289 research outputs found
ANATOMIA DO FĂGADO E VIAS BILĂFERAS DO MUĂUĂ (Kinosternon scorpioides)
Twenty livers of adult muçua were analyzed. The samples were obtained through an
authorization of IBAMA (license nÂș 006/02, process nÂș 0220120011113/2002/81). The animals
were anesthetized with xilazine (1mg/Kg/IM) and ketamine (20mg/Kg/IM). After muscular relaxation,
they were sacrificed by means of an injection of sodium thiopental at 2.5% in the lethal doses of
60mg/Kg/IV). The coelomatic cavity was opened and the liver dissected with the aid of a magnifying
glass. In all the animals the liver was quite voluminous, brown, rectangular in shape, extending
through the whole medium portion of the coelomatic cavity, covering the pancreas, duodenum and
stomach. External fissures divided the liver in 5 lobes: right lateral and median; square; left lateral
and caudate with a papillae process. The liver is maintained in its anatomical position by the pressing
of the coelomatic viscera as well as by the following ligaments: hepatogastric (connecting to the
stomach); hepatoduodenopancreatic (connecting to the duodenum and pancreas); hepatopulmonar
(connecting to the lung); hepatocoelomatic (connecting to the ventral portion of the coelomatic cavity)
and hepatopericardic (connecting to the pericardial bursa). In regard to the bile ducts, it is observed
that branches originated from the hepatic lobes pull together forming the main right and left
ducts, which, together with the cystic duct derived from the gall bladder vesicle, originate the bile
duct. According to these observations we concluded that the liver of the muçua is similar to the
domestic mammals regarding the shape, number, characterization and bile draining of the hepatic
lobe and differs from the ones of the related species such as salamander, snakes and other reptiles.Foram pesquisados 20 fĂgados de muçuĂŁs (Kinosternon scorpiodes) adultos obtidos
mediante autorização do IBAMA (licença nÂș006/02 e processo nÂș 022012001113/2002-81). Os animais
foram anestesiados com cloridrato de xilazina (1 mg/Kg/IM) e cloridrato de quetamina (20 mg/Kg/IM) e
após relaxamento muscular, foram sacrificados através da aplicação de tiopental sódico a 2,5%, na
dose letal de 60 mg/Kg/EV. Em seguida prosseguiu-se com a abertura da cavidade pleuroperitoneal e
a dissecação do órgão, auxiliada por lupa. Em 100% dos animais estudados aquele órgão apresentase
como um fĂgado bastante volumoso, de formato retangular, coloração marrom, se estendendo por
toda a porção média da cavidade pleuroperitoneal, envolvendo o pùncreas, duodeno e o estÎmago.
Apresenta-se dividido, por fissuras externas, em cinco lobos: lateral e medial direitos, quadrado, lateral
esquerdo, e caudato, este com o processo papilar. O fĂgado encontra-se mantido na posição anatĂŽmica
pela pressĂŁo das vĂsceras pleuroperitoneais e pelos ligamentos, quais sejam, hepatogĂĄstrico (ligandoo
ao estĂŽmago), hepatoduodenopancreĂĄtico (ligando-o ao duodeno e pĂąncreas), hepatopulmonar
(ligando-o ao pulmão), hepatopleuroperitoneal (ligando-o à porção ventral da cavidade pleuroperitoneal)
e hepatopericĂĄrdico (ligando-o ao saco pericĂĄrdico). Quanto Ă s vias bilĂferas, observa-se que sĂŁo
formadas por ramos oriundos dos lobos hepĂĄticos, que se juntam formando os ductos principais direito
e esquerdo, os quais, juntamente com o ducto cĂstico, oriundo da vesĂcula biliar, formam o ducto colĂ©doco.
De acordo com as observaçÔes realizadas sobre a morfologia externa, conclui-se que o fĂgado do
muçuĂŁ assemelha-se ao dos principais mamĂferos domĂ©sticos, no que se refere Ă forma, nĂșmero,
caracterização e drenagem biliar dos lobos hepåticos, diferindo, entretanto, do das espécies mais
próximas, como as salamandras, cobras e outros répteis
Clinical outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia: evaluation of genetic and molecular findings in a real-life setting
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Centrally acting adrenomedullin in the long-term potentiation of sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity induced by intermittent hypoxia in rats
Role of ventral medullary catecholaminergic neurons for respiratory modulation of sympathetic outflow in rats
Abstract Sympathetic activity displays rhythmic oscillations generated by brainstem inspiratory and expiratory neurons. Amplification of these rhythmic respiratory-related oscillations is observed in rats under enhanced central respiratory drive or during development of neurogenic hypertension. Herein, we evaluated the involvement of ventral medullary sympatho-excitatory catecholaminergic C1 neurons, using inhibitory Drosophila allatostatin receptors, for the enhanced expiratory-related oscillations in sympathetic activity in rats submitted to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and following activation of both peripheral (hypoxia) and central chemoreceptors (hypercapnia). Pharmacogenetic inhibition of C1 neurons bilaterally resulted in reductions of their firing frequency and amplitude of inspiratory-related sympathetic activity in rats in normocapnia, hypercapnia or after CIH. In contrast, hypercapnia or hypoxia-induced enhanced expiratory-related sympathetic oscillations were unaffected by C1 neuronal inhibition. Inhibition of C1 neurons also resulted in a significant fall in arterial pressure and heart rate that was similar in magnitude between normotensive and CIH hypertensive rats, but basal arterial pressure in CIH rats remained higher compared to controls. C1 neurons play a key role in regulating inspiratory modulation of sympathetic activity and arterial pressure in both normotensive and CIH hypertensive rats, but they are not involved in the enhanced late-expiratory-related sympathetic activity triggered by activation of peripheral or central chemoreceptors
Estimating the opportunity costs of environmental conservation in the FeijĂŁo River watershed (SĂŁo Carlos-SP, Brazil)
Experimental Trypanosoma evansi infection in donkeys: hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes
Anatomical and radiographic appearance of the capuchin monkey thoracic cavity (Cebus apella)
Potentiation of 5-fluorouracil encapsulated in zeolites as drug delivery systems for in vitro models of colorectal carcinoma
The studies of potentiation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a traditional drug used in the treatment of several cancers, including colorectal (CRC), were carried out with zeolites Faujasite in the sodium form, with different particle sizes (NaY, 700nm and nanoNaY, 150nm) and Linde type L in the potassium form (LTL) with a particle size of 80nm. 5-FU was loaded into zeolites by liquid-phase adsorption. Characterization by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C and 27Al solid-state MAS NMR), chemical analysis, thermal analysis (TGA), nitrogen adsorption isotherms and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), demonstrated the successful loading of 5-FU into the zeolite hosts. In vitro drug release studies (PBS buffer pH 7.4, 37°C) revealed the release of 80-90% of 5-FU in the first 10min. To ascertain the drug release kinetics, the release profiles were fitted to zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell, Korsmeyer-Peppas and Weibull kinetic models. The in vitro dissolution from the drug delivery systems (DDS) was explained by the Weibull model. The DDS efficacy was evaluated using two human colorectal carcinoma cell lines, HCT-15 and RKO. Unloaded zeolites presented no toxicity to both cancer cells, while all DDS allowed an important potentiation of the 5-FU effect on the cell viability. Immunofluorescence studies provided evidence for zeolite-cell internalization.RA is recipient of fellowship SFRH/BI/51118/2010 from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal). This work was supported by the FCT projects refs. PEst-C/QUI/UI0686/2011 and PEst-C/CTM/LA0011/2011 and the Centre of Chemistry and Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (University of Minho, Portugal). The NMR spectrometer is part of the National NMR Network (RNRMN), supported with funds from FCT/QREN (Quadro de Referencia Estrategico Nacional)
SOWS AND PIGLETS THERMAL COMFORT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE TILES USED IN THE FARROWING HOUSING
Measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Measurements are presented of production properties and couplings of the recently discovered Higgs boson using the decays into boson pairs, H âÎł Îł, H â Z Zâ â4l and H âW Wâ âlÎœlÎœ. The results are based on the complete pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at centre-of-mass energies of âs = 7 TeV and âs = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 25 fbâ1. Evidence for Higgs boson production through vector-boson fusion is reported. Results of combined ïŹts probing Higgs boson couplings to fermions and bosons, as well as anomalous contributions to loop-induced production and decay modes, are presented. All measurements are consistent with expectations for the Standard Model Higgs boson
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