Habilidades de regulación metacognitiva en la resolución de problemas: un camino para el aprendizaje de estructuras aditivas

La presente investigación centra su interés en analizar las ventajas que ofrece la vinculación de habilidades de regulación metacognitiva en la resolución de problemas para el aprendizaje de las estructuras aditivas. El trabajo se llevó a cabo con estudiantes del grado tercero de la Institución Educativa Rural San Judas Tadeo, ubicada en el municipio de El Doncello Caquetá. Se diseñó e implementó una unidad didáctica como instrumento de investigación en tres momentos (ubicación, desubicación y reenfoque). En el momento de ubicación se da evidencia de las diferentes falencias y dificultades de los escolares al solucionar los problemas planteados con estructuras aditivas. En el momento de desubicación se le explicó a los estudiantes la importancia de involucrar las habilidades de regulación metacognitiva: planeación, monitoreo y evaluación para solucionar una situación problema. De esta forma, en la unidad didáctica se planteó una situación problema en la que los escolares a partir del uso de estas habilidades buscaron la mejor solución a la actividad propuesta. Finalmente, en el momento de reenfoque se da evidencia del mejoramiento que alcanzaron los estudiantes frente a la solución de problemas al involucrar las habilidades de regulación metacognitiva en comparación al primer momento. La investigación se desarrolló dentro de una metodología cualitativa, en el que se tuvo encueta el desarrollo escrito de los estudiantes en cada uno de los momentos, que permitieron visualizar como fueron mejorando en las diferentes actividades al involucrar las habilidades de regulación metacognitiva.The present investigative work focuses its interest in analyzing the advantages offered by linking metacognitive regulation skills in problem solving for learning additive structures. The work was carried out with third grade students from the San Judas Tadeo Rural Educational Institution, located in the municipality of El Doncello Caquetá. A didactic unit was designed and implemented as a research instrument in three moments (location, dislocation and refocusing). At the time of location there is evidence of the different shortcomings and difficulties of the schoolchildren when solving the problems raised with additive structures. At the moment of relocation, the students were explained the importance of involving metacognitive regulation skills: planning, monitoring and evaluation to solve a problem situation. In this way, in the didactic unit a problem situation arose in which the schoolchildren, based on the use of these skills, sought the best solution to the proposed activity. Finally, at the moment of refocusing, there is evidence of the improvement that the students achieved in solving problems by involving the skills of metacognitive regulation compared to the first moment. The research was developed within a qualitative methodology, in which the written development of the students was surveyed in each of the moments, which allowed to visualize how they were improving in the different activities by involving metacognitive regulation skills

Internacionalización del currículo y experiencias pedagógicas. Pertinencia y aprendizaje global en educación superior.

La internacionalización en la educación superior con frecuencia es vinculada exclusivamente a la movilidad académica entrante y saliente, tanto de estudiantes como de profesores. No obstante, las tecnologías de la información y comunicación e incluso situaciones ocasionadas por el nuevo coronavirus (COVID19), han llevado a replantear estos y otros imaginarios relacionados con la internacionalización, resaltando la importancia de procesos de internacionalización en casa e internacionalización del currículo. A través de la presente obra, se pretende llevar al lector por una ruta que le permita apropiar algunos conceptos claves de internacionalización en casa, cuyo eje central es la internacionalización del currículo. Se resalta, también, la mirada a la metodología COIL como una herramienta relevante y relativamente sencilla para potenciar la visibilidad nacional e internacional. La segunda parte del texto consiste en presentar experiencias pedagógicas significativas en el aula, pues se busca desvincular la internacionalización del “aeropuerto y el avión” y llevarla al aula de clase. La visión general que ofrece la obra puede permitir al lector tener una idea amplia de lo que implica la internacionalización del currículo y de esa forma facilitar la construcción de currículos pertinentes y equitativos en las instituciones de educación superior

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Propuesta de sistematización del flujo de gestión de la correspondencia de una institución bajo la norma ISO 9001:2008

TESISNA A7.1748 ADMON.IND

Towards an inventory of Mexican tardigrades (Tardigrada): a survey on the diversity of moss tardigrades with an emphasis in conifer forests from the Valley of Mexico Basin

From a large-scale sampling of limnoterrestrial tardigrades in the Valley of Mexico Basin, in the Huasteca Potosina, and Monarch Butterfly Sanctuary, Mexico, we develop an initial species list and determine the type of vegetation and substrates for most sampled species. In total 160 moss samples and over 2000 tardigrades were obtained, belonging to 17 genera, 35 putative species, one subspecies, of which eight could be accurately identified to species or subspecies, three to affinity, and 15 as morpho-species; the remaining samples were identified to genus, mainly due to the few specimens available and their preservation was not optimal. We provide novel records for one genus and two species from the country. Our estimates on five vegetation types and three substrate types indicates that our inventory is incomplete, and as many as twice the number of species may still be found in these ecosystems