Tea e neuroplasticidade: Identificação e intervenção precoce / Asd and neuroplasticity: Identification and early intervention

Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre o Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) e a importância da intervenção precoce nos primeiros meses e primeiros anos de vida. Destaca a neuroplasticidade cerebral enquanto avanço da ciência para a amenização dos sintomas, recuperando as habilidades por meio da formação de novas rotas sinápticas. Ao narrar que a intervenção precoce é significativa para a criança com TEA, conduz a refletir se as pessoas que trabalham neste campo estão capacitadas para entender o funcionamento cerebral dessas crianças por manifestarem no comportamento estereotipias, isolamento social e prejuízos de interação dificultado pelo mal uso da linguagem. A constatação destas reflexões caminha em adequar posturas para entender o papel do mediador ao propor estratégias de intervenção e da sua atuação para lidar com as crianças comprometidas, pois toda intervenção acontece dentro de um contexto social e interativo

Cisto de Baker e trombose venosa profunda: um diagnóstico diferencial. relato de caso/ Baker’s cyst and deep vein thrombosis: a differential diagnosis.case report

O Cisto de Baker, ou cisto poplíteo, apresenta-se como um aumento de volume na região posterior do joelho e se localiza entre a cabeça medial do músculo gastrocnêmio e o tendão do semimembranoso. Em adultos, há associação destes cistos com lesões intra-articulares, como as lesões meniscais, osteoartrite, artrite reumatóide e gota.As muitas semelhanças entre os sinais e sintomas do cisto de Baker e da Trombose Venosa Profunda (TVP) fizeram com que a primeira hipótese diagnóstica do caso fosse a TVP, uma doença cardiovascular relativamente frequente, cuja queixa clássica do paciente é a presença de edema e dor no membro inferior que, dependendo do local e extensão do trombo pode envolver a perna ou todo o membro.O objetivo deste estudo é abordar as características clínicas do Cisto de Baker e exames de imagem, demonstrando a evolução do paciente e o diagnóstico diferencial com Trombose Venosa Profunda

Endofibrose arterial: relato de caso/ Arterial endofibrosis: case report

A endofibrose arterial é uma doença vascular que caracteriza-se pelo espessamento arterial com acometimento das artérias ilíaca externa, femoral comum e poplítea. A população de risco inclui os ciclistas e triatletas. Seu quadro clínico inclui dor e claudicação intermitente de membros inferiores durante a prática de atividade esportiva de alta intensidade, devido a diminuição do fluxo sanguíneo ocasionada pela redução do lúmen arterial. O quadro clínico, atípico em pacientes jovens, associa-se à confusão diagnóstica com lesões musculoesquelética e resulta em diagnóstico, tratamento e reabilitação tardios. A avaliação da circulação periférica através da palpação de pulsos e da realização do índice de pressão tornozelo braquial auxiliam o seu diagnóstico, porém, para um diagnóstico preciso desta doença é necessário realizar um Ultrassom Doppler arterial das artérias ilíacas e das artérias dos membros inferiores. O Ultrassom Doppler é um exame não invasivo, pouco oneroso, operador dependente e não exige a administração intravenosa de contraste. O tratamento da endofibrose arterial é cirúrgico

Endofibrose arterial: relato de caso / Arterial endofibrosis: case report

A endofibrose arterial é uma doença vascular que caracteriza-se pelo espessamento arterial com acometimento das artérias ilíaca externa, femoral comum e poplítea. A população de risco inclui os ciclistas e triatletas. Seu quadro clínico inclui dor e claudicação intermitente de membros inferiores durante a prática de atividade esportiva de alta intensidade, devido a diminuição do fluxo sanguíneo ocasionada pela redução do lúmen arterial. O quadro clínico, atípico em pacientes jovens, associa-se à confusão diagnóstica com lesões musculoesquelética e resulta em diagnóstico, tratamento e reabilitação tardios. A avaliação da circulação periférica através da palpação de pulsos e da realização do índice de pressão tornozelo braquial auxiliam o seu diagnóstico, porém, para um diagnóstico preciso desta doença é necessário realizar um Ultrassom Doppler arterial das artérias ilíacas e das artérias dos membros inferiores. O Ultrassom Doppler é um exame não invasivo, pouco oneroso, operador dependente e não exige a administração intravenosa de contraste. O tratamento da endofibrose arterial é cirúrgico

Relato de caso: angina espástica coronariana / Case report: spastic coronary angina

A angina espástica coronariana é síndrome causada por um espasmo focal de uma artéria coronária epicárdica, podendo levar a isquemia miocárdica grave. Essa patologia é comumente mal interpretada como síndrome coronariana aguda. Embora sua fisiopatologia não seja totalmente compreendida, geralmente tem um prognóstico favorável em longo prazo, ainda que os espasmos da artéria coronária possam ter um papel importante na geração de arritmias e subsequente parada cardíaca. Esse trabalho relata um caso com objetivo de revisar os principais métodos diagnósticos para que essa patologia seja adequadamente conduzida na atenção médica especializad

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication