Why don't we share data and code? Perceived barriers and benefits to public archiving practices

The biological sciences community is increasingly recognizing the value ofopen, reproducible and transparent research practices for science and societyat large. Despite this recognition, many researchers fail to share their dataand code publicly. This pattern may arise from knowledge barriers abouthow to archive data and code, concerns about its reuse, and misalignedcareer incentives. Here, we define, categorize and discuss barriers to dataand code sharing that are relevant to many research fields. We explorehow real and perceived barriers might be overcome or reframed in thelight of the benefits relative to costs. By elucidating these barriers and thecontexts in which they arise, we can take steps to mitigate them and alignour actions with the goals of open science, both as individual scientistsand as a scientific community

The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in July 2014. It pursues three core programs: APOGEE-2,MaNGA, and eBOSS. In addition, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: TDSS and SPIDERS. This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13), which contains new data, reanalysis of existing data sets and, like all SDSS data releases, is inclusive of previously released data. DR13 makes publicly available 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA,the first data released from this survey. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing SEQUELS. In addition to targeting galaxies and quasars, SEQUELS also targeted variability-selected objects from TDSS and X-ray selected objects from SPIDERS. DR13 includes new reductions ofthe SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification. DR13 releases new reductions of the APOGEE-1data from SDSS-III, with abundances of elements not previously included and improved stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. For the SDSS imaging data, DR13 provides new, more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Several value-added catalogs are being released in tandem with DR13, in particular target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS, and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE.This paper describes the location and format of the data now publicly available, as well as providing references to the important technical papers that describe the targeting, observing, and data reduction. The SDSS website, http://www.sdss.org, provides links to the data, tutorials and examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ~6-year operations of SDSS-IV.PostprintPeer reviewe

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median ). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar and APOGEE-2 Data

This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar) accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) survey which publicly releases infra-red spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the sub-survey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey (SPIDERS) sub-survey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated Value Added Catalogs (VACs). This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Local Volume Mapper (LVM) and Black Hole Mapper (BHM) surveys

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median $z\sim 0.03$). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between $z\sim 0.6$ and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z ~ 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z ~ 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially-resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median redshift of z = 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between redshifts z = 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGN and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5-meter Sloan Foundation Telescope at Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5-meter du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in July 2016

Bonnes practiques de parentalités. Outils pour les professionnels

Proyecto europeo PAGE (Parental Guidance and Education 2016-2018)La recomendación Rec (2006) 19 del Comité de los Ministros del Consejo de Europa confirma la dimensión europea de esta preocupación y preconiza la construcción de condiciones que pueden sostener el ejercicio de una "parentalidad positiva”. Define la parentalidad positiva refiriéndose "a un comportamiento paterno fundado sobre el interés superior del niño y de la niña" y recomienda a los Estados miembros organizar sus políticas y sus programas para favorecer la puesta en marcha de acciones destinadas a contrarrestar las situaciones de las vulnerabilidades. En este contexto europeo de preocupación por la promoción de la parentalidad positiva, especialmente en las familias en situación de vulnerabilidad, nace el proyecto Erasmus + PAGE (Parental Guidance and Education 2016-2018. Ref: 2016-1-FR01-KA202-024313) que ha elaborado el compendium de instrumentos que se recoge en esta publicación. Los socios del proyecto PAGE están a favor de una noción "operacional" de la parentalidad (parenting) ya que la intención de las partes interesadas es ofrecer apoyo a la parentalidad particularmente cuando surgen necesidades, cuando las figuras parentales se encuentran en una situación de vulnerabilidad. Este consorcio de ocho socios de cinco países distintos (España, Francia, Italia, Rumania y el Reino Unido) reúne más de una cincuentena de especialistas del apoyo de la parentalidad, investigadores de universidad y profesionales del ámbito social, educativo o médico social. En los cinco países que han colaborado en este compendio, el análisis de las prácticas profesionales y los trabajos de investigación sobre los sistemas que atienden y dan soporte a la infancia y a sus padres, destacan como prioritario la vulnerabilidad de las familias y subrayan ciertos desafíos tales como: - La desfragmentación de los servicios sociales y médicos sociales, escuelas, servicios de la justicia que a menudo trabajan aisladamente, uno tras otro o hasta al mismo tiempo pero sin concertarse - La formación de los profesionales en la intervención en el medio familiar, al reconocimiento y a la valorización de los recursos educativos de las familias, que permita proponer intervenciones de calidad, orientadas sobre las fortalezas y los recursos de las figuras parentales y de los niños. En esta línea, se presenta un compendium de herramientas para profesionales para promover las buenas prácticas profesionales. Cada método o herramienta se presenta en una página siguiendo esta estructura: - El nombre del método o la herramienta de apoyo a la parentalidad, - Identificación de uno o varios principios relativos a la parentalidad positiva tomados de la recomendación europea (2006), - Una presentación general de la metodología o herramienta, - Los objetivos, - Los destinatarios o grupos diana, - La metodología y consejos para los profesionales, - El material, - Referencias bibliográficas Y al final de cada ficha, por si el lector tuviese más interés, encontrará el contacto de la institución socia del proyecto PAGE que tiene experiencia práctica en la utilización del método o de la herramient

Bune practici în educatia parentală instrumente pentru specialiști

Proyecto europeo PAGE (Parental Guidance and Education 2016-2018)La recomendación Rec (2006) 19 del Comité de los Ministros del Consejo de Europa confirma la dimensión europea de esta preocupación y preconiza la construcción de condiciones que pueden sostener el ejercicio de una "parentalidad positiva”. Define la parentalidad positiva refiriéndose "a un comportamiento paterno fundado sobre el interés superior del niño y de la niña" y recomienda a los Estados miembros organizar sus políticas y sus programas para favorecer la puesta en marcha de acciones destinadas a contrarrestar las situaciones de las vulnerabilidades. En este contexto europeo de preocupación por la promoción de la parentalidad positiva, especialmente en las familias en situación de vulnerabilidad, nace el proyecto Erasmus + PAGE (Parental Guidance and Education 2016-2018. Ref: 2016-1- FR01-KA202-024313) que ha elaborado el compendium de instrumentos que se recoge en esta publicación. Los socios del proyecto PAGE están a favor de una noción "operacional" de la parentalidad (parenting) ya que la intención de las partes interesadas es ofrecer apoyo a la parentalidad particularmente cuando surgen necesidades, cuando las figuras parentales se encuentran en una situación de vulnerabilidad. Este consorcio de ocho socios de cinco países distintos (España, Francia, Italia, Rumania y el Reino Unido) reúne más de una cincuentena de especialistas del apoyo de la parentalidad, investigadores de universidad y profesionales del ámbito social, educativo o médico social. En los cinco países que han colaborado en este compendio, el análisis de las prácticas profesionales y los trabajos de investigación sobre los sistemas que atienden y dan soporte a la infancia y a sus padres, destacan como prioritario la vulnerabilidad de las familias y subrayan ciertos desafíos tales como: - La desfragmentación de los servicios sociales y médicos sociales, escuelas, servicios de la justicia que a menudo trabajan aisladamente, uno tras otro o hasta al mismo tiempo pero sin concertarse - La formación de los profesionales en la intervención en el medio familiar, al reconocimiento y a la valorización de los recursos educativos de las familias, que permita proponer intervenciones de calidad, orientadas sobre las fortalezas y los recursos de las figuras parentales y de los niños. En esta línea, se presenta un compendium de herramientas para profesionales para promover las buenas prácticas profesionales. Cada método o herramienta se presenta en una página siguiendo esta estructura: - El nombre del método o la herramienta de apoyo a la parentalidad, - Identificación de uno o varios principios relativos a la parentalidad positiva tomados de la recomendación europea (2006), - Una presentación general de la metodología o herramienta, - Los objetivos, - Los destinatarios o grupos diana, - La metodología y consejos para los profesionales, - El material, - Referencias bibliográficas Y al final de cada ficha, por si el lector tuviese más interés, encontrará el contacto de la institución socia del proyecto PAGE que tiene experiencia práctica en la utilización del método o de la herramienta

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead