Euskal Kostaldeko padura-ekosistemen behin-behineko dinamika eta funtzionamendua = Dinámica y funcionamiento provisional de las marismas de la Costa Vasca

En las marismas marinas de Txipio e Isuskiza que se encuentran en la ría de Plentzia se estudia la ecología de las plantas halófilas, tomando en cuenta los parámetros edáficos más significativos. También se realizaron estudios de los bancos y producción de semillas.Plentziako itsasadarrean kokatzen diren Txipio eta Isuskiza itsas-paduretan landare halofiloen heina ekologikoa ikasi zen, parametro edafiko esanguratsuenak kontuan izanik. Halaber, hazi-bankuen eta hazi-ekoizpenen ikasketak burutu ziren.Dans les marais marins de Txipio et Isuskiza qui se trouvent dans la ria de Plentzia, on étudie l'écologie des plantes halophiles, en tenant compte des paramètres édaphiques les plus importants. Des études ont également été faites sur les banques et la production de graines.The ecology of the halophile plants is studied in the marine marshes of Txipio and Isuskiza that are in the estuary in Plentzia, taking into account the most meaningful edaphic parameters. Studies of the river banks and seed production were also carried out

Mountain Pastures Structure and Its Relationship with Grazing

The present work aims toward an approach to mountain pastures as a system of relationships in which it is needed to point out those environmental factors that reflect more clearly their structure and potential productivity. This initial step of pasture tipification is important as a previous activity before the planning and management of protected areas because these areas support an intensive pastoral activity. In order to achieve this objective a field study was conducted in two areas in the Gorbeia Natural Park (Bizkaia): Arraba and Aldamiñape, located at 900-1100 masl. In each pasture four plots were selected according to orientation (north/south) and slope (\u3c 10%/\u3e 10%), and botanical composition and potential yield determined, as well as the pasture rejected by the livestock at three different times (June-August-November). Besides the herbage biomass yield data were related to grass height. It is observed that the topographical factors studied do not have a clear effect on potential yield at the different areas; however, there is a clear seasonality, being august the period with the highest herbage biomass production. Analyzing the data of herbage rejected by the livestock it is noted a differential livestock distribution on the pasture through the grazing time, being the area of Aldamiñape facing north and with \u3e 10% slope the area with the highest grazing pressure, which in turn is the area with a highest cover degree by Agrostis curtisii, an species of low nutritional value

Soil Enzyme Activities as Bio Indicators of Soil pH and Fertility in Temperate Grassland

In recent years, biological indicators are being used to estimate the continued capacity of a given soil to function (i.e., soil health). After all, biological processes are intimately linked with the maintenance of soil structure and fertility, being more sensitive to changes in the soil than conventional physicochemical parameters. Soil enzymes, as mediators and catalysts of vital soil functions, offer great potential as integrative indicators of soil health (Dick et al., 1996). The main aim of the current work was to study the potential of soil enzyme activities as biological (more precisely, biochemical) indicators of soil physicochemical properties as well as of soil fertility in different temperate grasslands

Txikien hiru ordezkari. Andorra, Monako eta San Marinoko parlamentuen konparaketa

[EU] Parlamentuak, ordezkaritza politikoa gauzatu, eta gizartean dauden ikuskera eta borondate ezberdinen elkarrekintzaren bidez, erabakiak hartzeko balio duten instituzioak dira, oro har. Haien izaera eta botere maila azaltzen duten arrazoiak, historian zehar haietako bakoitzak eta haien herrialdeek bizi izan dituzten gorabeherei lotuak egon ohi dira, eta gaur egun, badira botere hedatuagoa edota izaera testimonialagoa dituztenak. Herrialdez herrialde, beraz, parlamentu eredu ezberdinak daude, eta askoren garrantzia ulertzeko, beharrezkoa da herrialde ezberdinen testuinguruetara jotzea, nahiz eta herrialde batzuk nahiko ezezagunak diren, historia luzea badute ere. Lan honen bidez, kokaleku dituzten herrialdeak ere nahiko ezezagunak diren zenbait parlamentu aztertzea da helburua; horretarako, haien egitura, funtzio eta bilakaera historikoa aztertuko direlarik, besteak beste

Agroecosystem Health Cards: A Practical Tool for Sustainable Management of Grasslands

The traditional grazing activity carried out for centuries in mountainous areas of the Basque Country (Northern Atlantic Spain) facilitated the presence of different extensive pasture habitats, such as those included in the Gorbeia Natural Park and surrounding valleys (43° 02’N, 2° 49’W). Currently, these pastures are highly valued due to the ecosystem services they provide. In this context, one of the main objectives of the LIFE-SOILMONTANA project (ref. LIFE 10 NAT/ES/579) is to develop a practical tool that allows grassland managers (farmers, scientists and authorities) to auto-evaluate the suitability of alternative agronomic practices in relation to the conservation of these ecosystem services through the conservation of their biodiversity, especially soil biodiversity

Neighbors' income, public goods, and well‐being

How does neighbors' income affect individual well‐being? Our analysis is based on rich U.S. local data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which contains information on where respondents live and their self‐reported well‐being. We find that the effect of neighbors' income on individuals' self‐reported well‐being varies with the size of the neighborhood included. In smaller areas such as ZIP codes, we find a positive relationship between median income and individuals' life satisfaction, whereas it is the opposite at the county, MSA, and state levels. We provide evidence that local public goods and local area characteristics such as unemployment, criminality, and poverty rates drive the association between satisfaction and neighbors' income at the ZIP code level. The neighbors' income effects are mainly concentrated among poorer individuals and are as large as one quarter of the effect of own income on self‐reported well‐being

Proyecto de transferencia tecnológica Deteami: tecnologías de procesamiento del lenguaje natural para la ayuda en farmacia y en farmacovigilancia

The goal of the Deteami project is to develop tools that make clinicians aware of adverse drug reactions stated in electronic health records of the clinical digital history. The records produced in hospitals are a valuable though nearly unexplored source of information among others due to the fact that are tough to get due to privacy and confidentiality restrictions. To leverage the clinicians work of reading and analyzing the health records looking for information about the health of the patients, in this project we explore the records automatically, identify among others disorder and drug entities, and infer medical information, in this case, adverse drug reactions. In this project a research-framework was settled with the Galdakao-Usansolo and Basurto Hospitals from Osakidetza (the Basque Health System). Osakidetza provided both the texts and the final user feedback, as well as, specialists that annotate the corpora, an in this way, we obtained a gold-standard.El objetivo del proyecto Deteami es el desarrollo de herramientas para ayudar al personal clínico a identificar reacciones adversas a medicamentos en informes médicos electrónicos de la historia clínica digital. Los informes que se generan en los hospitales son una valiosa fuente de información aún no debidamente explotada debido principalmente a restricciones de privacidad y confidencialidad. Con el objetivo de aliviar el trabajo del personal clínico que se dedica a leer y analizar los informes médicos buscando información sobre la salud de los pacientes, en este proyecto analizamos automáticamente los informes, identificamos entre otras entidades que describen enfermedades y medicamentos, y finalmente, inferimos información médica; en este caso, reacciones adversas a medicamentos. En este proyecto hemos establecido un marco de colaboración con los hospitales de Galdakao-Usansolo y Basurto pertenecientes a Osakidetza (Servicio Vasco de Salud). Osakidetza participa mediante la provisión de los textos y retroalimentando el trabajo técnico con su experiencia, así como expertos que anotan el corpus para la obtención del gold-standard.This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (EXTRECM: TIN2013-46616-C2-1-R, TADEEP: TIN2015-70214-P) and the Basque Government (DETEAMI: Ministry of Health 2014111003, IXA Research Group of type A (2010-2015), ELKAROLA: KK-2015/00098)

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing before first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with dual or triple antibiotic resistance

AIM To evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial susceptibility-guided therapy before first-line treatment for infection in patients with dual or triple antibiotic resistance. METHODS A total of 1034 patients infected by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) during 2013-2014 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. 157 of 1034 (15%) patients showed resistance to two (127/1034; 12%) and to three (30/1034; 3%) antibiotics. Sixty-eight patients with dual H. pylori -resistance (clarithromycin, metronidazole or levofloxacin) were treated for 10 d with triple therapies: OAL (omeprazole 20 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d., and levofloxacin 500 mg b.i.d.) 43 cases, OAM (omeprazole 20 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d., and metronidazole 500 mg b.i.d.) 12 cases and OAC (omeprazole 20 mg b.id., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d., and clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d.) 13 cases based on the antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Twelve patients showed triple H. pylori -resistance (clarithromycin, metronidazole and levofloxacin) and received for 10 d triple therapy with OAR (omeprazole 20 mg b.id., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d., and rifabutin 150 mg b.i.d.). Eradication was confirmed by 13C-urea breath test. Adverse effects and compliance were assessed by a questionnaire. RESULTS Intention-to-treat eradication rates were: OAL (97.6%), OAM (91.6%), OAC (92.3%) and OAR (58.3%). Cure rate was significantly higher in naive patients treated with OAR-10 compared to patients who had two or three previous treatment failures (83% vs 33%). Adverse events rates for OAL, OAM, OAC and OAR were 22%, 25%, 23% and 17%, respectively, all of them mild-moderate. CONCLUSION Antimicrobial susceptibility-guided triple therapies during 10 d for first-line treatment leads to an eradication rate superior to 90% in patients with dual antibiotic H. pylori resistance

Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride intermittent flushing for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults

Background Heparin intermittent flushing is a standard practice in the maintenance of patency in central venous catheters. However, we could find no systematic review examining its effectiveness and safety. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of intermittent flushing with heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) solution in adults with central venous catheters in terms of prevention of occlusion and overall benefits versus harms. Search methods The Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group Trials Search Co-ordinator searched the Specialised Register (last searched December 2013) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2013, Issue 11). Searches were also carried out in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and clinical trials databases (December 2013). Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in adults 18 years of age and older with a central venous catheter (CVC) in which intermittent flushing with heparin (any dose with or without other drugs) was compared with 0.9% normal saline were included. No restriction on language was applied. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently selected trials, assessed trial quality and extracted data. Trial authors were contacted to retrieve additional information, when necessary. Main results Six eligible studies with a total of 1433 participants were included. The heparin concentrations used in these studies were very different (10-5000 IU/mL), and follow-up varied from 20 days to 180 days. The overall risk of bias in the studies was low. The quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate for the main outcomes (occlusion of CVC, duration of catheter patency, CVC-related sepsis, mortality and haemorrhage at any site). Combined findings from three trials in which the unit of analysis was the catheter suggest that heparin was associated with reduced CVC occlusion rates (risk ratio (RR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29 to 0.94). However, no clear evidence of a similar effect was found when the results of two studies in which the unit of analysis was the participant were combined (RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.03 to 1.70), nor when findings were derived from one study, which considered total line accesses (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.40). Furthermore, results for other estimated effects were found to be imprecise and compatible with benefit and harm: catheter duration in days (mean difference (MD) 0.41, 95% CI -1.29 to 2.12), CVC-related thrombosis (RR 1.22, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.99), CVC-related sepsis (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.34 to 3.03), mortality (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.32) and haemorrhage at any site (RR 1.37, 95% CI 0.49 to 3.85). Authors' conclusions We found no conclusive evidence of important differences when heparin intermittent flushing was compared with 0.9% normal saline flushing for central venous catheter maintenance in terms of efficacy or safety. As heparin is more expensive than normal saline, our findings challenge its continued use in CVC flushing outside the context of clinical trials