20 research outputs found
Kalman Filter Models for the Prediction of Individualised Thermal Work Strain
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'IntechOpen'
- Publication date
- 20/12/2017
- Field of study
It is important to monitor and assess the physiological strain of individuals working in hot environments to avoid heat illness and performance degradation. The body core temperature (Tc) is a reliable indicator of thermal work strain. However, measuring Tc is invasive and often inconvenient and impractical for real-time monitoring of workers in high heat strain environments. Seeking a better solution, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the Kalman filter method to enable the estimation of heat strain from non-invasive measurements (heart rate (HR) and chest skin temperature (ST)) obtained ‘online’ via wearable body sensors. In particular, we developed two Kalman filter models. First, an extended Kalman filter (EFK) was implemented in a cubic state space modelling framework (HR versus Tc) with a stage-wise, autoregressive exogenous model (incorporating HR and ST) as the time update model. Under the second model, the online Kalman filter (OFK) approach builds up the time update equation depending only on the initial value of Tc and the latest value of the exogenous variables. Both models were trained and validated using data from laboratory- and outfield-based heat strain profiling studies in which subjects performed a high intensity military foot march. While both the EKF and OKF models provided satisfactory estimates of Tc, the results showed an overall superior performance of the OKF model (overall root mean square error, RMSE = 0.31°C) compared to the EKF model (RMSE = 0.45°C)
Comprehensive genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
- Author
- Agrawal Nishant
- Agrawal Nishant
- Ahn Julie
- Akbani Rehan
- Aksoy B. Arman
- Ally Adrian
- Auman J. Todd
- Baboud Julien
- Balasundaram Miruna
- Balu Saianand
- Baylin Stephen B.
- Beard Christina
- Benz Christopher
- Benz Stephen
- Beroukhim Rameen
- Biroi Inanc
- Bishop Justin
- Bishop Justin
- Black Aaron D.
- Bodenheimer Thomas
- Boice Lori
- Bollag Roni
- Bootwalla Moiz
- Boutros Paul C.
- Boutros Paul C.
- Bowen Jay
- Bowlby Reanne
- Bradford Carol R.
- Bristow Christopher A.
- Brooks Denise
- Brown Brandee T.
- Bruce Jeff P.
- Bruce Jeff P.
- Buda Elizabeth
- Burnett Ken
- Burnett Ken
- Burton Robert A.
- Butterfield Yaron S. N.
- Byers Lauren Averett
- Califano Joseph
- Califano Joseph
- Carey Thomas E.
- Carey Thomas E.
- Carlsen Rebecca
- Carter Scott L.
- Casasent Tod
- Chan Timothy A.
- Chang Kyle
- Chao Hsu
- Chen Chu
- Chen Zhong
- Cheng Dean
- Cheng Hui
- Chepeha Douglas B.
- Chera Bhishamjit S.
- Cherniack Andrew D.
- Chin Lynda
- Chin Lynda
- Chiosea Simion I.
- Chiosea Simion I.
- Cho Juok
- Chu Andy
- Cibulskisl Kristian
- Ciriello Giovanni
- Cohen Ezra
- Cope Leslie
- Crain Daniel
- Curley Erin
- Danilova Ludmila
- Davidsen Tanja
- Demchok John A.
- Dhalla Noreen
- Diao Lixia
- DiCara Daniel
- Diergaarde Brenda
- Diergaarde Brenda
- Doddapaneni HarshaVardhan
- Dresdner Gideon
- Drummond Jennifer A.
- Egea Sophie
- Egloff Ann Marie
- Egloff Ann Marie
- El-Naggar Adel K.
- Eley Greg
- Fan You Hong
- Ferguson Martin L.
- Ferris Robert L.
- Ferris Robert L.
- Frazer Scott
- Frederick Mitchell J.
- Freeman Samuel S.
- Frick Jessica
- Funkhouser William K.
- Gabriel Stacey B.
- Gabriel Stacey B.
- Gao Jianjiong
- Gardner Johanna
- Gardner Johanna
- Gastier-Foster Julie M.
- Gehlenborg Nils
- Getz Gad
- Getz Gad
- Gibbs Richard A.
- Golusinski Pawel
- Golusinski Wojciech
- Gomez-Fernandez Carmen
- Grandis Jennifer R.
- Gross Benjamin
- Guin Ranabir
- Gulley Margaret L.
- Guo Yan
- Guo Yan
- Hackman Trevor G.
- Haddad Andrea S.
- Haddad Robert I.
- Hadjipanayis Angela
- Hale Walker
- Hammerman Peter S.
- Hammerman Peter S.
- Han Yi
- Harper Hollie A.
- Harris Thomas
- Haseley Psalm
- Hayes D. Neil
- Hayes D. Neil
- Hayes D. Neil
- Hayward Michele C.
- Heiman David I.
- Herbert Lynn
- Herman James G.
- Hoadley Katherine A.
- Holt Robert A.
- Hoyle Alan P.
- Huang Mei
- Hui Angela B. Y.
- Hui Angela B. Y.
- Ibbs Matthew
- Irish Jonathan
- Jacobsen Anders
- Jefferys Stuart R.
- Jensen Mark A.
- Jones Corbin D.
- Jones Steven J. M.
- Jones Tamara R.
- Jung Joonil
- Kahn An B.
- Kakkar Nipun
- Khan Zubair
- Kim Jaegil
- Kimes Patrick K.
- Komarck Christine M.
- Korski Konstanty
- Kovar Christie
- Kucherlapati Raju
- Ladanyi Marc
- Lander Eric
- Larid Peter W.
- Lau Kevin
- Lauskis Joseph Pau
- Lawrence Michael S.
- Lawrence Michael S.
- Le Yiling
- Lee Darlene
- Lee J. Jack
- Lee Semin
- Lee William
- Leraas Kristen
- Li Haiyan I.
- Lichtenberg Tara M.
- Lichtenstein Lee
- Lie Jinze
- Lin Pei
- Lippman Scott M.
- Lippman Scott M.
- Liu Fei-Fei
- Liu Fei-Fei
- Liu Wenbin
- Liu Yingchun
- Liu Yufeng
- Mackiewicz Andrzej
- Maglinte Dennis T.
- Mahadeshwar Harshad S.
- Malakh Mayya
- Mallery David
- Mallery David
- Marra Marco A.
- Marron J. S.
- Mayo Michael
- McHugh Jonathan B.
- McHugh Jonathan B.
- Meng Shaowu
- Meyerson Matthew
- Mieczkowski Piotr A.
- Mille Gordon
- Mitchell Colleen
- Moore Richard A.
- Morris Luc G.
- Morris Scott
- Morton Donna
- Mose Lisle E.
- Motter Thomas
- Moyer Jeffrey S.
- Mungall Andrew J.
- Muzny Donna
- Myers Jeff
- Myers Jeff
- Ng Patrick Kwok Shing
- Ng Sam
- Nguyen Ariane
- Noble Michael S.
- Ojesina Akinyemi I.
- Ozenberger Bradley A.
- Pantazi Angeliki
- Parfenov Michael
- Park Peter J.
- Parker Joel S.
- Pedamallu Chandra Sekhar
- Penny Robert
- Penny Robert
- Perez-Ordonez Bayardo
- Perez-Ordonez Bayardo
- Perou Charles M.
- Peterson Lisa A.
- Pham Michelle
- Pickering Curtis R.
- Pihl Todd D.
- Pot David A.
- Prince Mark E.
- Prins Jan F.
- Protopopov Alexei
- Prystowsky Michael
- Ramirez Nilsa C.
- Ramirez Ricardo
- Rathmell W. Kimryn
- Reid Jeff
- Ren Xiaojia
- Reva Boris
- Roach Jeffrey
- Robertson A. Gordon
- Romkes Marjorie
- Romkes Marjorie
- Rozek Laura S.
- Saksena Gordon
- Salazar Ashley H.
- Saleh Anthony D.
- Saller Charles
- Sander Chris
- Sandusky George
- Santoso Netty
- Sartor Maureen A.
- Sartor Maureen A.
- Schein Jacqueline E.
- Schultz Nikolaus
- Schumacher Steven E.
- Seethala Raja
- Seethala Raja
- Seidman Jonathan
- Seiwert Tanguy Y.
- Seth Sahil
- Shaw Kenna R. Mills
- Shelton Candace
- Shelton Troy
- Shelton Troy
- Shen Ronglai
- Sherman Mark
- Sheth Margi
- Shi Yan
- Shockley William W.
- Shores Carol G.
- Si Han
- Simons Janae V.
- Singh Darshan
- Sinhal Rileen
- Sipahimalan Payal
- Sofia Heidi J.
- Soloway Matthew G.
- Song Xingzhi
- Sougnez Carrie
- Sougnez Carrie
- Srinivasan Deepak
- Stojanov Petar
- Stuart Joshua
- Suchorska Wiktoria
- Sumer S. Onur
- Sun Yichao
- Szybiak Bartosz
- Tam Angela
- Tan Donghui
- Tang Jiabin
- Tarnuzzer Roy
- Tarvi Katherine
- Taylor Barry S.
- Taylor Evan G.
- Thiessen Nina
- Thorne Leigh
- Triche Timothy, Jr.
- Tward Aaron D.
- Tward Aaron D.
- Van den Berg David J.
- Van Waes Carter
- Veluvolu Umadevi
- Voet Doug
- Waggott Daryl M.
- Waggott Daryl M.
- Waldron John
- Walline Heather M.
- Walter Vonn
- Walton Jessica S.
- Wan Yunhu
- Wang Jing
- Wang Kai
- Wang Zhining
- Waring Scot
- Weinberger Paul
- Weinhold Nils
- Weinstein John
- Weisenberger Daniel J.
- Weissler Mark C.
- Wheeler David
- Wilkerson Matthew D.
- William William N., Jr.
- Wise Lisa
- Wiznerowicz Maciej
- Wiznerowicz Maciej
- Wolf Gregory T.
- Wong Tina
- Wrenn Sylvia
- Wu Junyuan
- Xi Liu
- Xu Andrew W.
- Yang Liming
- Yang Lixing
- Yarbrough Wendell G.
- Yarbrough Wendell G.
- Yau Christina
- Yena Peggy
- Yena Peggy
- Zack Travis I.
- Zanation Adam M.
- Zeng Dong
- Zenklusen Jean Claude
- Zhang Hailei
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jiexin
- Zhao Ni
- Zmuda Erik
- Zou Lihua
- Zuo Zhixiang
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 28/03/2016
- Field of study
The Cancer Genome Atlas profiled 279 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) to provide a comprehensive landscape of somatic genomic alterations. Here we show that human-papillomavirus-associated tumours are dominated by helical domain mutations of the oncogene PIK3CA, novel alterations involving loss of TRAF3, and amplification of the cell cycle gene E2F1. Smoking-related HNSCCs demonstrate near universal loss-of-function TP53 mutations and CDKN2A inactivation with frequent copy number alterations including amplification of 3q26/28 and 11q13/22. A subgroup of oral cavity tumours with favourable clinical outcomes displayed infrequent copy number alterations in conjunction with activating mutations of HRAS or PIK3CA, coupled with inactivating mutations of CASP8, NOTCH1 and TP53. Other distinct subgroups contained loss-of-function alterations of the chromatin modifier NSD1, WNT pathway genes AJUBA and FAT1, and activation of oxidative stress factor NFE2L2, mainly in laryngeal tumours. Therapeutic candidate alterations were identified in most HNSCCsclose9
Paediatric COVID-19 mortality: a database analysis of the impact of health resource disparity
- Author
- Aasiyah Rashan
- Abid Khatak
- Abigail Beane
- Adrian Streinu-Cercel
- Adrien Auvet
- Adrien Lemaignen
- Adrienne Chan
- Agnes Meybeck
- Agnes Sommet
- Agnieszka Oldakowska
- Agostinho Monteiro
- Ahmad Afiq Ramli
- Ahmad Kashfi Rahman
- Ahmed Farooq
- Aidan Burrell
- Albert Groenendijk
- Albert Sotto
- Albertus Beishuizen
- Aldric Manuel
- Alexa Debard
- Alexander Daniel Cornet
- Alexander J Mentzer
- Alexandra Bedossa
- Alexandra Coelho
- Alexandre Ducancelle
- Alexandre Gaymard
- Alexandre Hoctin
- Ali Hachemi
- Alif Adlan Thabit
- Alison M. Meynert
- Alistair Nichol
- Alpha Diallo
- Alphonsine Diouf
- AM Udara Attanyake
- Amanda Corley
- Amanda Rojek
- Amandine Gagneux-Brunon
- Amina Meziane
- Amirul Asyraf
- Amna Faheem
- Amélie Valran
- Ana Freitas Ribeiro
- Ana L Rios
- Ana Martins
- Ana Silva Filipe
- Anant Kataria
- Anca Streinu-Cercel
- Andrea Angheben
- Andrea Rossanese
- Andrew Dagens
- Andrew Udy
- Andrey Svistunov
- André Cabié
- André Dias
- Andy Law
- Anika Atique
- Anilawati Mat Jelani
- Anissa Chair
- Anja Grosse Lordemann
- Anjellica Chen
- Anna Beltrame
- Anne Conrad
- Anne Guillaumot
- Anne McCarthy
- Anne-Hélène Boivin
- Anne-Marie Guerguerian
- Anne-Sophie Boureau
- Anne-Sophie Resseguier
- Annelies Verbon
- Annemarie B. Docherty
- Annmarie O'Callaghan
- Ansley Hamer
- Anthony L. Loschner
- Anthony Lemeur
- Anthony Nghi
- Antoine Cheret
- Antoine Khalil
- Antoine Kimmoun
- Antoine Merckx
- Antonia Ho
- Antonio Lalueza
- António Mesquita
- Arabella Fahy
- Ardiyan Apriyana
- Arfan Ikram
- Aria Kekalih
- Arianne Joy Corpuz
- Arjen M Dondorp
- Arnaud Scherpereel
- Arsene Kpangon
- Ary Serpa Neto
- Asgar Rishu
- Ashraf Sheharyar
- Asma Moin
- Astarini Hidayah
- Attaur Rehman
- Audrey Barrelet
- Aurore Bousquet
- Aurélie Papadopoulos
- Aurélie Veislinger
- Aurélie Wiedemann
- Axelle Braconnier
- Azlan Mat Soom
- B. P Edouard Soum
- Barbara Wanjiru Citarella
- Basri Mat Nor
- Beatrice Alex
- Benedict Sim Heng
- Benjamin Bach
- Benjamin Lefèvre
- Benjamine Sarton
- Benoit Thill
- Benoit Visseaux
- Benoît Roze
- Bernard Cholley
- Bernardo Ferreira
- Bertrand Dussol
- Bharath Kumar Vijayaraghavan
- Bianca Boxma
- Biing Horng Lee
- Blandine Rammaert
- Bouchra Loufti
- Brenda Reeve
- Brigitte Elharrar
- Bronner P Gonçalves
- Bronner P. Gonçalves
- Bruno Levy
- Bruno Lina
- Bruno Pastene
- Bénédicte Lefebvre
- Bénédicte Rossignol
- Calum Semple
- Calvin Wong
- Cameron J. Fairfield
- Camile Bouisse
- Camille Couffignal
- Carine Roy
- Carlo Giaquinto
- Carlos Alexandre Brito
- Carlos Lumbreras Bermejo
- Carlos Pimentel
- Carola Pierobon
- Carolien van Netten
- Caroline Martins Rego
- Caroline Mudara
- Caroline Semaille
- Carolline Araujo
- Carrol Gamble
- Catarina Espírito Santo
- Catarina Pires
- Catherine A. Shaw
- Catherine Chakveatze
- Catherine Chirouze
- Catherine L. Hough
- Cecile Azoulay
- Cecile Yelnik
- Cedric Laouenan
- Ceila Sant'Ana Malaque
- Celina Turchi Martelli
- Chamira Kodippily
- Chan Chee Eng
- Charlene Da Silveira
- Charline Vauchy
- Charlotte Salmon Gandonniere
- Charlotte Summers
- Chian Hui Yeoh
- Chiara Simona Cardellino
- Chloe Donohue
- Christel Arnold-Day
- Christelle Chantalat Auger
- Christelle Delmas
- Christelle Paul
- Christelle Tual
- Christian Rabaud
- Christiana Kartsonaki
- Christl A Donnelly
- Christophe Fraser
- Christophe Rapp
- Christopher A. Green
- Claire Andrejak
- Claire Lévy-Marchal
- Clara Flateau
- Clara Mouton Perrot
- Clare Jackson
- Clark D. Russell
- Claudia Figueiredo-Mello
- Claudia Milena Orozco-Chamorro
- Claudia Montes
- Claudina Cruz
- Claudine Badr
- Claudio Duarte Fonseca
- Clotilde Allavena
- Clément Le Bihan
- Colin McArthur
- Coline Jaud-Fischer
- Coralie Khan
- Coralie Tardivon
- Corine Delsing
- Corinne Daniel
- Cornelius Rau
- Courtney Greene
- Cynthia Braga
- Cyril Cadoz
- Cyril Le Bris
- Cécile Goujard
- Cécile Mear-Passard
- Cécile Tromeur
- Cédric Joseph
- Céline Dorival
- Céline Ficko
- Céline Michelanglei
- César Vieira
- Dafsah Juzar
- Damien Bouhour
- Daniel Glikman
- Daniel Haber
- Daniel Marino
- Daniel Mathieu
- Daniel Munblit
- Daniel Perez
- Daniela Guerreiro
- Danielle Jaafar
- David L. Robertson
- David Maslove
- David Richardson
- David S.Y. Ong
- David Stuart
- David Thomson
- David Zucman
- Debby Bogaert
- Deepashankari Suppiah
- Dehbia Benkerrou
- Delphine Bachelet
- Delphine Bergeaud
- Delphine Lariviere
- Demetrios Kutsogiannis
- Denis Butnaru
- Denis Garot
- Denis Malvy
- Denisa Khoo
- Desy Rusmawatiningtyas
- Detlef Kindgen-Milles
- Dewi Guellec
- Diana Adrião
- Diana Hernández
- Diana Póvoas
- Diane Descamps
- Diane Ponscarme
- Didier Laureillard
- Diego Fernando Rincon
- Diogo Borges
- Diogo Lopes
- Diptesh Aryal
- Djura Piersma
- Dominique Deplanque
- Dominique Luton
- Dounia Bouhmani
- Douwe F. Postma
- Duc Nguyen
- Dyah Kanya Wati
- Dzawani Muhamad
- Eder Caceres
- Edmund Manning
- Eglantine Ferrand Devouge
- Egle Saviciute
- Elias Iosifidis
- Elisa Demonchy
- Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- Elise Artaud-Macari
- Ellen Shadowitz
- Elodie Curlier
- Elsa Nyamankolly
- Ema Leal
- Eman Al Qasim
- Emma C. Thomson
- Emma Clarke
- Emma Costigan
- Emmanuel Roilides
- Emmanuelle A Dankwa
- Emmanuelle Denis
- Emmanuelle Mercier
- Eric D'ortenzio
- Eric Delaveuve
- Eric Oziol
- Eric Senneville
- Erlina Burhan
- Ernita Akmal
- Erwan Fourn
- Erwan L'her
- Esteban Garcia-Gallo
- Etienne De Montmollin
- Eva Geraud
- Eva Miranda Marwali
- Eve Defous
- Evert-Jan Wils
- Ewa Talarek
- Ewen M. Harrison
- Fabio S. Taccone
- Fabrice Laine
- Fakhir Haidri
- Fanny Vuotto
- Fara Diop
- Farah Nadiah Bidin
- Felwa Bin Humaid
- Fernando Augusto Bozza
- Fernando Maltez
- Filipa Cardoso
- Filipe Cardoso
- Fiona Griffiths
- Firouzé Bani-Sadr
- Florence Jego
- Florent Peelman
- Florentia Kaguelidou
- France Mentré
- François Angoulvant
- François Bissuel
- François Bompart
- François Dubos
- François Goehringer
- François Lellouche
- François Martin Carrier
- François Téoulé
- François-Xavier Catherine
- François-Xavier Ferrand
- François-Xavier Lescure
- Félix Djossou
- Gabriel Macheda
- Gail Carson
- Gamage Dona Priyadarshani
- Gan Ee Xian
- Ganesh Kumar
- Gary Leeming
- Geoffrey Liegeon
- Georges Le Falher
- Georgios Pollakis
- Geraldine Goco
- Gianluigi Li Bassi
- Gilles Peytavin
- Giri Shan Rajahram
- Giulia Bertoli
- Graham S. Cooke
- Grazielle Viana Ramos
- Gry Kloumann Bekken
- Grégory Corvaisier
- Gugapriyaa Muyandy
- Guillame Louis
- Guillaume Lingas
- Guillaume Martin-Blondel
- Guillermo Giordano
- Guillermo Maestro de la Calle
- Guylaine Castor-Alexandre
- Gwenaël Le Moal
- Gwenhaël Colin
- Ha Sha Lene
- Hajnal-Gabriela Illes
- Hanan Fateena
- Hanna Renk
- Hannah Habraken
- Hans Martin Bosse
- Harald Vonkeman
- Hashmi Madiha
- Hayley Hardwick
- Heidi Dalton
- Heidi Gruner
- Heidi Jean Dalton
- Heng Gee Lee
- Hervé Le Nagard
- Hiba Zayyad
- Hikombo Hitoto
- Himasha Muvindi
- Himed Musaab
- Hiu Jian Chua
- Hodane Yonis
- Hon Shen Png
- Hongru Ren
- Hubert Tessier-Grenier
- Huda Alfoudri
- Hugo Inácio
- Hugo Mouquet Ben Morton
- Hugues Aumaître
- Hugues Cordel
- Husna Begum
- Hwa Jin Cho
- Hélène Espérou
- Hélène Salvator
- Ikram Houas
- Ilka Engelmann
- Ilonka van Veen
- Ingrid G Bustos
- Irfan Khan
- Isabela Bolaños
- Isabelle Delacroix
- Isabelle Enderle
- Isabelle Fabre
- Isabelle Gorenne
- Isabelle Hoffmann
- Isabelle Michelet
- Isabelle Pironneau
- Ithan D. Peltan
- Ivy Cerelia Valerie
- J. Kenneth Baillie
- Jacky Y. Suen
- Jade Ghosn
- Jaganathan Selvanayagam
- Jaime Cruz Rojo
- Jake Dunning
- James Joshua Douglas
- James Lee
- James Scott-Brown
- James Vickers
- Jananee Thirumanickam
- Janet Harrison
- Janet T. Scott
- Jaques Sztajnbok
- Jarne Van Hattem
- Jason Bouziotis
- Jean Baptiste Assie
- Jean Christophe Lucet
- Jean-Benoît Arlet
- Jean-Charles Gagnard
- Jean-Charles Preiser
- Jean-Christophe Goffard
- Jean-Daniel Lelievre
- Jean-François Payen
- Jean-François Timsit
- Jean-Luc Diehl
- Jean-Marc Chapplain
- Jean-Marie Turmel
- Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Jeanne Sibiude
- Jeanne Truong
- Jee Yan Ong
- Jennifer Lee
- Jenny Lennon
- Jeremie Guedj
- Jess Gibson
- Jia Shyi Loy
- Jia Wei
- Jillian Deacon
- Jimmy Ming-Yang Hsu
- Jimmy Mullaert
- Jin Yi Goh
- Jo Dalton
- Joana Alves Cabrita
- Joana Ferrão
- Joaquín Baruch
- Job van der Palen
- Johann Auchabie
- John F Fraser
- John Marshall
- Jolanta Popielska
- Jonathan Bitton
- Jonathan Chua
- Jonathan Remppis
- Jordan Zhien Toh
- Jorge Dantas
- Jorge Fernandes
- Jorge Paulos
- Jose Andres Calvache
- Jose M. Mandei
- Joshua Solomon
- José Casimiro
- José Ernesto Vidal
- José Luis Sobrino
- José Ramalho
- João Estevão
- João Teixeira
- Juan Luis Bermúdez
- Jules Bauer
- Julian Chica
- Juliana Damas
- Julie Chas
- Julie Mankikian
- Julien Jabot
- Julien Moyet
- Julien Poissy
- Juliette Patrier
- Juliette Romaru
- Justine Pages Maïder Pagadoy
- Jérémie Pasquier
- Jérôme Dimet
- Kah Chuan Lim
- Kalaiarasu Peariasamy
- Kalynn Kennon
- Karen Delavigne
- Karine Bezulier
- Karine Faure
- Karine Risso
- Karisha Sivam
- Karl Erik Müller
- Karolina Nowicka
- Katharina Weil
- Kathy Brickell
- Katie O'Hearn
- Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou
- Kenneth A McLean
- Ker Hong Bee
- Kevin Katz
- Khor How Kiat
- Kim Keat Tan
- Kok Wei Hao
- Kong Yeow Kang
- Konrad Zawadka
- Krishna Bhavsar
- Kuan Pei Xuan
- Kusum Menon
- Kévin Alexandre
- Kévin Bouiller
- Kévin Didier
- Laetitia Bodenes
- Lai Hui Pang
- Lance C.W. Turtle
- Lara Absil
- Lars Heggelund
- Laura Marsh
- Laura Merson
- Laure Goubert
- Lauren Deconninck
- Laurence Bouillet
- Laurence Maulin
- Laurent Abel
- Laurent Bitker
- Laurent Guilleminault
- Laurent Lefebvre
- Laurent Mandelbrot
- Laurent Plantier
- Laurent Richier
- Laurène Azemar
- Lee Lee Low
- Leong Chee Loon
- Leong Chin Tho
- Liem Luong
- Lila Bouadma
- Lim Lina
- Lim Saio Xian
- Lim Yuen Han
- Lina Morales Cely
- Linda O'Shea
- Lionel Eric Benjiman
- Lionel Piroth
- Lisa Norman
- Louis Gerbaud Morlaes
- Louise Sigfrid
- Lucia Moro
- Lucie Le Fevre
- Lucille Blumberg
- Luis Felipe Reyes
- Luís Val-Flores
- Lysa Tagherset
- M Azhari Taufik
- Mageswari Selvarajoo
- Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Maire-Laure Casanova
- Malcolm G. Semple
- Malte Kohns Vasconcelos
- Malte Kohns Vasconcelos
- Manuel Etienne
- Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Maram Zahran
- Marc Fabre
- Marc Lambert
- Marc Leone
- Marcel van den Berge
- Marcela Vieira Freire
- Margarida Torres
- Margaux Isnard
- Maria Amaral
- Maria Donnelly
- Maria Pokorska-Spiewak
- Maria Zambon
- Mariana Cascão
- Marie Bartoli
- Marie Connor
- Marie Gominet
- Marie Lachatre
- Marie Lacoste
- Marie Lagrange
- Marie Langelot-Richard
- Marie Rafiq
- Marie-Capucine Tellier
- Marie-Charlotte Chopin
- Marie-Christine Carret
- Marie-Pierre Debray
- Marieke Haalboom
- Marielle Boyer-Besseyre
- Marielle Buisson
- Marije Lowik
- Marina Esposito-Farèse
- Marina Lanza
- Marine Beluze
- Marine Livrozet
- Marion Le Maréchal
- Marion Noret
- Marion Schneider
- Marion Zabbe
- Marjolein Brusse-Keizer
- Mark G. Pritchard
- Mark Joseph
- Marlene Murris
- Marsilla Marzukie
- Marta Leal Santos
- Marta Torre
- Martin Guego
- Martin Martinot
- Martina Escher
- Martine Remy
- Mary Copland
- Marília Andreia Fernandes
- Masliza Zahid
- Massimo Palmarini
- Mathieu Blot
- Mathieu Lesouhaitier
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- Matthieu Revest
- Maude Bouscambert
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- Nathan Peiffer-Smadja
- Navy Lolong
- Nazreen Abu Bakar
- Neerusha Kaisbain
- Neurinda Permata Kusumastuti
- Ng Yong Muh
- Ng Yong Siang
- Nicholas Sedillot
- Nicholas Yee Hing
- Nick Daneman
- Nicolas Benech
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- Ogechukwu Menkiti
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- Ouifiya Kafif
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- Pedro Faria
- Peter de Vries
- Peter Horby
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- Peter Van der Voort
- Petr Glybochko
- PG Ishara Udayanga
- Philippe Jouvet
- Philippine Eloy
- Phoebe Ampaw
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- Piero L. Olliaro
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- Sophie Mahy
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- Steve Webb
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- Stéphane Lasry
- Stéphane Sallaberry
- Stéphanie Cousse
- Stéphanie Fry
- Subhash Acharya
- Sue Smith
- Suhaila Abdul Wahab
- Surain Raaj Thurai
- Suresh Kumar Chidambaram
- Sushil Khanal
- Suvintheran Thangavelu
- Swosti Joshi
- Syamin Asyraf Shahidan
- Sybille Bevilcaqua
- Sylvain Diamantis
- Sylvie Behilill
- Sylvie LeGac
- Sylvie Lion-Daolio
- Sylvie Van Der Werf
- Sze Kye Teoh
- Séverine Ansart
- Tae Song
- Tahira Jamal Mohamed
- Tala Al-Dabbous
- Tan Pei Wen
- Tatiana Fonseca
- Teck Fung Wong
- Teresa Lawrence
- Thalha Rashan
- Tharmini Ravi
- Thavamany Kaleesvran
- Thibault Chiarabini
- Thierry Carmoi
- Thierry Mazzoni
- Thomas Flament
- Thomas Guimard
- Thomas Maitre
- Thomas Perpoint
- Thushan de Silva
- Théo Treoux
- Tiago Isidoro
- Tiffany Trouillon
- Timo Brandenburger
- Timothy M. Uyeki
- Ting Soo Chow
- Tiphaine Goulenok
- Todd C Lee
- Todd Karsies
- Tom Drake
- Tom Fletcher
- Tom Solomon
- Tony Trapani
- Tristan Gigante
- Tze Vee Soh
- Tze Yuan Tee
- Tânia Sequeira
- Valentine Campana
- Valeria Balan
- Valla Sahraei
- Valérie Gaborieau
- Valérie Garrait
- Valérie Gissot
- Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu
- Vanina Meysonnier
- Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez
- Victor Fomin
- Victoria Manda
- Victoria Shaw
- Vilmaris Quinones-Cardona
- Vincent Dinot
- Vincent Dubée
- Vincent Enouf
- Vincent Langlois
- Vincent Le Moing
- Vincent Peigne
- Vincent Pestre
- Vincent Thibault
- Vinod Kumar
- Vinothini Krishnan
- Véronique Lemee
- Víctor Quirós González
- Waasila Jassat
- Walter Picard
- Wei Han Hoh
- Wei Shen Lim
- Wendy S. Barclay
- William A. Paxton
- William Dechert
- William Greenhalf
- Wilna Oosthuyzen
- Wim Dieperink
- Xavier Duval
- Xin Ci Wong
- Yael Dishon
- Yan Chyi Tan
- Yaseen Arabi
- Yasmin Gani
- Yazdan Yazdanpanah
- Yen Tsen Saw
- Yew Sing Wong
- Yi Bin Ho
- Yi Lin Lee
- Ymkje Stienstra
- Yoan Lavie-Badie
- Younes Ait Tamlihat
- Younes Kerroumi
- Yun Sii Ing
- Yusing Gu
- Yvelynne Kelly
- Yves Levy
- Zhang Duan Tham
- Zul Amali Kamaruddin
- Zulfiqar Sandhu
- Publication venue
- 'BMJ'
- Publication date
- 01/10/2022
- Field of study
Background The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric populations varied between high-income countries (HICs) versus low-income to middle-income countries (LMICs). We sought to investigate differences in paediatric clinical outcomes and identify factors contributing to disparity between countries.Methods The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 database was queried to include children under 19 years of age admitted to hospital from January 2020 to April 2021 with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Univariate and multivariable analysis of contributing factors for mortality were assessed by country group (HICs vs LMICs) as defined by the World Bank criteria.Results A total of 12 860 children (3819 from 21 HICs and 9041 from 15 LMICs) participated in this study. Of these, 8961 were laboratory-confirmed and 3899 suspected COVID-19 cases. About 52% of LMICs children were black, and more than 40% were infants and adolescent. Overall in-hospital mortality rate (95% CI) was 3.3% [=(3.0% to 3.6%), higher in LMICs than HICs (4.0% (3.6% to 4.4%) and 1.7% (1.3% to 2.1%), respectively). There were significant differences between country income groups in intervention profile, with higher use of antibiotics, antivirals, corticosteroids, prone positioning, high flow nasal cannula, non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation in HICs. Out of the 439 mechanically ventilated children, mortality occurred in 106 (24.1%) subjects, which was higher in LMICs than HICs (89 (43.6%) vs 17 (7.2%) respectively). Pre-existing infectious comorbidities (tuberculosis and HIV) and some complications (bacterial pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and myocarditis) were significantly higher in LMICs compared with HICs. On multivariable analysis, LMIC as country income group was associated with increased risk of mortality (adjusted HR 4.73 (3.16 to 7.10)).Conclusion Mortality and morbidities were higher in LMICs than HICs, and it may be attributable to differences in patient demographics, complications and access to supportive and treatment modalities
Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356
- Author
- Abdelmohsen Kotb
- Abe Akihisa
- Abedin Md Joynal
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Adachi Hiroaki
- Adams Christopher M.
- Adams Peter D.
- Adeli Khosrow
- Adhihetty Peter J.
- Adler Sharon G.
- Agam Galila
- Agarwal Rajesh
- Aghi Manish K.
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguilar Patricia V.
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio
- Airoldi Edoardo M.
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akporiaye Emmanuel T.
- Al-Rubeai Mohamed
- Albaiceta Guillermo M.
- Albanese Chris
- Albani Diego
- Albert Matthew L.
- Aldudo Jesus
- Algül Hana
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Alloza Iraide
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Beceril Maylin
- Alnemri Emad S.
- Alonso Covadonga
- Altan-Bonnet Nihal
- Altieri Dario C.
- Alvarez Silvia
- Alvarez-Erviti Lydia
- Alves Sandro
- Amadoro Giuseppina
- Amano Atsuo
- Amantini Consuelo
- Ambrosio Santiago
- Amelio Ivano
- Amer Amal O.
- Amessou Mohamed
- Amon Angelika
- An Zhenyi
- Anania Frank A.
- Andersen Stig U.
- Andley Usha P.
- Andreadi Catherine K.
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Anel Alberto
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
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- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Aquila Saveria
- Aquilano Katia
- Araki Koichi
- Arama Eli
- Aranda Agustin
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- Wilkinson Simon
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- Xu Yangqing
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- Xu Zhi-Xiang
- Xu Ziheng
- Xue Yu
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- Yamanaka Koji
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- Yamashiro Shigeko
- Yan Bing
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- Yao Pamela J.
- Yao Xiaofeng
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- Yao Zhiyuan
- Yasui Linda S.
- Ye Mingxiang
- Yedvobnick Barry
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yeh Elizabeth S.
- Yeyati Patricia L.
- Yi Fan
- Yi Long
- Yin Xiao-Ming
- Yip Calvin K.
- Yoo Yeong-Min
- Yoo Young Hyun
- Yoon Seung-Yong
- Yoshida Ken-Ichi
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
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- Yu Huixin
- Yu Jane J.
- Yu Jin-Tai
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- Yu W. Haung
- Yu Xiao-Fang
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- Yuan Zhi-Min
- Yue Beatrice Y. J. T.
- Yue Jianbo
- Yue Zhenyu
- Zacks David N.
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zaglia Tania
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zecchini Vincent
- Zeng Jinsheng
- Zeng Min
- Zeng Qi
- Zervos Antonis S.
- Zhang Donna D.
- Zhang Fan
- Zhang Guo
- Zhang Guo-Chang
- Zhang Hao
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hongbing
- Zhang Jian
- Zhang Jiangwei
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing-Pu
- Zhang Li
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming-Yong
- Zhang Xiangnan
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhang Yan
- Zhang Yang
- Zhang Yanjin
- Zhang Yingmei
- Zhang Yunjiao
- Zhao Mei
- Zhao Wei-Li
- Zhao Xiaonan
- Zhao Yan G.
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Yongchao
- Zhao Yu-Xia
- Zhao Zhendong
- Zhao Zhizhuang J.
- Zheng Dexian
- Zheng Xi-Long
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Guang-Zhou
- Zhou Guofei
- Zhou Huiping
- Zhou Shu-Feng
- Zhou Xu-Jie
- Zhu Hongxin
- Zhu Hua
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Wenhua
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
- Zhu Yuhua
- Zhuang Shi-Mei
- Zhuang Xiaohong
- Ziparo Elio
- Zois Christos E.
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zughaier Susu M.
- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2016
- Field of study
non present
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)
- Author
- Abdelmohsen Kotb
- Abe Akihisa
- Abedin Md Joynal
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Adachi Hiroaki
- Adams Christopher M.
- Adams Peter D.
- Adeli Khosrow
- Adhihetty Peter J.
- Adler Sharon G.
- Agam Galila
- Agarwal Rajesh
- Aghi Manish K.
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguilar Patricia V.
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio
- Airoldi Edoardo M.
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akporiaye Emmanuel T.
- Al-Rubeai Mohamed
- Albaiceta Guillermo M.
- Albanese Chris
- Albani Diego
- Albert Matthew L.
- Aldudo Jesus
- Alguel Hana
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Alloza Iraide
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Beceril Maylin
- Alnemri Emad S.
- Alonso Covadonga
- Altan-Bonnet Nihal
- Altieri Dario C.
- Alvarez Silvia
- Alvarez-Erviti Lydia
- Alves Sandro
- Amadoro Giuseppina
- Amano Atsuo
- Amantini Consuelo
- Ambrosio Santiago
- Amelio Ivano
- Amer Amal O.
- Amessou Mohamed
- Amon Angelika
- An Zhenyi
- Ana Gonzalez-Polo Rosa
- Anania Frank A.
- Andersen Stig U.
- Andley Usha P.
- Andreadi Catherine K.
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Anel Alberto
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Antonioli Manuela
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Aquila Saveria
- Aquilano Katia
- Araki Koichi
- Arama Eli
- Aranda Agustin
- Araya Jun
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- Viale Andrea
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- Vila Miquel
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- Viola Giampietro
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- Wan Xiangbo
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- Wang Haichao
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- Wang Hongmin
- Wang Horng-Dar
- Wang Jing
- Wang Junjun
- Wang Mei
- Wang Mei-Qing
- Wang Pei-Yu
- Wang Peng
- Wang Richard C.
- Wang Shuo
- Wang Ting-Fang
- Wang Xian
- Wang Xiao-jia
- Wang Xiao-Wei
- Wang Xin
- Wang Xuejun
- Wang Yan
- Wang Yanming
- Wang Ying
- Wang Ying-Jan
- Wang Yipeng
- Wang Yu
- Wang Yu Tian
- Wang Yuqing
- Wang Zhi-Nong
- Wappner Pablo
- Ward Carl
- Ward Diane Mcvey
- Warnes Gary
- Watada Hirotaka
- Watanabe Yoshihisa
- Watase Kei
- Weaver Timothy E.
- Weekes Colin D.
- Wei Jiwu
- Weide Thomas
- Weihl Conrad C.
- Weindl Guenther
- Weis Simone Nardin
- Wen Longping
- Wen Xin
- Wen Yunfei
- Westermann Benedikt
- Weyand Cornelia M.
- White Anthony R.
- White Eileen
- Whitton J. Lindsay
- Whitworth Alexander J.
- Wiels Joelle
- Wild Franziska
- Wildenberg Manon E.
- Wileman Tom
- Wilkinson Deepti Srinivas
- Wilkinson Simon
- Willbold Dieter
- Williams Chris
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- Williamson Peter R.
- Winklhofer Konstanze F.
- Witkin Steven S.
- Wohlgemuth Stephanie E.
- Wollert Thomas
- Wolvetang Ernst J.
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- Wong G. William
- Wong Richard W.
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- Xie Zhiping
- Xie Zhonglin
- Xilouri Maria
- Xiong Yuyan
- Xu Chuanshan
- Xu Congfeng
- Xu Feng
- Xu Haoxing
- Xu Hongwei
- Xu Jian
- Xu Jianzhen
- Xu Jinxian
- Xu Liang
- Xu Xiaolei
- Xu Yangqing
- Xu Ye
- Xu Zhi-Xiang
- Xu Ziheng
- Xue Yu
- Yamada Takahiro
- Yamamoto Ai
- Yamanaka Koji
- Yamashina Shunhei
- Yamashiro Shigeko
- Yan Bing
- Yan Bo
- Yan Xianghua
- Yan Zhen
- Yanagi Yasuo
- Yang Dun-Sheng
- Yang Jin-Ming
- Yang Liu
- Yang Minghua
- Yang Pei-Ming
- Yang Peixin
- Yang Qian
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Xuesong
- Yang Yi
- Yang Ying
- Yang Zhifen
- Yang Zhihong
- Yao Meng-Chao
- Yao Pamela J.
- Yao Xiaofeng
- Yao Zhenyu
- Yao Zhiyuan
- Yasui Linda S.
- Ye Mingxiang
- Yedvobnick Barry
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yeh Elizabeth S.
- Yeyati Patricia L.
- Yi Fan
- Yi Long
- Yin Xiao-Ming
- Yip Calvin K.
- Yoo Yeong-Min
- Yoo Young Hyun
- Yoon Seung-Yong
- Yoshida Ken-Ichi
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Young Ken H.
- Yu Huixin
- Yu Jane J.
- Yu Jin-Tai
- Yu Jun
- Yu Li
- Yu W. Haung
- Yu Xiao-Fang
- Yu Zhengping
- Yuan Junying
- Yuan Zhi-Min
- Yue Beatrice Y. J. T.
- Yue Jianbo
- Yue Zhenyu
- Zacks David N.
