Neuroprotective effects of exercise with hydroalcoholic extraction of Eriobotrya japonica on MANF in the Brainstem of parkinson’s rats

زمینه و هدف: عصاره هیدروالکی گل گیاه ازگیل ژاپنی غنی از ترکیبات فنلی است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر محافظتی 12 هفته تمرین چرخ دوار همراه با عصاره گل گیاه ازگیل ژاپنی بر ضایعه القاء شده با تزریق درون بطنی 6- هیدروکسی دوپامین در سطح فاکتور نروتروفیکی مشتق آستروسیتی ساقه مغز (MANF) در موش های پارکینسونی انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 50 سر موش به گروه های پایه، کنترل پارکینسونی، تمرین سالم، تمرین- ارکینسون، عصاره- پارکینسون و تمرین– عصاره- پارکینسون تقسیم شدند. گروه های تمرینی 12 هفته روی چرخ دوار تمرین کردند. گروه های دریافت کننده عصاره نیز به مدت 12 هفته و هر هفته 3 بار عصاره را به میزان 200 میلی گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن دریافت کردند. ایجاد مدل پارکینسونی با تزریق محلول 6- هیدروکسی دوپامین (6-OHDA) به صورت استریوتاکسی به داخل بطن راست مغز صورت گرفت. سطح MANF ساقه مغز با روش الیزا اندازه گیری گردید. یافته ها: ورزش اختیاری و مصرف عصاره هر کدام به تنهایی از کاهش سطح MANF در موش های مبتلا شده به پارکینسون جلوگیری کردند (001/0=P). سطح MANF در گروه تمرین سالم افزایش (001/0=P) و در گروه کنترل پارکینسونی کاهش داشت. اما ترکیب تمرین و مصرف عصاره نتوانست از کاهش سطح MANF پیشگیری کند (169/0=P). نتیجه گیری: عصاره گل گیاه ازگیل ژاپنی و تمرین می توانند باعث محافظت نرونی در برابر استرس ناشی از تزریق درون بطنی 6-OHDA شود و نقش حفاظتی در برابر بیماری پارکینسون دارد

Effect of exercise on Mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor levelsin the striatum of rats suffering from Parkinsons

Background and aims: The aim of this study, regarding the results of the previous researches and the effects of voluntary exercise on neurotrophic factors in treating PD, was to evaluate changes MANF level of rats` stratum exposed to neurotoxin injected by the stereotaxic surgery following the four weeks of treadmill running. Methods: Twenty four rats were divided into four groups: Sham, Parkinson control, Parkinson exercise, and healthy control. Exercise group exercised for 4 weeks, 5 days per week and 2 15-minute sessions having at least 1 h interval. The purpose of injecting 6-OHDA into the brain striatum was to create an experimental model of PD. Three weeks after the injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), Apo morphine rotational test was carried out in order to verify the rats with Parkinson latest. MANF levels in the striatum were measured by ELISA. Data was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test. Results: The findings showed that there is a significant difference in the striatum MANF level of Parkinson control group (26.91±9 pg/mg) compared to the healthy control group (45.22±2 pg/mg) (P≤0.05). Furthermore, the striatum MANF level in Parkinson exercise group (29.35±2 pg/mg) had an increase in comparison with the Parkinson control group (26.91±9 pg/mg), but the difference was not significant (P=0.997). Conclusion: This research has shown that performing treadmill running program cannot increase the MANF level of striatum. Therefore, we cannot decisively consider a neural protective role for this training protocol and it necessitates further studies

The protective effect of medicinal herbs extracts including Cynara scolymus L., Cichorium intybus L. Taraxacum officinal L. and Berberis vulgaris L. in single and in combination form in CCl4 induced rat liver toxicity

Background: Several herbal remedies are used in traditional medicine for treatment of liver disorders, but their efficacy, safety, and dosage have not been investigated so far. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the liver protective effects of medicinal herbs extracts such as Cynara scolymus leave (artichok), Cichorium intybus roots (chichory), Taraxacum officinale root (dandelium), Berberis vulgaris (barberry) root and stems extract in single and in combination form against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver toxicity. Methods: Total 70 wistar male rat, aged 5 months were divided in 7 groups of 10 rats each. One group kept as normal and out of six CCl4 intoxicated groups one served as control, one received mixture of four extract and four groups received artichok, chichory, dandelium, and barberry in the dosage of 150, 300, 300 and 250 mg/kg/day respectively. The plant extracts were injected intra peritoneal simultaneously with intoxication for three days. Three days after intoxication and extract treatments the serum liver enzymes levels such as ALT, AST and ALP as well as serum gluthathion and catalase were determined. Results: In group receiving mixture of 4 herbal extract the blood level of ALT, AST and ALP were reduced significantly as compared to control group. In all the groups receiving herbal extracts the serum glutathione and catalase levels did not differ as compared to control groups. Conclusion: In the present study administration of chichory, artichoke, dandelium and barberry in combination form prevent liver intoxication withought influence on serum antioxidant properties

Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017 : A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Core stability non-specific LBP

Context: Pain and altered motor control are consequences of chronic low back pain. Objectives: The present study investigated the effects of 6-week Swiss ball core stabilization on pain and lumbopelvic motor control in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain (LBP). Design: This is a randomized clinical pilot study. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: Twenty-four patients (12 females) with nonspecific chronic LBP (mean [SD]: age=42.08 [7.05] y) participated. Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control (n=12) groups. The experimental group performed core stability exercises for six weeks, and the control group received routine physical therapy. Main Outcome Measures: Pain and motor control were assessed at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and at follow-up. Results: Core intervention led to a significant increase in motor control in post-test (P<.001, Cohen’s d=6.04) but not in follow-up, and a significant decrease in pain intensity in post-test (P<.001, Cohen’s d=3.31) and follow-up (P<.001, Cohen’s d=2.98). Also, significant differences were observed between the two groups for all outcome measures after the intervention (P<.05). Conclusion: Compared to routine physical therapy, the six-week core stability exercises on Swiss ball resulted in improvements in pain intensity and lumbopelvic motor control in patients with nonspecific chronic LBP

core-hopping-kinetic-aclr

Safe return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery is important. Core stabilization is common within rehabilitation, but its influence on hopping performance and single-leg landing kinetics among athletes post-ACLR is unclear. Twenty-four male professional athletes who had ACL reconstruction surgery (time since surgery = 11.47 ± 1.55 months) were recruited and randomly assigned to exercise (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. Exercise group received an 8-week core stability exercise program. Limb symmetry index (LSI) for single-leg hop for distance (SLH) and triple hop (TRH) tests, and single-leg landing kinetics (multidirectional ground reaction forces) were measured pre- and post-intervention. In post-test, the participants in exercise group were more symmetrical in SLH (P = .04, CI =0.01-7.68) and TRH (P = .01, CI = 0.28-11.1) distances. They also improved their LSI values for vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), though not significantly (P<.05). LSI for anteroposterior (a-p) and mediolateral (m-l) GRFs remained unchanged for participants of both groups. Our findings indicate the positive effect of core exercise on decreasing between-limb asymmetries during SLH and TLH tests. Our results demonstrate that despite lack of change in kinetics, functional performance is more symmetrical following core stability training.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Core stability non-specific LBP

Context: Pain and altered motor control are consequences of chronic low back pain. Objectives: The present study investigated the effects of 6-week Swiss ball core stabilization on pain and lumbopelvic motor control in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain (LBP). Design: This is a randomized clinical pilot study. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: Twenty-four patients (12 females) with nonspecific chronic LBP (mean [SD]: age=42.08 [7.05] y) participated. Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control (n=12) groups. The experimental group performed core stability exercises for six weeks, and the control group received routine physical therapy. Main Outcome Measures: Pain and motor control were assessed at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and at follow-up. Results: Core intervention led to a significant increase in motor control in post-test (P<.001, Cohen’s d=6.04) but not in follow-up, and a significant decrease in pain intensity in post-test (P<.001, Cohen’s d=3.31) and follow-up (P<.001, Cohen’s d=2.98). Also, significant differences were observed between the two groups for all outcome measures after the intervention (P<.05). Conclusion: Compared to routine physical therapy, the six-week core stability exercises on Swiss ball resulted in improvements in pain intensity and lumbopelvic motor control in patients with nonspecific chronic LBP.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV