Confiabilidade da declaração da causa básica de óbitos neonatais: implicações para o estudo da mortalidade prevenível

The main causes of neonatal mortality, the reliability of the underlying cause of death registered in the death certificate, and the impact of problems of reliability on the analysis of preventable death were studied. The information on death certificates from a 15% sample of neonatal deaths between May 1986 and April 1987 in the Greater Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro was compared to the information in the hospital records of the 452 deceased infants. A "modified underlying cause" considered most correct according to disease classification rules was identified from the records. The great majority of deaths (87%) were due to perinatal causes. Agreement between the originally declared and modified underlying causes of death was poor: 38% for 3 digits of the International Classification of Diseases Codes (CID-9) and 33% for 4 digits. The modified underlying causes are more weighted towards maternal conditions and complications, which increased by a factor of 12.8, and towards complications of the placenta, umbilical cord, labour and delivery, which rose by a factor of 6.2 in relation to the original causes. The utilization of the "modified" underlying cause elevated considerably (58%) the proportion of deaths considered reducible by the classification of neonatal death proposed by the SEADE Foundation. Seventy-five percent (75%) of deaths were considered reducible or partially reducible. One hundred and seven (24%) of the deaths of them being in infants of normal birthweight, of which 60% considered preventable. Four (4) deaths from congenital syphilis, 3 from perinatal hemolytic diseases, and 21 unattended home deaths of infants were also identified. In summary, important problems were identified in the reliability of the declaration of the underlying causes of neonatal death, whose correction tends to elevate the proportion considered reducible or preventable. The potential for the use of death certificate data for the monitoring of quality is evident, nonetheless improvements are needed in the quality of these data.Analisam-se as principais causas de morte neonatal, a confiabilidade da causa básica constante nas declarações de óbito e o impacto dos problemas de confiabilidade na análise de morte prevenível. A informação constante nas declarações de óbito de urna amostra de 15% dos óbitos neonatais, ocorridos entre maio de 1986 e abril de 1987, na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, é comparada com a dos prontuários hospitalares de 452 crianças falecidas. Identificou-se no prontuário o diagnóstico, denominado "causa básica modificada", considerada mais correta segundo as regras de classificação de doenças. A grande maioria dos óbitos foram devidos às causas perinatais (87%). A concordância simples entre a causa básica original e a modificada foi baixa - 38% para 3 dígitos da Classificação Internacional de Doenças e 33% para 4 dígitos. As causas básicas modificadas mostram maior peso das afecções e complicações maternas, com aumento de 12,8 vezes, e das complicações relacionadas com a placenta, cordão, trabalho de parto ou parto, que aumentaram 6,2 vezes em relação as causas originalmente declaradas. A utilização da causa básica modificada elevou consideravelmente (58%) o percentual de óbitos considerados "reduzíveis" pela classificação de mortalidade neonatal proposta pela Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados. Do total dos óbitos, 75% foram considerados reduzíveis ou parcialmente reduzíveis. Foram identificados 107 (24%) óbitos em crianças com adequado peso ao nascer, 60% dos quais foram considerados como reduzível ou parcialmente reduzível, bem como 4 óbitos por sífilis congênita, 3 por doença hemolítica perinatal, e 21 crianças que vieram a morrer no domicílio. Em conclusão, foram constatados importantes problemas na confiabilidade da declaração da causa básica de óbitos neonatais, cuja correção tende a elevar a proporção considerada reduzível ou prevenível. Fica evidente o potencial de utilização do atestado de óbito para o monitoramento de qualidade, entretanto sendo necessário um aprimoramento da qualidade do seu preenchimento

Changes in energy content of lunchtime purchases from fast food restaurants after introduction of calorie labelling: cross sectional customer surveys

Objective To assess the impact of fast food restaurants adding calorie labelling to menu items on the energy content of individual purchases

Dynamical properties of Au from tight-binding molecular-dynamics simulations

We studied the dynamical properties of Au using our previously developed tight-binding method. Phonon-dispersion and density-of-states curves at T=0 K were determined by computing the dynamical-matrix using a supercell approach. In addition, we performed molecular-dynamics simulations at various temperatures to obtain the temperature dependence of the lattice constant and of the atomic mean-square-displacement, as well as the phonon density-of-states and phonon-dispersion curves at finite temperature. We further tested the transferability of the model to different atomic environments by simulating liquid gold. Whenever possible we compared these results to experimental values.Comment: 7 pages, 9 encapsulated Postscript figures, submitted to Physical Review

Competition of Zener and polaron phases in doped CMR manganites

Inspired by the strong experimental evidence for the coexistence of localized and itinerant charge carriers close to the metal-insulator transition in the ferromagnetic phase of colossal magnetoresistive manganese perovskites, for a theoretical description of the CMR transition we propose a two-phase scenario with percolative characteristics between equal-density polaron and Zener band-electron states. We find that the subtle balance between these two states with distinctly different electronic properties can be readily influenced by varying physical parameters, producing various ``colossal'' effects, such as the large magnetization and conductivity changes in the vicinity of the transition temperature.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Prevalence and Predictors of Loss of Wild Type BRCA1 in Estrogen Receptor Positive and Negative BRCA1-Associated Breast Cancers

Introduction: The majority of breast cancers that occur in BRCA1 mutation carriers (BRCA1 carriers) are estrogen receptor-negative (ER-). Therefore, it has been suggested that ER negativity is intrinsic to BRCA1 cancers and reflects the cell of origin of these tumors. However, approximately 20% of breast cancers that develop in BRCA1 carriers are ER-positive (ER+); these cancers are more likely to develop as BRCA1 carriers age, suggesting that they may be incidental and unrelated to BRCA1 deficiency. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of loss of heterozygosity due to loss of wild type (wt) BRCA1 in ER+ and ER- breast cancers that have occurred in BRCA1 carriers and to determine whether age at diagnosis or any pathologic features or biomarkers predict for loss of wt BRCA1 in these breast cancers. Methods: Relative amounts of mutated and wt BRCA1 DNA were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction performed on laser capture microdissected cancer cells from 42 ER+ and 35 ER- invasive breast cancers that developed in BRCA1 carriers. BRCA1 gene methylation was determined on all cancers in which sufficient DNA was available. Immunostains for cytokeratins (CK) 5/6, 14, 8 and 18, epidermal growth factor receptor and p53 were performed on paraffin sections from tissue microarrays containing these cancers. Results: Loss of wt BRCA1 was equally frequent in ER+ and ER- BRCA1-associated cancers (81.0% vs 88.6%, respectively; P = 0.53). One of nine cancers tested that retained wt BRCA1 demonstrated BRCA1 gene methylation. Age at diagnosis was not significantly different between first invasive ER+ BRCA1 breast cancers with and without loss of wt BRCA1 (mean age 45.2 years vs 50.1 years, respectively; P = 0.51). ER+ BRCA1 cancers that retained wt BRCA1 were significantly more likely than those that lost wt BRCA1 to have a low mitotic rate (odds ratio (OR), 5.16; 95% CI, 1.91 to ∞). BRCA1 cancers with loss of wt BRCA1 were more likely to express basal cytokeratins CK 5/6 or 14 (OR 4.7; 95% CI, 1.85 to ∞). Conclusions: We found no difference in the prevalence of loss of wt BRCA1 between ER+ and ER- invasive BRCA1-associated breast cancers. Our findings suggest that many of the newer therapies for BRCA1 breast cancers designed to exploit the BRCA1 deficiency in these cancers may also be effective in ER+ cancers that develop in this population

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011

Measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements are presented of production properties and couplings of the recently discovered Higgs boson using the decays into boson pairs, H →γ γ, H → Z Z∗ →4l and H →W W∗ →lνlν. The results are based on the complete pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 25 fb−1. Evidence for Higgs boson production through vector-boson fusion is reported. Results of combined fits probing Higgs boson couplings to fermions and bosons, as well as anomalous contributions to loop-induced production and decay modes, are presented. All measurements are consistent with expectations for the Standard Model Higgs boson

Measurement of the top quark-pair production cross section with ATLAS in pp collisions at \sqrt{s}=7\TeV

A measurement of the production cross-section for top quark pairs(\ttbar) in $pp$ collisions at \sqrt{s}=7 \TeV is presented using data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are selected in two different topologies: single lepton (electron $e$ or muon $\mu$) with large missing transverse energy and at least four jets, and dilepton ($ee$, $\mu\mu$ or $e\mu$) with large missing transverse energy and at least two jets. In a data sample of 2.9 pb-1, 37 candidate events are observed in the single-lepton topology and 9 events in the dilepton topology. The corresponding expected backgrounds from non-\ttbar Standard Model processes are estimated using data-driven methods and determined to be $12.2 \pm 3.9$ events and $2.5 \pm 0.6$ events, respectively. The kinematic properties of the selected events are consistent with SM \ttbar production. The inclusive top quark pair production cross-section is measured to be \sigmattbar=145 \pm 31 ^{+42}_{-27} pb where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The measurement agrees with perturbative QCD calculations.Comment: 30 pages plus author list (50 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, CERN-PH number and final journal adde