Salivary lysozyme in smoking alcohol dependent persons

The purpose of the study was evaluation the effect of chronic alcohol intoxication and smoking, on the concentration and output of salivary lysozyme. In the study participated 37 persons, consisted of 17 male smoking patients after chronic alcohol intoxication (AS), and 20 control nonsmoking male social drinkers (CNS) with no history of alcohol abuse or smoking. For all participants the DMFT index (decayed, missing, or filled teeth), gingival index (GI) and papilla bleeding index (PBI) were assessed. Resting whole saliva was collected 24 to 48 hours after chronic alcohol intoxication period. Level of lysozyme was assessed by radial immunodiffusion method. The differences between groups were evaluated using Mann-Whitney “U” test. Salivary flow (SF) was significantly lower in smoking alcohol dependent persons than in the control group. It was found a tendency to increase in the concentration of lysozyme and significantly lower lysozyme output in smoking persons chronically intoxicated by alcohol, as compared to the control group. Gingival index was significantly higher in smoking alcohol dependent persons than in the control group, whereas there were no significant differences in PBI and DMFT indexes between these groups. There were no significant correlations between the amount/number and length of alcohol consumption as well as cigarette smoking, and the concentration as well as the output of lysozyme. There were also no significant correlations between salivary lysozyme output/concentration and SF. In conclusion, reduced salivary flow and salivary lysozyme output may impair innate immunity of the oral cavity. Reduced levels of salivary flow and salivary lysozyme output seem to be more likely to be the result of ethanol action than smoking. We confirmed that persons addicted to alcohol and cigarettes have worse periodontal condition than general population, which partially may be due to the decreased protective effect of reduced salivary flow and lysozyme output

The effect of chronic alcohol intoxication and smoking on the output of salivary immunoglobulin A

It was investigated the effect of chronic alcohol intoxication and smoking, on the output of salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA). In the study participated 37 volunteers: 17 male smoking patients after chronic alcohol intoxication (AS) and 20 control nonsmoking male social drinkers (CNS). The DMFT index (decayed, missing, or filled teeth), gingival index (GI) and papilla bleeding index (PBI) were assessed. Levels of IgA were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent method. There were significantly decreased salivary flow (SF) and IgA output in AS, when compared to the CNS. There were no significant correlations between amount of alcohol/cigarettes as well as  duration of alcohol intoxication/smoking, and SF or IgA output, and between IgA and SF. Gingival index was significantly higher in AS than in CNS, and inversely correlated with IgA. It is more probable that SF and IgA decrease, are the result of ethanol action than smoking. Worse periodontal state in smoking alcohol dependent persons than in controls, may be the result of lower IgA protection of the oral cavity due to its decreased output

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements