The DExD/H box ATPase Dhh1 functions in translational repression, mRNA decay, and processing body dynamics

Dhh1 is a critical determinant in whether mRNAs are translated, stored, or decayed

Using visual methods to understand physical activity maintenance following cardiac rehabilitation

© 2015 Hardcastle et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Few studies have explored the factors associated with long-term maintenance of exercise following cardiac rehabilitation. The present study used auto-photography and interviews to explore the factors that influence motivation and continued participation in physical activity among post cardiac rehabilitation patients. Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted alongside participant-selected photographs or drawings with participants that had continued participation in physical activity for at least two years following the cardiac rehabilitation programme. Participants were recruited from circuit training classes in East Sussex in the UK. Thematic content analysis revealed seven main themes: fear of death and ill health avoidance, critical incidents, overcoming aging, social influences, being able to enjoy life, provision of routine and structure, enjoyment and psychological well-being. Fear of death, illness avoidance, overcoming aging, and being able to enjoy life were powerful motives for continued participation in exercise. The social nature of the exercise class was also identified as a key facilitator of continued participation. Group-based exercise suited those that continued exercise participation post cardiac rehabilitation and fostered adherence

Community-Level Responses to Iron Availability in Open Ocean Plankton Ecosystems

Predicting responses of plankton to variations in essential nutrients is hampered by limited in situ measurements, a poor understanding of community composition, and the lack of reference gene catalogs for key taxa. Iron is a key driver of plankton dynamics and, therefore, of global biogeochemical cycles and climate. To assess the impact of iron availability on plankton communities, we explored the comprehensive bio-oceanographic and bio-omics data sets from Tara Oceans in the context of the iron products from two state-of-the-art global scale biogeochemical models. We obtained novel information about adaptation and acclimation toward iron in a range of phytoplankton, including picocyanobacteria and diatoms, and identified whole subcommunities covarying with iron. Many of the observed global patterns were recapitulated in the Marquesas archipelago, where frequent plankton blooms are believed to be caused by natural iron fertilization, although they are not captured in large-scale biogeochemical models. This work provides a proof of concept that integrative analyses, spanning from genes to ecosystems and viruses to zooplankton, can disentangle the complexity of plankton communities and can lead to more accurate formulations of resource bioavailability in biogeochemical models, thus improving our understanding of plankton resilience in a changing environment

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Inhibition of HIV-­1 reverse-­transcription by Daxx

Daxx (Death domain-associated protein 6), est une protéine multifonctionnelle exprimée de façon ubiquitaire majoritairement dans le noyau des cellules, où il se trouve associé aux corps nucléaires formés par la protéine PML. En 2015, l’équipe a identifié Daxx comme un facteur de résistance à certains rétrovirus, dont le VIH-1. Daxx cible plus précisément la transcription inverse du VIH-1, une étape essentielle et spécifique du cycle de réplication des rétrovirus, au cours de laquelle le génome viral sous forme ARN est converti en un ADN double brin capable de s’intégrer au génome de l’hôte. Les travaux que nous avons entrepris avaient pour but d’élucider le mécanisme de restriction imposé par Daxx, notamment en identifiant les partenaires impliqués dans cette activité antivirale. Nous avons d’abord montré que la région SIM localisée en C-terminale de Daxx, un domaine qui lui permet d’interagir avec des protéines SUMOylées, était nécessaire à sa fonction inhibitrice. Après différentes mises au point, un crible protéomique complété d’expériences d’immunoprécipitation ont montré que Daxx s’associe aux particules virales entrantes par l’intermédiaire d’une interaction avec la cyclophiline A dépendante de la région SIM de Daxx. Cette interaction est à l’origine de la formation d’un complexe multiprotéique également constitué de TRIM5α, TRIM34 et TNPO3. Sachant que certains de ces facteurs influencent la stabilité de la capside d’une part, et que la transcription inverse est étroitement liée à l’étape de décapsidation, nous nous sommes interrogés sur l’implication de Daxx dans la stabilité des capsides. Nous avons ainsi montré que Daxx stabilise les capsides virales de manière SIM-dépendante. Nos résultats suggèrent que Daxx, en s’associant à la CypA liée aux capsides entrantes par l’intermédiaire de son motif SIM, recrute d’autres partenaires comme TRIM5α, TRIM34 ou TNPO3, ce qui provoque la stabilisation des capsides et empêche la décapsidation et la transcription inverse.Daxx is a multifunctional ubiquitously expressed protein, mainly found in the nucleus, where it associates with nuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies. In a previous study, the team showed that antiviral effect of PML was not direct and identified Daxx as a novel restriction factor which interferes with an early step of HIV-1 and other retroviruses replication cycle. Daxx indeed targets the reverse transcription, an essential step responsible for the RNA viral genome conversion in a double stranded DNA that can integrate in the cellular host genome. In order to decipher the mechanism underlying Daxx-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcription, we sought to identify Daxx’s partners involve in this antiviral activity. We first showed that the C-terminus domain of Daxx called SIM, for SUMO-interacting motif, was required for its antiviral activity. A proteomic screen combined with biochemical approaches showed that Daxx associates with incoming viral cores in a SIM-dependant interaction with cyclophilin A (CypA). Daxx is found in a multiprotein complex associated with incoming viral particles and containing TRIM5α, TRIM34 and TNPO3. Knowing that some of these factors influence HIV-1 core stability, we investigated the effect of Daxx on the fate of incoming viral particles, and showed that Daxx interferes HIV-1 uncoating in a SIM-dependant manner. Altogether, our findings suggest that Daxx interacts with CypA associated with viral capids to recruit a multiprotein complex containing TRIM5α, TRIM34 and TNPO3 in order to stabilize the viral cores thus preventing uncoating and reverse transcription

Inhibition de la transcription inverse du VIH-1 par la protéine Daxx

Daxx is a multifunctional ubiquitously expressed protein, mainly found in the nucleus, where it associates with nuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies. In a previous study, the team showed that antiviral effect of PML was not direct and identified Daxx as a novel restriction factor which interferes with an early step of HIV-1 and other retroviruses replication cycle. Daxx indeed targets the reverse transcription, an essential step responsible for the RNA viral genome conversion in a double stranded DNA that can integrate in the cellular host genome. In order to decipher the mechanism underlying Daxx-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcription, we sought to identify Daxx’s partners involve in this antiviral activity. We first showed that the C-terminus domain of Daxx called SIM, for SUMO-interacting motif, was required for its antiviral activity. A proteomic screen combined with biochemical approaches showed that Daxx associates with incoming viral cores in a SIM-dependant interaction with cyclophilin A (CypA). Daxx is found in a multiprotein complex associated with incoming viral particles and containing TRIM5α, TRIM34 and TNPO3. Knowing that some of these factors influence HIV-1 core stability, we investigated the effect of Daxx on the fate of incoming viral particles, and showed that Daxx interferes HIV-1 uncoating in a SIM-dependant manner. Altogether, our findings suggest that Daxx interacts with CypA associated with viral capids to recruit a multiprotein complex containing TRIM5α, TRIM34 and TNPO3 in order to stabilize the viral cores thus preventing uncoating and reverse transcription.Daxx (Death domain-associated protein 6), est une protéine multifonctionnelle exprimée de façon ubiquitaire majoritairement dans le noyau des cellules, où il se trouve associé aux corps nucléaires formés par la protéine PML. En 2015, l’équipe a identifié Daxx comme un facteur de résistance à certains rétrovirus, dont le VIH-1. Daxx cible plus précisément la transcription inverse du VIH-1, une étape essentielle et spécifique du cycle de réplication des rétrovirus, au cours de laquelle le génome viral sous forme ARN est converti en un ADN double brin capable de s’intégrer au génome de l’hôte. Les travaux que nous avons entrepris avaient pour but d’élucider le mécanisme de restriction imposé par Daxx, notamment en identifiant les partenaires impliqués dans cette activité antivirale. Nous avons d’abord montré que la région SIM localisée en C-terminale de Daxx, un domaine qui lui permet d’interagir avec des protéines SUMOylées, était nécessaire à sa fonction inhibitrice. Après différentes mises au point, un crible protéomique complété d’expériences d’immunoprécipitation ont montré que Daxx s’associe aux particules virales entrantes par l’intermédiaire d’une interaction avec la cyclophiline A dépendante de la région SIM de Daxx. Cette interaction est à l’origine de la formation d’un complexe multiprotéique également constitué de TRIM5α, TRIM34 et TNPO3. Sachant que certains de ces facteurs influencent la stabilité de la capside d’une part, et que la transcription inverse est étroitement liée à l’étape de décapsidation, nous nous sommes interrogés sur l’implication de Daxx dans la stabilité des capsides. Nous avons ainsi montré que Daxx stabilise les capsides virales de manière SIM-dépendante. Nos résultats suggèrent que Daxx, en s’associant à la CypA liée aux capsides entrantes par l’intermédiaire de son motif SIM, recrute d’autres partenaires comme TRIM5α, TRIM34 ou TNPO3, ce qui provoque la stabilisation des capsides et empêche la décapsidation et la transcription inverse

Place d'un centre d'accueil et de crise dans le parcours de soins de patients psychotiques (intérêt dans la prise en charge des premiers épisodes à partir de l'expérience lilloise)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Désinfection chirurgicale des mains par lavage versus friction (comparaison de l'efficacité et des coûts)

POITIERS-BU Médecine pharmacie (861942103) / SudocSudocFranceF