“I ALWAYS SWIM BADLY IN THE FINAL”

As coaches we have all experienced the situation where a swimmer starts making destructive or negative comments that impact their ability to perform to their maximum. Such destructive thinking is well known in psychology, for example, amongst clients who experience anxiety or are depressed. In swimmers, we hear them blaming others, feeling guilty, predicting (negative) results before they happen and exaggerating previous negative results. Furthermore, swimmers can experience a mental block in terms of how to overcome an obstacle which, in their minds, seem impossible to overcome. In this talk I will introduce several practical tools and techniques that can be used by the coach to aid the swimmer in thinking in a constructive way. These tools and techniques have been developed in the fields of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and within Life Coaching (sometimes referred to as Executive Coaching) and can be applied over a period of weeks or months, or at the competition site itself. By developing the practical tools that I introduce here, coaches should feel more empowered in dealing with these problems rather than feeling exasperated or annoyed at the negative thoughts of their swimmers

Second-order resummed thermodynamic perturbation theory for central-force associating potential: Multi-patch colloidal models

We propose a second-order version of the resummed thermodynamic perturbation theory for patchy colloidal models with arbitrary number of multiply bondable patches. The model is represented by the hard-sphere fluid system with several attractive patches on the surface and resummation is carried out to account for blocking effects, i.e., when the bonding of a particle restricts (blocks) its ability to bond with other particles. The theory represents an extension of the earlier proposed first order resummed thermodynamic perturbation theory for central force associating potential and takes into account formation of the rings of the particles. In the limiting case of singly bondable patches (total blockage), the theory reduces to Wertheim thermodynamic perturbation theory for associating fluids. Closed-form expressions for the Helmholtz free energy, pressure, internal energy, and chemical potential of the model with an arbitrary number of equivalent doubly bondable patches are derived. Predictions of the theory for the model with two patches appears to be in a very good agreement with predictions of new NVT and NPT Monte Carlo simulations, including the region of strong association

An early record of Culicoides species (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) developing in the dung of game animals in southern Africa

The value of the dung of game animals as a larval habitat for Culicoides species was briefly investigated in 1973/4 in the Kruger National Park, Transvaal, Republic of South Africa. A total of 4 species in the subgenus Avaritia was reared, 3 from elephant dung, 2 from zebra dung and I from the dung of buffalo. These early studies have recently led to more intensive rearing and a better understanding of the systematics of this subgenus in the Afrotropical region.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.lmchunu2014mn201

Evidence for Gropun-Water Stratification Near Yucca Mountain, Nevada

Major- and trace-element concentrations and strontium isotope ratios (strontium-87/strontium-86) in samples of ground water potentially can be useful in delineating flow paths in the complex ground-water system in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Water samples were collected from boreholes to characterize the lateral and vertical variability in the composition of water in the saturated zone. Discrete sampling of water-producing intervals in the saturated zone includes isolating borehole sections with packers and extracting pore water from core obtained by sonic drilling. Chemical and isotopic stratification was identified in the saturated zone beneath southern Fortymile Wash

How to reach a few percent level in determining the Lense-Thirring effect?

In this paper we discuss and compare a node-only LAGEOS-LAGEOS II combination and a node-only LAGEOS-LAGEOS II-Ajisai-Jason1 combination for the determination of the Lense-Thirring effect. The new combined EIGEN-CG01C Earth gravity model has been adopted. The second combination cancels the first three even zonal harmonics along with their secular variations but introduces the non-gravitational perturbations of Jason1. The first combination is less sensitive to the non-conservative forces but is sensitive to the secular variations of the uncancelled even zonal harmonics of low degree J4 and J6 whose impact grows linearly in time.Comment: Latex2e, 22 pag. 1 table, 2 figures, 45 references. Changes in the Abstract, Introduction and Conclusions. Discussion on the non-gravitational perturbations on Ajisai and on the impact of the secular rates of the even zonal harmonics added. EIGEN-CG01C CHAMP+GRACE+terrestrial gravimetry/altimetry Earth gravity model used. Reference adde

