Predatory capacity of Tupiocoris cucurbitaceus (Hemiptera Miridae) on several pests of tomato

The predator Tupiocoris cucurbitaceus (Spinola) is frequently found preying on whiteflies in greenhouse tomato without pesticide use in Argentina. This study evaluated its preying capacity on several pests, determining the 24 hours consumption of females, males, large and small nymphs on nymphs of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), eggs and larvae of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), nymphs of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Tetranychus urticae Koch females. Whitefly consumption varied between 15.7 and 38.2 nymphs/predator, the largest predation corresponding to the females of T. cucurbitaceus that also were most voracious of T. absoluta eggs (147.4) and M. persicae nymphs (19.8). T. cucurbitaceus individuals preyed 3.3 small larvae of T. absoluta while predation of large larvae was negligible for all predator stages. Finally, each predator consumed 27.8 T. urticae females. This information broadens our knowledge about the prey range and consumption capacity of this predator.Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA)Fil: López, Silvia Noemí. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Orozco Muñoz, Arlette. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Andorno, Andrea Verónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Cuello, Eliana Marina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Cagnotti, Cynthia Lorena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; Argentin

Building an experimental nutritional model of obesity. Evaluation of anthropometrical and nutritional parameters

The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, and includes genetic, environmental, and dietary factors, where hypercaloric diets play a central role in the development of the disease. It is known that obesity in adulthood can increase the risk of suffering neurodegenerative diseases. As a part of an institutional project that studies obesity as a base disease for the development of chronic age-associated diseases and the search for early biomarkers with predictive potential, one of our general objectives is to establish a nutritional model of obesity in rat. Particularly, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of a high saturated fat diet on different anthropometric and nutritional parameters. Male Wistar rats weaned at 21 days of age were fed with a normocaloric diet (ND) containing 366 kcal from lipids/kg diet. At 2 months old, they were randomly separated and fed with the NC diet (Control group) and a high saturated fat diet containing 1570.7 kcal from margarine/kg diet (HFD group) for the following 14 weeks. Animals were maintained under 12 h light:12 h dark and 22–24°C conditions, with food and water ad libitum. The anthropometric profile included the evaluation of food intake, body weight, body mass index (BMI), weight gain, dietary consumption, and Lee index, throughout the entire treatment period. The following nutritional parameters were also calculated: energy-intake, and feed efficiency. Statistical differences between groups and throughout the treatment period were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test, with P < 0.05 to confirm significant differences between groups and weeks. Our results show that feeding HFD resulted in significant increases in the following anthropometric parameters: body weight (P < 0.001 from the 9th to the 21st week), BMI (P < 0.05 from the 14th to the 22nd week), weight gain (P < 0.05 from the 15th to the 22nd week) as well as in the nutritional parameter: energy-intake from lipids (P < 0.001 from the 9th to the 22nd week). We did not observe significant changes in food intake, Lee index, feed efficiency nor in the total energy intake. Thus, we could conclude that a high saturated fat, from margarine, diet modifies key anthropometrical and nutritional parameters, and it could be used to establish a nutritional model of obesity in rat.Fil: Alfonso, Javier Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Delgado, Silvia Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Navigatore Fonzo, Lorena Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Anzulovich Miranda, Ana Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; ArgentinaIV Reunión Conjunta de Sociedades de Biología de la República Argentina: “Nuevas Evidencias y Cambios de Paradigmas en Ciencias Biológicas”ArgentinaSociedad de Biología de CuyoUniversidad Nacional de CuyoSociedad Argentina de BiologíaSociedad de Biología de CórdobaSociedad de Biología de RosarioAsociación de Biología de TucumánHonorable Legislatura de la Provincia de MendozaSociedad Chilena de Reproducción y DesarrolloMinisterio de Salud Provincia de MendozaGobierno de la Provincia de Mendoz

Biofungicidal capacity on Beauveria bassiana (Bals-Criv.) Vuill. and phytochemical characterization of native medicinal plants of the province of Misiones

El objetivo de este trabajo fue encontrar una alternativa a los fungicidas químicos que se utilizan actualmente en el control del hongo Beauveria bassiana (Bals-Criv.) Vuill., agente causal de muscardina blanca en Bombyx mori L. En este estudio examinamos 6 plantas medicinales nativas para determinar su actividad antifúngica y composición fitoquímica. La actividad antifúngica de los extractos (2 a 8 %) se evaluaron mediante el IB (índice biológico) determinado sobre el potencial de germinación, el crecimiento vegetativo y la producción de conidios. Los extractos de Baccharis crispa 4 y 6 % (IB = 37,2 y IB = 36,4); Mikania cordifolia 6 % (IB = 36,24); Pityrogramma calomelanos 4 % (IB = 40,4) y Poligonum punctatum 6 y 8% (IB = 33,1 y IB = 35,5) resultaron activos con valores dentro del rango de toxicidad (0-41) mientras que Schinus molle y Ocimum tenuiflorum no exhibieron potencial antifúngico. La caracterización fitoquímica entre los extractos activos determinó que el contenido fenólico varía entre 62,5 a 103,7 mg GAE/g extracto, mientras que para tanino fue de 19,7 a 72,5 mg GAE/g extracto y flavonoides totales de 11,6 a 33,7 mg Qe/g extracto. Los extractos de B. crispa, M. cordifolia, P. calomelanos y P. punctatum resultaron efectivos para controlar in vitro a B. bassiana.The objective of this work was to find an alternative to the chemical fungicides that are currently used in the control of the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals-Criv.) Vuill, causative agent of white muscardine in Bombyx mori L. In this study we examined 6 native medicinal plants to determine its antifungal activity and phytochemical composition. The antifungal activity of the extracts (2 to 8 %) was evaluated by means of the IB (biological index) determined on the potential germination, vegetative growth and the production of conidia. The extracts of Baccharis crispa 4 and 6 % (37.2 and 36.4); Mikania cordifolia 6 % (36.24); Pityrogramma calomelanos 4 % (40.4); and Polygonum punctatum 6 and 8 % (33.1 and 35.5) were active with values within the toxicity range (0-41) while Schinus molle and Ocimum tenuiflorum, they did not exhibit antifungal potential. The phyto chemical characterization between the active extracts determined that the phenolic content varies between 62.5 to 103.7 mg GAE/g extract, while for tannins it was 19.7 to 72.5 mg GAE/g extract, and total flavonoids of 11.6 to 33.7 mg Qe/g extract. The extracts of B. crispa, M. cordifolia, P. calomelanos and P. punctatum were effective to control Beauveria bassiana in vitro.Fil: Lopez, Silvia Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina. Agencia Ejecutiva de Desarrollo E Innovacion Tecnologica (aedit) ; Ministerio de Cultura Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia ; Gobierno de la Provincia de Misiones;Fil: Alves, Luis Francisco Angeli. Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Pará; BrasilFil: Celaya, Liliana Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Martina, Pablo F.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentin

Mapeo estacional de Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoides de áfidos (Hemiptera: Aphididae) en las principales zonas productoras de pimiento de la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina

El pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) es una de las hortalizas de fruto más importantes producidas bajo invernadero en la provincia de Corrientes. Entre las plagas que afectan a este cultivo se encuentran los áfidos (Hemiptera: Aphididae), los cuales provocan daños directos debidos a la succión de fotosintatos e indirectos por la transmisión de virosis. Los himenópteros parasitoides de la subfamilia Aphidiinae (Braconidae) y de la familia Aphelinidae se destacan como los enemigos naturales más eficientes de esta plaga. El objetivo general del presente trabajo es analizar comparativamente la riqueza y abundancia de áfidos y la composición faunística de parasitoides asociados en cultivos de pimiento en invernadero de la provincia de Corrientes. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo muestreos en cultivos bajo cubierta, ubicados en los departamentos Bella Vista y Lavalle, provincia de Corrientes. Se designaron 14 sitios de muestreo, 11 correspondientes al departamento de Bella Vista y tres al departamento de Lavalle. De mayo a noviembre de 2013 se realizaron colectas mensuales de áfidos vivos y parasitoidizados, tomándose cinco estaciones de muestreo por sitio. La única especie de áfido hallada fue Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Sobre la asociación pimiento-M. persicae se registraron cuatro especies de parasitoides primarios y cuatro especies de hiperparasitoides. Aphidius colemani (Viereck) y Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh) fueron los parasitoides primarios dominantes en los departamentos de Lavalle y Bella Vista, respectivamente. Se discuten aspectos de consideración útil para el control de áfidos plaga del cultivo de pimientoThe pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important vegetables produced in greenhouses in the province of Corrientes. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are among the most important pests that affect this crop. They cause direct damage due to the suction of photosynthates and indirect damage by transmission of viral diseases. Parasitoids Aphidiinae (Braconidae) and Aphelinidae are the most efficient natural enemies of this pest. The objective of this study is to analyze the richness and abundance of aphid fauna and composition of aphid parasitoids. Samples were collected in 14 sampling sites in pepper crops located in two departments of the province of Corrientes (11 in Bella Vista and three in Lavalle). From May to November 2013, live and parasitized aphids were collected monthly, taking five sampling stations per site. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) was the only species of aphid found. About the association pepper-M. persicae four species of primary parasitoids and four species of hyperparasitoids were recorded. Aphidius colemani (Viereck) and Diaeretiella rapae (M´Intosh) were the dominant, primary parasitoids in the departments of Lavalle and Bella Vista, respectively. Useful aspects of aphid pest control in pepper crops are discussed.Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología AgrícolaFil: Andorno, Andrea Veronica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones Lucha Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Caceres, Sara. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, Maximo Raul Alcides. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; ArgentinaFil: Cagnotti, Cynthia Lorena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones para Lucha Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Silvia Noemi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones Lucha Biológica; Argentin

Evaluación de tres clases de trigo para la cría de Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) como hospedante utilizado en la cría de enemigos naturales

La estandarización de protocolos para la cría artificial es esencial para lograr una producción de insectos adecuada en calidad y cantidad. Los huevos de Sitotroga cerealella Olivier se utilizan para la cría de parasitoides del género Trichogramma. En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto de tres tipos de trigo (pan, candeal, Klein Tauro) sobre parámetros biológicos de la polilla y del parasitoide oófago Trichogramma nerudai (Pintureau & Gerding). La cría de la polilla se realizó sobre cada tipo de trigo y sobre los huevos obtenidos se evaluaron aspectos biológicos del parasitoide. Las clases de trigo se diferenciaron en la calidad de sus proteínas, lípidos y contenido de humedad. Para los distintas tipos de trigo se encontraron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de emergencia, la fecundidad, el tiempo de desarrollo y la proporción sexual de las polillas. No existieron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de emergencia, fecundidad y proporción sexual de parasitoides criados sobre huevos de polillas procedentes de diferentes clases de trigo. El análisis de aminoácidos y lípidos, los resultados sobre la biología de la polilla y cierta tendencia observada en la fecundidad del parasitoide, sugieren que los trigos más adecuados para la cría son pan y candeal.The development of standard protocols for artificial rearing is essential for a suitable production of insects. The eggs of the wheat moth Sitotroga cerealella Olivier are used to rear the oophagous parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma. In the present work we evaluated the effect of three wheat types (pan, candeal, Klein Tauro) on biological parameters of the moth adults and the parasitoid Trichogramma nerudai (Pintureau & Gerding). Also, the content of proteins, the carbohydrates and the moisture of each wheat type were analyzed. There were significant differences in the emergence, fertility, development time and sexual ratio of moths among wheat classes. No significant differences were found in the emergence, fertility and sex ratio of the parasitoid developed on eggs of moths coming from different classes of wheat. The analysis of amino acids and lipids, the biology of the moth and certain tendency observed in the fecundity of the parasitoid suggest that the most suitable wheat types for rearing these two insects are pan and candeal.Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología AgrícolaFil: Méndez, Lucía M. Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Centro de Investigaciones en Biotecnología CIB; Costa RicaFil: Botto, Eduardo Norberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones para Lucha Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Flores, Dora. Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Centro de Investigaciones en Biotecnología CIB; Costa RicaFil: Cagnotti, Cynthia Lorena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones para Lucha Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Silvia Noemi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones para Lucha Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Viscarret, Mariana Mabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones para Lucha Biológica; Argentin

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia, Departamentos de Putumayo, Huila y Tolima

Este trabajo representa las marcas en la historia de Colombia por las últimas décadas en la cuales han enfrentado hechos violentos por causa del conflicto armado y a raíz de esta problemática muchas víctimas han sido testigos de estos sucesos los cuales emiten miedo, rechazo, desconsuelo, angustia y decepción con tan solo mencionarlo involucrando distintos factores donde se transforman a lo largo del tiempo, los grupos armados justifican su guerra y el uso de la violencia, argumentando que así lograrán el cambio y la transformación de la sociedad. Asimismo, este documento representa dos relatos significativos donde consiste en abordar narraciones que han surgido en nuestro país a partir desde las diferentes experiencias y contextos que se enmarca en cada una de ellos como lo es en el caso de Modesto Pacaya un indígena desmovilizado más de las FARC y el caso de Peñas coloradas fundados en el Caquetá. Por otro lado, se evidencia el desarrollo de una herramienta muy útil como lo es la foto voz con la cual se proyecta una gran comprensión de todos los diferentes escenarios de violencia que se están viviendo actualmente en nuestro país y en nuestras comunidades, donde las imágenes son la narración del abordaje psicosocial en los diferentes escenarios de violencia en los departamentos de Putumayo, Neiva, Huila y el Tolima pretendiendo reconocer la acción psicosocial desde el enfoque narrativo sensibilizando y a la vez acercarnos a las posibilidades creativas a las intervenciones psicosociales edificando memorias colectivas.This work represents the marks in the history of Colombia for the last decades in which they have faced violent acts due to the armed conflict and as a result of this problem many victims have witnessed these events which emit fear, rejection, grief, anguish and Disappointment just by mentioning it involving different factors where they are transformed over time, armed groups justify their war and the use of violence, arguing that in this way they will achieve change and the transformation of society. Likewise, this document represents two significant stories where it consists of addressing narratives that have emerged in our country from the different experiences and contexts that are part of each one of them, as it is in the case of Modesto Pacaya, a demobilized indigenous person more than the FARC and the case of Peñas coloradas founded in Caquetá. On the other hand, the development of a very useful tool such as voice photography is evident, with which a great understanding of all the different scenarios of violence that are currently being experienced in our country and in our communities is projected, where the images They are the narration of the psychosocial approach in the different scenarios of violence in the departments of Putumayo, Neiva, Huila and Tolima, pretending to recognize psychosocial action from the narrative approach, raising awareness and at the same time approaching the creative possibilities of psychosocial interventions, building collective memories

Cytokine Production but Lack of Proliferation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Chronic Chagas' Disease Cardiomyopathy Patients in Response to T. cruzi Ribosomal P Proteins

Background:Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P proteins, P2β and P0, induce high levels of antibodies in patients with chronic Chagas' disease Cardiomyopathy (CCC). It is well known that these antibodies alter the beating rate of cardiomyocytes and provoke apoptosis by their interaction with β1-adrenergic and M2-muscarinic cardiac receptors. Based on these findings, we decided to study the cellular immune response to these proteins in CCC patients compared to non-infected individuals.Methodology/Principal findings:We evaluated proliferation, presence of surface activation markers and cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with P2β, the C-terminal portion of P0 (CP0) proteins and T. cruzi lysate from CCC patients predominantly infected with TcVI lineage. PBMC from CCC patients cultured with P2β or CP0 proteins, failed to proliferate and express CD25 and HLA-DR on T cell populations. However, multiplex cytokine assays showed that these antigens triggered higher secretion of IL-10, TNF-α and GM-CSF by PBMC as well as both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells subsets of CCC subjects. Upon T. cruzi lysate stimulation, PBMC from CCC patients not only proliferated but also became activated within the context of Th1 response. Interestingly, T. cruzi lysate was also able to induce the secretion of GM-CSF by CD4+ or CD8+ T cells.Conclusions/Significance:Our results showed that although the lack of PBMC proliferation in CCC patients in response to ribosomal P proteins, the detection of IL-10, TNF-α and GM-CSF suggests that specific T cells could have both immunoregulatory and pro-inflammatory potential, which might modulate the immune response in Chagas' disease. Furthermore, it was possible to demonstrate for the first time that GM-CSF was produced by PBMC of CCC patients in response not only to recombinant ribosomal P proteins but also to parasite lysate, suggesting the value of this cytokine to evaluate T cells responses in T. cruzi infection.Fil: Longhi, Silvia Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Atienza, Augusto. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Perez Prados, Graciela. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Juan A. Fernández"; ArgentinaFil: Buying, Alcinette. Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Balouz, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Buscaglia, Carlos Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Santos, Radleigh. Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Tasso, Laura Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Bonato, Ricardo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Chiale, Pablo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Pinilla, Clemencia. Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Judkowski, Valeria A.. Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Gomez, Karina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentin

Genetic landscape of 6089 inherited retinal dystrophies affected cases in Spain and their therapeutic and extended epidemiological implications

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), defined by dysfunction or progressive loss of photoreceptors, are disorders characterized by elevated heterogeneity, both at the clinical and genetic levels. Our main goal was to address the genetic landscape of IRD in the largest cohort of Spanish patients reported to date. A retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 6089 IRD affected individuals (from 4403 unrelated families), referred for genetic testing from all the Spanish autonomous communities. Clinical, demographic and familiar data were collected from each patient, including family pedigree, age of appearance of visual symptoms, presence of any systemic findings and geographical origin. Genetic studies were performed to the 3951 families with available DNA using different molecular techniques. Overall, 53.2% (2100/3951) of the studied families were genetically characterized, and 1549 different likely causative variants in 142 genes were identified. The most common phenotype encountered is retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (55.6% of families, 2447/4403). The most recurrently mutated genes were PRPH2, ABCA4 and RS1 in autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR) and X-linked (XL) NON-RP cases, respectively; RHO, USH2A and RPGR in AD, AR and XL for non-syndromic RP; and USH2A and MYO7A in syndromic IRD. Pathogenic variants c.3386G > T (p.Arg1129Leu) in ABCA4 and c.2276G > T (p.Cys759Phe) in USH2A were the most frequent variants identified. Our study provides the general landscape for IRD in Spain, reporting the largest cohort ever presented. Our results have important implications for genetic diagnosis, counselling and new therapeutic strategies to both the Spanish population and other related populations.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) of the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS; PI16/00425 and PI19/00321), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, 06/07/0036), IIS-FJD BioBank (PT13/0010/0012), Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, RAREGenomics Project, B2017/BMD-3721), European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), the Organización Nacional de Ciegos Españoles (ONCE), Fundación Ramón Areces, Fundación Conchita Rábago and the University Chair UAM-IIS-FJD of Genomic Medicine. Irene Perea-Romero is supported by a PhD fellowship from the predoctoral Program from ISCIII (FI17/00192). Ionut F. Iancu is supported by a grant from the Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, PEJ-2017-AI/BMD7256). Marta del Pozo-Valero is supported by a PhD grant from the Fundación Conchita Rábago. Berta Almoguera is supported by a Juan Rodes program from ISCIII (JR17/00020). Pablo Minguez is supported by a Miguel Servet program from ISCIII (CP16/00116). Marta Corton is supported by a Miguel Servet program from ISCIII (CPII17/00006). The funders played no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, manuscript preparation and/or publication decisions

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Predictors of Global Non-Motor Symptoms Burden Progression in Parkinson’s Disease. Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up

COPPADIS Study Group.[Background and Objective] Non-motor symptoms (NMS) progress in different ways between Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. The aim of the present study was to (1) analyze the change in global NMS burden in a PD cohort after a 2-year follow-up, (2) to compare the changes with a control group, and (3) to identify predictors of global NMS burden progression in the PD group.[Material and Methods] PD patients and controls, recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017, were followed-up with after 2 years. The Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) was administered at baseline (V0) and at 24 months ± 1 month (V2). Linear regression models were used for determining predictive factors of global NMS burden progression (NMSS total score change from V0 to V2 as dependent variable).[Results] After the 2-year follow-up, the mean NMS burden (NMSS total score) significantly increased in PD patients by 18.8% (from 45.08 ± 37.62 to 53.55 ± 42.28; p < 0.0001; N = 501; 60.2% males, mean age 62.59 ± 8.91) compared to no change observed in controls (from 14.74 ± 18.72 to 14.65 ± 21.82; p = 0.428; N = 122; 49.5% males, mean age 60.99 ± 8.32) (p < 0.0001). NMSS total score at baseline (β = −0.52), change from V0 to V2 in PDSS (Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale) (β = −0.34), and change from V0 to V2 in NPI (Neuropsychiatric Inventory) (β = 0.25) provided the highest contributions to the model (adjusted R-squared 0.41; Durbin-Watson test = 1.865).[Conclusions] Global NMS burden demonstrates short-term progression in PD patients but not in controls and identifies worsening sleep problems and neuropsychiatric symptoms as significant independent predictors of this NMS progression.This research was funded by Fundación Española de Ayuda a la Investigación en Parkinson y otras Enfermedades Neuro-degenerativas (Curemos el Parkinson; www.curemoselparkinson.org).Peer reviewe