AVALIAÇÃO DO EFEITO GENOTÓXICO DA MEMBRANA POLIHIDROXIBUTIRATO/NORBIXINA/ETILENOGLICOL

Biomateriais são substâncias de origem sintética ou natural que substituem e/ou estimulam sistemas biológicos que deixaram de ter suas funções, como exemplo a restauração de funções teciduais. Tendo em vista o potencial antioxidante da norbixina (carotenoide dicarboxílico encontrado na Bixa orellana L.) e de biodegradabilidade e biocompatibilidade do polihidroxibutirato (PHB) (polímero natural sintetizado a partir de bactérias), objetivou-se preparar uma membrana a partir destes dois constituintes com a adição do reagente etilenoglicol (PHB/norbixina/etilenoglicol) para avaliar seus efeitos genotóxico por meio do teste de micronúcleo. Para este estudo, 15 ratos foram divididos em 3 grupos: A - a membrana foi introduzida no peritônio dos animais através de uma laparotomia; B - apenas uma laparotomia com água destilada; C - injeção de ciclofosfamida em dose única de 50 mg / kg por via intraperitoneal. Foi coletado material de medula óssea de cada rato para realizar o teste de micronúcleo. Em conclusão, o teste de micronúcleo sugere que a membrana não é genotóxica

Minha profissão é a literatura : travessias da autoria feminina

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Aspectos anatomopatológicos do paciente portador de Pneumonia: Anatomopathological aspects of the patient with Pneumonia

A pneumonia condiz a uma condensação inflamatória aguda dos alvéolos e/ou infiltração tecidual intersticial pulmonar que resulta da ação de células inflamatórias em resposta a injúrias de um determinado agente microbiano. A patologia conforme o local de aquisição, o padrão de comprometimento, o agente etiológico são determinantes para o quadro clínico, lesões e achados radiográficos. O seguinte artigo objetivou descrever através da revisão bibliográfica, os aspectos gerais da pneumonia com foco em abordar os aspectos anatomopatológicos desta enfermidade. Trata-se  de  um  estudo qualitativo  de  revisão  narrativa,  elaborado  para  abordar  sobre os aspectos anatomopatológicos do paciente portador de pneumonia.  É composta por uma análise ampla da literatura, e com uma metodologia rigorosa e replicável ao nível de reprodução de dados e questões quantitativas para resoluções específicas.  Conforme as informações disponíveis na literatura, elucida-se que os pulmões contam com um aparato de mecanismos de defesa. Mas, mediante injúrias e agentes agressores geram um desequilíbrios e posteriormente originam condições que favorecem doenças respiratórias. A pneumonia possui vários agentes etiológicos, e de acordo com este, distintos padrões de acometimento pulmonar e achados radiográficos irão se manifestar

Leituras e leitores de Richard Morse: a trajetória de um livro sobre a formação da metrópole paulista

De comunidade à metrópole: a biografia de São Paulo, was first published in 1954 and then re published in 1970 as Formação histórica de São Paulo: de comunidade à metrópole. Written by a young US researcher fascinated by Latin America, this material was originally submitted as his PhD thesis at Columbia University in 1952. Since then, Richard Morse's (1922-2001) work has come a long way and is now considered a primary reference in the history of urban development of São Paulo. This article briefly recovers the reader's response when Morse's research was first published, and how it ensured the book's importance in the Brazilian historiography. The aim is to draw a parallel trajectory of the book and its author - the young researcher at Columbia who became a professor of Latin American History at Yale - and to discuss the meanings regarding its importance in São Paulo's historiography as well as its contribution to a better understanding of the city.O livro De comunidade à metrópole: a biografia de São Paulo, publicado em 1954 e reeditado em 1970 com um novo título, Formação histórica de São Paulo: de comunidade à metrópole, foi escrito por um jovem norte-americano encantado com a América Latina, tendo sido inicialmente apresentado como tese de doutorado na Universidade de Columbia, em 1952. Desde então, essa obra de Richard Morse (1922-2001) percorreu um longo caminho, sendo hoje considerada "um clássico" sobre a evolução urbana da capital paulista. Retoma-se sinteticamente aqui a recepção da publicação, recuperando leitores e leituras que acabaram por garantir ao livro de Morse esse lugar na historiografia paulistana e brasileira. Busca-se, desse modo, traçar um paralelo entra a trajetória do livro e a de seu autor - que de jovem investigador em Columbia torna-se professor de História da América Latina na Universidade de Yale - para discutir o sentido do livro na historiografia e na própria interpretação que o livro fundaria sobre a cidade de São Paulo

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. FINDINGS: The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. INTERPRETATION: Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. FUNDING: WHO

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Copyright (C) 2021 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Uso de Poli-hidroxibutirato e Norbixina como Biomaterial para Regeneração Óssea: um mapeamento tecnológico

The association of polymeric matrices and natural extracts for the development of new tissue engineering biomaterials is growing. The present work proposes a prospective study regarding the application of a polymeric matrix containing polyhydroxybutyrate and norbixin apocarotenoid as biomaterial for bone repair purposes. Searches were carried out for scientific articles published in the last ten years, between 2008 and 2018, in the databases of Web of Science, Scopus and Scielo journals. For scientific and technological mapping, the total survey of the number of patents in the INPI, Espacenet and USPTO patent banks was considered. From the articles and patents reviewed, it was found that the association of these constituents in tissue engineering and bone repair is unknown. However, it was observed that they are known to be used as biomaterials with relevant therapeutic properties in various biological environments, thus being an association with innovative therapeutic potential, therefore, it is a promising area of research to be explored.É crescente a associação de matrizes poliméricas e extratos naturais para a confecção de novos biomateriais na área de engenharia de tecidos. O presente trabalho propõe um estudo prospectivo sobre a aplicação de uma matriz polimérica contendo poli-hidroxibutirato e o apocarotenoide norbixina como biomaterial para fins de reparo ósseo. Foram realizadas buscas de artigos científicos publicados nos últimos dez anos, entre 2008 e 2018, nas bases de periódicos Web of Science, Scopus e Scielo. Para o mapeamento científico e tecnológico, considerou-se o levantamento total do número de patentes nos bancos de patentes do INPI, Espacenet e USPTO. A partir dos artigos e patentes revisados, constatou-se que a associação desses constituintes na engenharia de tecidos e em reparo ósseo é desconhecida. Porém, observou-se que os mesmos são conhecidamente utilizados como biomateriais com relevantes propriedades terapêuticas em diversos meios biológicos, tratando-se, portanto, de uma promissora área de pesquisa a ser explorada

O impacto ex-post da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal nº101/2000 nas finanças dos estados brasileiros

Este trabalho analisa o impacto da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF), nas finanças e no crescimento econômico nos estados do Brasil, por meio de um banco de dados próprio, constituído por informações obtidas na Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional, no período de 2000 a 2004. Para os testes econométricos foi utilizada a ferramenta Dados em Painel, o Teste de Mann-Whitney e a Técnica de Componentes Principais. Os resultados encontrados, de modo geral, demonstram que a LRF não apresentou efeitos sobre as finanças e o crescimento econômico dos estados brasileiros, mas causou impacto positivo aos estados de maior Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), do prisma da redução de despesa. Na receita agregada nacional houve impacto negativo, pois essa receita decresceu nos estados de maior PIB, não sendo compensada pelo aumento de receitas correntes líquidas pelos estados de menor PIB. Portanto, houve penalidades para os estados de maior capacidade fiscal, maior organização fazendária e maior crescimento econômico e benefícios para os estados em situação contrária, mas que, em nível nacional, proporcionou resultados econômicos negativos