"INTERGROWTH21st vs customized fetal growth curves in the assessment of the neonatal nutritional status: a retrospective cohort study of gestational diabetes"

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with increased incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes including newborns large for gestational age, macrosomia, preeclampsia, polyhydramnios, stillbirth, and neonatal morbidity. Thus, fetal growth should be monitored by ultrasound to assess for fetal overnutrition, and thereby, its clinical consequence, macrosomia. However, it is not clear which reference curve to use to define the limits of normality. Our aim is to determine which method, INTERGROWTH21st or customized curves, better identifies the nutritional status of newborns of diabetic mothers. Methods This retrospective cohort study compared the risk of malnutrition in SGA newborns and the risk of overnutrition in LGA newborns using INTERGROWTH21st and customized birth weight references in gestational diabetes. The nutritional status of newborns was assessed using the ponderal index. Additionally, to determine the ability of both methods in the identification of neonatal malnutrition and overnutrition, we calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and likelihood ratios. Results Two hundred thirty-one pregnant women with GDM were included in the study. The rate of SGA indentified by INTERGROWTH21st was 4.7% vs 10.7% identified by the customized curves. The rate of LGA identified by INTERGROWTH21st was 25.6% vs 13.2% identified by the customized method. Newborns identified as SGA by the customized method showed a higher risk of malnutrition than those identified as SGA by INTERGROWTH21st. (RR 4.24 vs 2.5). LGA newborns according to the customized method also showed a higher risk of overnutrition than those classified as LGA according to INTERGROWTH21st. (RR 5.26 vs 3.57). In addition, the positive predictive value of the customized method was superior to that of INTERGROWTH21st in the identification of malnutrition (32% vs 27.27%), severe malnutrition (22.73% vs 20%), overnutrition (51.61% vs 32.20%) and severe overnutrition (28.57% vs 14.89%). Conclusions In pregnant women with DMG, the ability of customized fetal growth curves to identify newborns with alterations in nutritional status appears to exceed that of INTERGROWTH21s

Diseño de una prueba de evaluación clínica objetiva estructurada de cuidados de enfermería del primer curso de prácticas clínicas

Objective: The aim of the present study was to design a content-valid nursing objective structured clinical examination attending a first-year clinical nursing practice program. Method: The examination was designed following a procedure based on the consensus of experts which was comprised of three phases: selection of the activities in which students should be competent according to the learning outcomes of the course, clinical case design, and integration of the clinical cases designed into the stations of the test. Results: Of the 44 surveys submitted for the design of the stations, 37 were answered, of which 31 respondents met the inclusion criteria of the panel of experts. The activities on which the experts reached the highest degrees of consensus were: basic physical assessment and monitoring of vital signs, assessment of hygiene and skin status, ability to develop care plans, management of safety principles in administration of medication and administration of oral medication. Based on the selected activities, the experts developed 20 clinical cases, from which a four-station nursing objective structured clinical examination was designed. Conclusion: The structured methodology based on the design of experts enabled the design of a content-valid objective structured clinical examination appropriate for the evaluation of the learning outcomes achieved by the students attending a clinical practice program

Manual de Casos Clínicos Simulados

El documento de trabajo titulado “Manual de Casos Clínicos Simulados” es producto de una actuación avalada presentada a la convocatoria de innovación docente 11-12 de la UCA. Este manual está enfocado a la mejora del aprendizaje a través de la simulación de situaciones clínicas reales de la práctica profesional enfermera.Este manual está enfocado a la mejora del aprendizaje a través de la simulación de situaciones clínicas reales de la práctica profesional enfermera. Esta metodología permite el refuerzo y la integración de los conocimientos previos. Permite una formación estandarizada, repetible, sin riesgo, que posibilita la capacitación de acuerdo al progreso individual, así como la formación para el trabajo en equipo y el desarrollo de estrategias de resolución de problemas con diferente y progresivo nivel de complejidad. El Manual de Casos Clínicos Simulados constituye una guía de usuario de esta metodología. Describe cómo se elabora un escenario de simulación, el diseño de los casos, la selección de situaciones reales de la práctica profesional enfermera que se pretenden simular y la evaluación de los mismos, así como los recursos necesarios.Archivo en formato pdf, 55 páginas.El Manual está estructurado en tres partes: En la primera parte se expone información básica sobre la simulación como metodología de aprendizaje, sus aplicaciones, ventajas e inconvenientes, el uso de la simulación clínica en Enfermería, las fases de la simulación y unas recomendaciones de buenas prácticas. Esta parte del Manual pretende servir de marco teórico para el uso de la simulación como metodología de aprendizaje. En la segunda parte se exponen las plantillas o formularios base de los diferentes prototipos o modelos de casos clínicos simulados. Para cada uno de ellos, se presentan las instrucciones del formulario, la plantilla y un ejemplo del prototipo de caso. Hasta ahora hemos desarrollado la plantilla para la construcción de simulaciones de pacientes de alta fidelidad. La tercera parte, consta una recopilación del material disponible y las personas de referencia para la implementación de los casos. El Manual también cuenta con un apartado de Bibliografía de consulta y recursos digitales internacionales y nacionales sobre simulación. Para usar el manual recomendamos: La lectura de la primera parte. Una vez que se decida utilizar la simulación, se recomienda seguir las fases de la simulación descritas en el texto y las normas de buenas prácticas recomendadas por la Asociación Internacional para el aprendizaje por simulación en Enfermería. A continuación procedería el diseño de los casos utilizando de base la plantilla, según el prototipo o modelo de caso planificado, con la ayuda de las instrucciones de la misma y tomando el ejemplo como punto de partida

Colección de documentos para la valoración, planificación y registro clínico en enfermería

Conjunto de documentos propuestos para la realización y desarrollo del Proceso Enfermero (valoración, diagnóstico, planificación, ejecución y evaluación) con el objetivo de unificar, facilitar y optimizar el aprendizaje.Con este conjunto de documentos, se pretende optimizar el aprendizaje y facilitar la realización y desarrollo del Proceso Enfermero (valoración, diagnóstico, planificación, ejecución y evaluación), aportando y unificando el material básico y la metodología a usar en las distintas actividades y experiencias formativas tanto en el ámbito académico como en el clínico, y que se desarrollan en las asignaturas y en los practicum que conforman el Grado en Enfermería. Para ello, en esta colección incluimos formatos específicos que guíen la práctica clínica a lo largo de todo el proceso de aprendizaje. Entre los documentos que se incluyen se encuentran: - Diferentes formatos para la recogida de datos/valoración (descriptivos, abiertos, semiestructurados, etc), estructurados según las 14 Necesidades Básicas de Virginia Henderson, los 11 Patrones Funcionales de Salud (PFS) de Marjory Gordon, y en aquellos casos en los que ha sido posible, según la adaptación a los 13 Dominios de la NANDA de los Patrones Funcionales de Salud de Gordon. Con esto se recogen los esquemas más utilizados actualmente en nuestro entorno clínico. - Formato desarrollado en el que se unifican las valoraciones que aparecen en las aplicaciones DIRAYA (Historia Digital de Salud) y AZAHAR (Módulo de Gestión de Cuidados) del Servicio Andaluz de Salud. - Clasificación de los Cuestionarios, test e índices más frecuentemente usados en la Valoración de Enfermería ordenados según las 14 Necesidades de Henderson, los 11 Patrones Funcionales de Salud de Gordon y los 13 Patrones Funcionales de Salud de Gordon modificados/adaptados a la clasificación de diagnósticos de enfermería de la NANDA. - Documentos básicos para el registro de constantes y medicación. - Formatos para el desarrollo de Planes de Cuidados y el registro de la evolución y la evaluación. - Documentos / formatos integrados para la Valoración, Planes de Cuidados y registro de la evolución y evaluación.109 páginas. Incluye 28 documentos

INTERGROWTH-21st versus a customized method for the prediction of neonatal nutritional status in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) generate complications and are one of the principal causes of maternal, foetal, and neonatal mortality worldwide. It has been observed that in pregnancies with HDP, the incidence of foetuses small for their gestational age (SGA) is twice as high as that in noncomplicated pregnancies. In women with HDP, the identification of foetuses (SGA) is substantially important, as management and follow-up are determined by this information. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the INTERGROWTH-21st method or customized birthweight references better identify newborns with an abnormal nutritional status resulting from HDP. Method A comparative analysis study was designed with two diagnostic methods for the prediction of neonatal nutritional status in pregnancies with HDP. The performance of both methods in identifying neonatal malnutrition (defined by a neonatal body mass index < 10(th) centile or a ponderal index < 10(th) centile) was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic odds ratio, Youden's index and probability ratios. Results The study included 226 pregnant women diagnosed with HDP. The customized method identified 45 foetuses as small for gestational age (19.9%), while the INTERGROWTH-21st method identified 27 newborns with SGA (11.9%). The difference between proportions was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Using body mass index (< 10(th) centile) as a measure of nutritional status, newborns identified as SGA by the customized method showed a higher risk of malnutrition than those identified as SGA by INTERGROWTH-21st (RR: 4.87 (95% CI: 1.86-12.77) vs. 3.75 (95% CI: 1.49-9.43)) (DOR: 5.56 (95% CI: 1.82-16.98) vs. 4.84 (95% CI: 1.51-15.54)) Even when using Ponderal index (< 10(th) centile), newborns identified as SGA by the customized method showed a higher risk of malnutrition than those identified as SGA by INTERGROWTH-21st (RR 2.37 (95% CI: 1.11-5.05) vs. 1.68 (95% CI: 0.70-4.03))(DOR 2.62 (95% CI: 1.00-6.87) vs. 1.90 (95% CI: 0.61-5.92)). Conclusion In pregnant women with HDP, the predictive ability of the customized foetal growth curves to identify neonatal malnutrition appears to surpass that of INTERGROWTH-21st

Índice de desempeño ambiental del territorio

El modelo que subyace a los índices de desempeño ambiental están circunscrito a variables que desarrollen medidas de evaluación del estado de cada uno de las dimensiones, las presiones a las que estas dimensiones han venido siendo sometidas y las respuestas que desde la gobernanza de los diversos actores que interactúan, pretenden o disminuir las presiones o disminuir la vulnerabilidad de los elementos que componen las dimensiones social, económica y ecológica.Bogotá D.C

Current international projects in the Duero and Miño-Sil basins

[EN] This paper summarizes the research work that is being carried out within the framework of three international projects with a lifetime between 2022 and 2026: (1) LIFE-IP-Duero; (2) Supporting stakeholders for adaptive, resilience and sustainable water management; (3) IGCP- 730. (1) and (2) are developed in the Duero river basin and are funded by the European Commission meanwhile (3) is being developed in the Duero and Miño-Sil basins and is funded by the International Geosciences Programme (IGCP) of UNESCO.Peer reviewe

Hacking ético para profundizar en la implementación de sistemas informáticos seguros

Memoria ID-052 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London