Revue bibliographique des méthodes de priorisation des maladies animales en europe

La gestion des maladies animales représente des enjeux économique et de santé publique majeurs depuis l’échelle de l’élevage jusqu’à l’échelle européenne voire mondiale. Elle nécessite au préalable que les maladies soient priorisées afin de déterminer la répartition adéquate des moyens disponibles pour la lutte et la recherche. Ceci est d’autant plus vrai que ces moyens sont de plus en plus limités. La revue bibliographique réalisée montre que les méthodes de priorisation des maladies animales sont nombreuses et qu’il est difficile d’envisager une seule approche harmonisée. Il n’en reste pas moins que l’analyse multicritère est la méthode souvent employée car elle permet de prendre en compte simultanément un nombre important de paramètres

Cross-linguistic validity of the French and Dutch versions of the very short form of the physical self-inventory among adolescents

The study tested the cross-linguistic validity of the Very Short form of the Physical Self-Inventory (PSI-VS) among 1,115 Flemish (Dutch version) adolescents, and a comparison sample of 1,103 French adolescents (French version; from Morin & Maïano, 2011). Flemish adolescents also completed a positively worded reformulation of the reverse-keyed item of the physical attractiveness (PA) subscale. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) supported the factor validity and reliability (except for the Dutch PA subscale) of the PSI-VS, and its partial measurement invariance across samples. CFA conducted on the modified version of the Dutch PSI-VS (11 original items plus the positively-worded replacement), presented satisfactory reliability (ω = .67-.89), and was fully invariant across sexes, age groups, and body mass index categories. Additionally, results revealed latent mean differences across sexes and body mass index categories. Therefore, the modified Dutch PSI-VS can be used whenever there is a need for a very short physical self-concept questionnaire

Relations entre la qualité des interactions enseignante-enfants et le développement du raisonnement spatial des enfants de maternelle quatre ans à temps plein en milieu défavorisé

The purpose of this article is to examine the predictive role of the quality of teacher-child interactions on the development of spatial reasoning in full-time kindergarten four-year-old children in underprivileged settings. The matched sample is made up, on the one hand, of 232 children (130 girls, 102 boys) aged 58.29 months (SD = 4.93), and eight teachers holding a baccalaureate, having in average 12.2 years of teaching experience in preschool (SD = 5.45). Multiple mixed-effect regression analyzes showed that dimensions and sub dimensions of the quality of teacher-child interactions significantly and positively predicted the subtests of the spatial reasoning. This study highlights the importance of improving the quality of interactions in order to promote the development of spatial reasoning in four-year-olds.Le présent article a pour but d’étudier le rôle prédictif de la qualité des interactions enseignante-enfants sur le développement du raisonnement spatial chez des enfants de la maternelle quatre ans à temps plein en milieu défavorisé. L’échantillon apparié est composé, d’une part, de 232 enfants (130 filles, 102 garçons) âgés de 58,29 mois (ÉT = 4.93) et de 8 enseignantes titulaires d’un baccalauréat en enseignement, ayant en moyenne 12,2 ans d’expérience en enseignement à l’éducation préscolaire (ÉT = 5.45). Des analyses de régressions multiples à effet mixte montrent que les dimensions et sous-dimensions de la qualité des interactions enseignante-enfants prédisent significativement et positivement les sous-tests du raisonnement spatial. Cette étude soulève l’importance d’améliorer la qualité des interactions enseignante-enfants afin de favoriser le développement du raisonnement spatial des enfants de la maternelle quatre ans

Self-reported interoceptive deficits in eating disorders: A meta-analysis of studies using the eating disorder inventory

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Paul M. Jenkinson, Lauren Taylor, Keith R. Laws, ‘Self-reported interoceptive deficits in eating disorders: A meta-analysis of studies using the eating disorder inventory’, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Vol. 110: 38-45, July 2018, under embargo until 19 April 2019. The Version of Record is available online at DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.04.005Objective: An impairment of the ability to sense the physiological condition of the body – interoception – has long been proposed as central to the onset and maintenance of eating disorders. More recent attention to this topic has generally indicated the presence of interoceptive deficits in individuals with an eating disorder diagnosis; however, possible links with specific diagnosis, BMI, age, illness duration, depression, and alexithymia remain unclear from individual studies. This meta-analysis aimed to provide a necessary quantitative overview of self-reported interoceptive deficits in eating disorder populations, and the relationship between these deficits and the previously mentioned factors. Methods: Using a random effects model, our meta-analysis assessed the magnitude of differences in interoceptive abilities as measured using the Eating Disorder Inventory in 41 samples comparing people with eating disorders (n=4308) and healthy controls (n=3459). Follow-up and moderator analysis was conducted, using group comparisons and meta-regressions. Results: We report a large pooled effect size of 1.62 for eating disorders with some variation between diagnostic groups. Further moderator analysis showed that BMI, age and alexithymia were significant predictors of overall effect size. Conclusion: This meta-analysis is the first to confirm that large interoceptive deficits occur in a variety of eating disorders and crucially, in those who have recovered. These deficits may be useful in identifying and distinguishing eating disorders. Future research needs to consider both objective and subjective measures of interoception across different types of eating disorders and may fruitfully examine interoception as a possible endophenotype and target for treatment.Peer reviewe

L'estime de soi globale et physique à l'adolescence

International audienceObjective. From a data collection conducted among junior high-school students, we propose to assess global and physical self-esteem. Indeed, profound physical changes, psychological and social affect this phase of development of the person and the object of this article is to clarify what are the potential impacts of these changes on self-esteem as a function of age and gender. Methods. 579 junior high-school students of the Midi Pyrenees region, aged 11 to 17 years (M = 13.34, SD = 1.20) have informed the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (1965) and the physical self-inventory (Ninot, Delignières and Fortes, 2000). Results. The reliability of both tools is confirmed from our study sample. The results allow to update significant differences in global and physical self-esteem according to the age and gender of the adolescents. Conclusion. The discussion focuses on the interpretation of gender differences in the assessment of global self-esteem and physical interpretation of the differences in the development of the person.Objectif de l'étude : À partir d'un recueil de données réalisé auprès d'élèves de collège, nous proposons d'évaluer l'estime de soi dans les domaines global et physique. En effet, de profondes modifications physiques, psychologiques et sociales affectent cette phase de développement de la personne et l'objet de cet article est de préciser quelles sont les répercussions possibles de ces transformations sur l'estime de soi en fonction de l'âge et du genre. Sujets : 579 collégien(ne)s de la région Midi Pyrénées, âgés de 11 à 17 ans (M = 13,34 ; ET = 1,20) ont renseigné l'échelle unidimensionnelle de Rosenberg (1965) et l'Inventaire de Soi Physique de Ninot, Delignières et Fortes (2000). Résultats. La fiabilité des deux outils utilisés est confirmée auprès de notre échantillon d'étude. Les résultats permettent de mettre à jour des différences significatives d'estime de soi globale et physique en fonction de l'âge et du genre des adolescent(e)s. Conclusion. La discussion s'oriente sur l'interprétation des différences de genre dans l'évaluation de l'estime de soi globale et physique et sur l'interprétation de différences au cours du développement de la personne

Importance models of the physical self: Improved methodology supports a normative-cultural importance model but not the individual importance model

We examine theoretical and methodological issues associated with the roles of individual and group-normative importance in self-esteem determination. Critical issues include multicollinearity among the physical self-subdomains, which may have affected previous results, and the need for a multidimensional perspective on importance models. Using Lindwall, Aşçi, Palmeira, Fox, & Hagger (2011)’s database, we apply state-of-the-art methodologies, including Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling and the product-of-indicators approach to latent interactions. Positive interactions would be required to support the Individually Importance-Weighted Average model, but none were observed in the multidimensional model, including all interaction effects; nonetheless, some effects were found in the country-based version of the model. Rather, we found support for the alternative Group Importance-Weighted Average model. We conclude that domain-specific self-concepts are weighted differently and thus differentially affect self-esteem, but these weights do not seem to depend on individual differences in importance. Although awaiting confirmation from further studies, our results suggest the idea that individuals use mainly normative importance processes based on cultural factors in weighting each domain specific component of self-concept

An evaluation of the effectiveness of annual health checks and quality of health care for adults with intellectual disability: an observational study using a primary care database

Background People with intellectual disability (ID) have poorer health than the general population; however, there is a lack of comprehensive national data describing their health-care needs and utilisation. Annual health checks for adults with ID have been incentivised through primary care since 2009, but only half of those eligible for such a health check receive one. It is unclear what impact health checks have had on important health outcomes, such as emergency hospitalisation. Objectives To evaluate whether or not annual health checks for adults with ID have reduced emergency hospitalisation, and to describe health, health care and mortality for adults with ID. Design A retrospective matched cohort study using primary care data linked to national hospital admissions and mortality data sets. Setting A total of 451 English general practices contributing data to Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Participants A total of 21,859 adults with ID compared with 152,846 age-, gender- and practice-matched controls without ID registered during 2009–13. Interventions None. Main outcome measures Emergency hospital admissions. Other outcomes – preventable admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions, and mortality. Data sources CPRD, Hospital Episodes Statistics and Office for National Statistics. Results Compared with the general population, adults with ID had higher levels of recorded comorbidity and were more likely to consult in primary care. However, they were less likely to have long doctor consultations, and had lower continuity of care. They had higher mortality rates [hazard ratio (HR) 3.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3 to 3.9], with 37.0% of deaths classified as being amenable to health-care intervention (HR 5.9, 95% CI 5.1 to 6.8). They were more likely to have emergency hospital admissions [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.82, 95% CI 2.66 to 2.98], with 33.7% deemed preventable compared with 17.3% in controls (IRR 5.62, 95% CI 5.14 to 6.13). Health checks for adults with ID had no effect on overall emergency admissions compared with controls (IRR 0.96, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.07), although there was a relative reduction in emergency admissions for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (IRR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.99). Practices with high health check participation also showed a relative fall in preventable emergency admissions for their patients with ID, compared with practices with minimal participation (IRR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.95). There were large variations in the health check-related content that was recorded on electronic records. Limitations Patients with milder ID not known to health services were not identified. We could not comment on the quality of health checks. Conclusions Compared with the general population, adults with ID have more chronic diseases and greater primary and secondary care utilisation. With more than one-third of deaths potentially amenable to health-care interventions, improvements in access to, and quality of, health care are required. In primary care, better continuity of care and longer appointment times are important examples that we identified. Although annual health checks can also improve access, not every eligible adult with ID receives one, and health check content varies by practice. Health checks had no impact on overall emergency admissions, but they appeared influential in reducing preventable emergency admissions. Future work No formal cost-effectiveness analysis of annual health checks was performed, but this could be attempted in relation to our estimates of a reduction in preventable emergency admissions. Funding The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme

Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age.

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset - with data collected between 2020 and 2022 - to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.