Biomechanical risk factors for lower extremity stress fracture

Objectives: Stress fracture injuries disproportionately affect athletes and military service members and little is known about the modifiable biomechanical risk factors associated with these injuries. The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the association between neuromuscular and biomechanical factors upon entry to military service and the subsequent incidence of lower-extremity stress fracture injury during four years of follow-up. Methods: We analyzed data from the JUMP-ACL cohort, an existing prospective cohort study of military cadets. JUMP-ACL conducted detailed motion analysis during a jump landing task at the initiation of each subject’s military career. We limited our analyses to the class years 2009-2013 (i.e., subjects who completed baseline testing in 2005-2008). There were 1895 subjects available for analysis. Fifty-two subjects reported a history of stress fracture at baseline and were excluded from further analysis leaving 1843 subjects. Incident lower extremity-stress fracture cases were identified through the Defense Medical Surveillance System and the Cadet Injury and Illness Tracking System during the follow-up period. The electronic medical records of each potential incident case were reviewed and each case was confirmed by an adjudication committee consisting of two sports medicine fellowship trained orthopaedic surgeons. The primary outcome of interest was the incidence rate of lower-extremity stress fracture during the follow-up period. The association between incident stress fracture and sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane hip and knee kinematics during the jump-landing task were examined at initial contact (IC), 15%(T15), 50%(T50), 85%(T85) and 100%(T100) of stance phase. Descriptive plots of all biomechanical variables along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated during the stance phase of the jump landing task. Univariate and multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association between baseline biomechanical factors and the incidence rate of lower-extremity stress fracture during follow-up. Results: Overall, 94 (5.1%, 95%CI: 4.14, 6.21) subjects sustained an incident stress fracture during the follow-up period. The incidence rate for stress fracture injuries among females was nearly three times greater when compared to males (IRR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.88, 4.34, p<0.001). Compared to those with greater than 5° of knee valgus, subjects with neutral or varus knee alignment experienced incidence rates for stress fracture that were 43%-53% lower at IC (IRR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.29, 1.11, p=0.10), T50 (IRR=0.47, 95%CI=0.23, 1.00, p=0.05), and T85 (IRR=0.53, 95%CI: 0.29, 0.98, p=0.04). Subjects with greater than 5° of internal knee rotation exhibited rates for stress fracture that were 2-4 times higher at T15 (IRR=2.31, 95%CI: 1.01, 5.27, p=0.05), T50 (IRR=3.98, 95%CI: 0.99, 16.00, p=0.05), and T85 (IRR=2.31, 95%CI: 0.86, 6.23, p=0.10), when compared to those with neutral or external knee rotation alignment. Conclusion: Several potentially modifiable biomechanical factors at the time of entry into military service appear to be associated with the subsequent rate of stress fracture. It is possible that injury prevention programs targeted to address these biomechanical movement patterns may reduce the risk of stress fracture injury in athletes and military service members

Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) Items are Associated with the Incidence Rate of Lower Extremity Stress Fracture

Objectives: Lower-extremity stress fracture injuries are a major cause of morbidity in physically active populations. The ability to efficiently screen for modifiable risk factors associated with injury is critical in developing and implementing effective injury prevention programs. The purpose of this study was to determine if baseline Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) scores were associated with the incidence rate of lower-extremity stress fracture during four years of follow-up. Methods: To accomplish this objective we conducted a prospective cohort study at a US Service Academy. A total of 1772 eligible subjects with complete baseline data and no history of lower-extremity stress fracture were included in this study. At baseline we conducted motion analysis during a jump landing task using the LESS. Incident lower-extremity stress fracture cases were identified during the four year follow-up period using the injury surveillance systems at our institution. The primary outcome of interest was the incidence rate of lower-extremity stress fracture during follow-up. The electronic medical records of each potential incident case were reviewed and case status was determined by an adjudication committee consisting of two sports medicine fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons who were blinded to baseline LESS data. The association between baseline LESS scores and the incidence rate of lower-extremity stress fracture was examined for total LESS score and for each individual LESS item. Univariate and multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association between baseline LESS scores and the incidence rate of lower-extremity stress fracture during follow-up. Results: During the follow-up period, 94 incident lower-extremity stress fractures were documented in the study cohort and the cumulative incidence of stress fracture was 5.3% (95%CI: 4.3%, 6.5%). In univariate analyses total LESS score at baseline was associated with the incidence rate of lower-extremity stress fracture during follow-up. For every additional movement error documented at baseline there was a 15% increase in the incidence rate of lower-extremity stress fracture during follow-up (IRR=1.15; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.31, p=0.025). Based on univariate analyses, several individual LESS items at baseline were also associated with the incidence rate of stress fracture during follow-up. Ankle flexion at initial contact (p=0.055), stance width at initial contact (p=0.026), asymmetrical landing at initial contact (p=0.003), trunk flexion at initial contact (p=0.036), and overall impression (p=0.021) were significantly associated with the incidence rate of stress fracture. In multivariable analyses controlling for sex and year of entry into the cohort, subjects who consistently landed flat-footed or heel-to-toe were 2.33 times (IRR=2.33; 95%CI: 1.36, 3.97, p=0.002) more likely to sustain a lower-extremity stress fracture during follow-up. Similarly, subjects who consistently demonstrated asymmetric landing at initial contact were 2.53 times (IRR=2.53; 95%CI: 1.34, 4.74, p=0.004) more likely to sustain a stress fracture during follow-up. Conclusion: These data suggest that specific LESS items may be predictive of lower-extremity stress fracture risk and may be helpful in injury screening and prevention

Planck intermediate results. VIII. Filaments between interacting clusters

About half of the baryons of the Universe are expected to be in the form of filaments of hot and low density intergalactic medium. Most of these baryons remain undetected even by the most advanced X-ray observatories which are limited in sensitivity to the diffuse low density medium. The Planck satellite has provided hundreds of detections of the hot gas in clusters of galaxies via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect and is an ideal instrument for studying extended low density media through the tSZ effect. In this paper we use the Planck data to search for signatures of a fraction of these missing baryons between pairs of galaxy clusters. Cluster pairs are good candidates for searching for the hotter and denser phase of the intergalactic medium (which is more easily observed through the SZ effect). Using an X-ray catalogue of clusters and the Planck data, we select physical pairs of clusters as candidates. Using the Planck data we construct a local map of the tSZ effect centered on each pair of galaxy clusters. ROSAT data is used to construct X-ray maps of these pairs. After having modelled and subtracted the tSZ effect and X-ray emission for each cluster in the pair we study the residuals on both the SZ and X-ray maps. For the merging cluster pair A399-A401 we observe a significant tSZ effect signal in the intercluster region beyond the virial radii of the clusters. A joint X-ray SZ analysis allows us to constrain the temperature and density of this intercluster medium. We obtain a temperature of kT = 7.1 +- 0.9, keV (consistent with previous estimates) and a baryon density of (3.7 +- 0.2)x10^-4, cm^-3. The Planck satellite mission has provided the first SZ detection of the hot and diffuse intercluster gas.Comment: Accepted by A&

Fitting the integrated Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies

Fitting the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies is an almost universally used technique that has matured significantly in the last decade. Model predictions and fitting procedures have improved significantly over this time, attempting to keep up with the vastly increased volume and quality of available data. We review here the field of SED fitting, describing the modelling of ultraviolet to infrared galaxy SEDs, the creation of multiwavelength data sets, and the methods used to fit model SEDs to observed galaxy data sets. We touch upon the achievements and challenges in the major ingredients of SED fitting, with a special emphasis on describing the interplay between the quality of the available data, the quality of the available models, and the best fitting technique to use in order to obtain a realistic measurement as well as realistic uncertainties. We conclude that SED fitting can be used effectively to derive a range of physical properties of galaxies, such as redshift, stellar masses, star formation rates, dust masses, and metallicities, with care taken not to over-interpret the available data. Yet there still exist many issues such as estimating the age of the oldest stars in a galaxy, finer details ofdust properties and dust-star geometry, and the influences of poorly understood, luminous stellar types and phases. The challenge for the coming years will be to improve both the models and the observational data sets to resolve these uncertainties. The present review will be made available on an interactive, moderated web page (sedfitting.org), where the community can access and change the text. The intention is to expand the text and keep it up to date over the coming years.Comment: 54 pages, 26 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio