LVOTO). The results of NEURO-HEART study will provide the most comprehensive knowledge until date of children's neurologic prognosis in CHD and will have the potential for developing future clinical decisive tools and improving preventive strategies in CHD. , on 4th December 2016 (retrospectively registered)

Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia.

Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene &lt;sup&gt;1-5&lt;/sup&gt; . Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes-mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods-from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a 'great divide' genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 BP, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 BP, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a 'Neolithic steppe' cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations

The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain’s gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries

Geología del yacimiento de glauberita de Cerezo del Río Tirón (Provincia de Burgos)

En este trabajo se estudian los depósitos de sulfato sódico terciarios de Cerezo del Río Tirón desde un punto de vista geológico, petrológico y mineralógico. La paragénesis primaria es glauberita+anhidrita+dolomita (calcedonia). Calcita y yeso son minerales secundarios, este último relacionado frecuentemente con la hidratación y disolución incongruente de la glauberita. En este trabajo se ofrecen criterios petrográficos para diferenciar el yeso procedente de la disolución incongruente de la glauberita del procedente de la hidratación de la anhidrita. Los tipos petrográficos de glauberita descritos son: a) glauberita masiva con secuencias granodecrecientes y anhidrita nodular sobreimpuesta; b) capas milimétricas de glauberita alternando con otras dolomicríticas; e) cristales aislados de glauberita dispersos en una matriz dolomicrítica. Se propone un modelo de «lago perenne» para explicar los rasgos generales de los depósitos evaporíticos. Las facies detríticas son interpretadas mediante un modelo lacustre deltaico con secuencias tipo «thining upward» interdigitadas con facies químicas. Los datos isotópicos de los sulfatos (δ34Scd , δ18Osmow) y carbonatos (δ13CPDB, δ180PDB) nos permiten establecer una discusión acerca del modelo teórico de génesis de salmueras. De acuerdo con los datos isotópicos no está claro un origen marino directo de estas salmueras, pero también puede ser rechazado un origen continental estricto. La mezcla de aguas continentales y marinas o la herencia de rocas madres evaporíticas (Trías) son tenidas en cuenta

Optimal Production of Protein Hydrolysates from Monkfish By-Products: Chemical Features and Associated Biological Activities

© 2020 by the authors.The aim of this work was the recovery of protein substrates from monkfish waste (heads and viscera) generated in the on-board processing of this species. Initially, the effect of pH, temperature, and protease concentration was studied on mixtures of a 1:1 ratio (w/v) of monkfish heads/water. The optimal conditions of proteolytic digestion were established at 57.4 °C, pH 8.31, [Alcalase] = 0.05% (v/w) for 3 h of hydrolysis. Later on, a set of hydrolysis at 5L-pH-stat reactor were run under the aforementioned conditions, confirming the validity of the optimization studies for the head and viscera of monkfish. Regarding the chemical properties of the fish protein hydrolysates (FPH), the yield of digestion was higher than 90% in both cases and the degrees of hydrolysis and the soluble protein content were not especially large (<20% and <45 g/L, respectively). In vitro digestibility was higher than 90% and the percentage of essential amino acids ranged from 40 to 42%. Antioxidant activities were higher in viscera FPH, and antihypertensive ability was superior in head FPH. The values of number average molecular weights (Mn) of monkfish hydrolysates were 600 Da in the viscera and 947 Da in the head. The peptide size distribution, obtained by size-exclusion chromatography, indicated that the largest presence of peptides below 1000 Da and 200 Da was observed in the viscera FPH.This research was funded by the project Xunta de Galicia (Grupos de Potencial Crecimiento, IN607B 2018/19).Peer reviewe

Hypophosforemia as a cause of removing mechanical ventilation

La desconexión de la ventilación mecánica (VM) culmina con el restablecimiento del eje faringe-laringo-traqueal mediante la extubación. La mayoría de los pacientes pueden ser extubados rápidamente pero, alrededor de un 20-25%, presentan dificultad para la desconexión y retirada del respirador. Son múltiples las etiologías del fallo en el destete; entre las causas extrapulmonares se encuentran los trastornos electrolíticos. Concretamente la hipofosfatemia está asociada a fallo en el weaning, siendo ésta una causa poco conocida o poco buscada. Presentamos el caso de un paciente donde la detección a tiempo de una hipofosfatemia grave y su corrección permitió la desconexión de la VM con éxito.Desconection of mechanical ventilation (MV) culminates with tracheal extubation. Most patients can be quickly extubated, but about 20-25%, have difficulty disconnection and removal of the respirator. There are multiple etiologies of failure at weaning; between extrapulmonary causes include electrolyte disturbances. Specifically hypophosphatemia is associated with weaning failure, it´s a rare and unknown etiology. We report the case of a patient where early detection of severe hypophosphatemia and correction allowed the VM off successfully