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zaglia Tania
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zecchini Vincent
- Zeng Jinsheng
- Zeng Min
- Zeng Qi
- Zervos Antonis S.
- Zhang Donna D.
- Zhang Fan
- Zhang Guo
- Zhang Guo-Chang
- Zhang Hao
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hongbing
- Zhang Jian
- Zhang Jian
- Zhang Jiangwei
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing-pu
- Zhang Li
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming-Yong
- Zhang Xiangnan
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhang Yan
- Zhang Yang
- Zhang Yanjin
- Zhang Yingmei
- Zhang Yunjiao
- Zhao Mei
- Zhao Wei-Li
- Zhao Xiaonan
- Zhao Yan G.
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Yongchao
- Zhao Yu-Xia
- Zhao Zhendong
- Zhao Zhizhuang J.
- Zheng Dexian
- Zheng Xi-Long
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Guang-Zhou
- Zhou Guofei
- Zhou Huiping
- Zhou Shu-Feng
- Zhou Xu-Jie
- Zhu Hongxin
- Zhu Hua
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Wenhua
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
- Zhu Yuhua
- Zhuang Shi-Mei
- Zhuang Xiaohong
- Ziparo Elio
- Zois Christos E.
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zughaier Susu M.
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2016
- Field of study
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T
- Acevedo Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre Ghiso Julio A
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait Si Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al Younes Hesham M
- Al Zeer Munir A
- Albert Matthew L
- Albin Roger L
- Alegre Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K
- Anoopkumar Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y. O
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- B\ue1nhegyi G\ue1bor
- B\ue9chet Daniel M
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K
- Baehrecke Eric H
- Bahr Ben A
- Bai Xue Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A
- Bampton Edward T. W
- Bartholomew Clinton R
- Bassham Diane C
- Bast Robert C
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro S\ue9bastien
- Bhatia Kissova Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S
- Boise Lawrence H
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C
- Bortoluci Karina R
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Bourquin Jean Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer Guittaut Micha\uebl
- Bozhkov Peter V
- Brady Nathan R
- BRANCOLINI Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L
- Brookes Paul S
- Brown Eric J
- Brumell John H
- Brunetti Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T
- Bulman Dennis E
- Bultman Scott J
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahov\ue1 Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B
- Carding Simon R
- Cardoso Sandra M
- Carew Jennifer S
- Carlin Cathleen R
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A. M
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han Jung
- Chai Chee Yin
- Chan David C
- Chan Edmond Y
- Chang Raymond Chuen Chung
- Che Chi Ming
- Chen Ching Chow
- Chen Guang Chao
- Chen Guo Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S. L
- Chen Wenli
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H. K
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih Shen
- Chiou Shih Hwa
- Chisari Francis V
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong Hyung
- Choi Augustine M. K
- Choi Dooseok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung Hsien
- Chueh Sheau Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong Joon
- Chye Mee Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R
- Clague Michael J
- Clark Robert S. B
- Clarke Peter G. H
- Clarke Robert
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A
- Colombo Mar\ueda I
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P
- Cregg James M
- Crespo Jos\ue9 L
- Cronj\ue9 Marianne J
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J
- Czaja Mark J
- D'Amelio Marcello
- D\uedaz Araya Guillermo
- D\uedaz Laviada In\ue9s
- Darfeuille Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M
- Davies Faith E
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F
- de Haan Cornelis A. M
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M. D
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel J\uf6rn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D
- Devenish Rodney J
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz Meco Maria T
- Diaz Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh Kumar Savithramma P
- Ding Wen Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marl\ue8ne
- Drew Mark E
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Edelstein Charles L
- Edinger Aimee L
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El Deiry Wafik S
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- F\ue9s\ufcs L\ue1szl\uf3
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farr\ue9 Jean Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo Pereira Maria E
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A
- Fisher Paul B
- Flajolet Marc
- Florez McClure Maria L
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
- Fowler Daniel H
- Fox Howard S
- Franco Rodrigo
- Frankel Lisa B
- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes Jos\ue9 M
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G
- Gao Fen Biao
- Gao George F
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Manero Guillermo
- Garcia Marcos Mikel
- Garcia Lorena
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R
- Gegg Matthew E
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N
- Gibson Spencer B
- Gilkerson Robert W
- Ginger Michael L
- Ginsberg Henry N
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora C\ue9line
- Gonz\ue1lez Est\ue9vez Cristina
- Gonz\ue1lez Polo Rosa Ana
- Gonzalez Rey Elena
- Gonzalez Claudio D
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gorbunov Nikolai V
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D
- Green Kim N
- Gregorc Ale\u161
- Gros Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun Lin
- Guan Kun Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M
- Gukovskaya Anna S
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Asa B
- H\ue9bert Marie Jose\ue9
- H\uf6hfeld J\uf6rg
- H\uf8yer Hansen Maria
- Halayko Andrew J
- Hale Amber N
- Halonen Sandra K
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E
- Harper J. Wade
- Harris Adrian L
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A
- Hayashi Shin ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A
- He Congcong
- He You Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A
- Helfrich Miep H
- Helgason Gudmundur V
- Henske Elizabeth P
- Herman Brian
- Herman Paul K
- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G
- Holyoake Tessa L
- Hong Ming Huang
- Hood David A
- Hotamisligil G\uf6khan S
- Houwerzijl Ewout J
- Hu Bingren
- Hu Chien An A
- Hu Hong Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei Pang
- Huber Tobias B
- Huh Won Ki
- Hung Tai Ho
- Hupp Ted R
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B
- Hussain Sabah N. A
- Hussey Patrick J
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L
- Ip Nancy Y
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- J\ue4\ue4ttel\ue4 Marja
- Jaakkola Panu M
- Jackson George R
- Jackson William T
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju Hong
- Jeung Eui Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jim\ue9nez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan
- Joe Cheol O
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E
- Johnson Gail V. W
- Jones Nicola L
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K
- Joubert Annie M
- Juh\ue1sz G\ue1bor
- Juillerat Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong Keun
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kagedal Katarina
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O
- Kampinga Harm H
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
- Kang Khong Bee
- Kang Kwang Il
- Kang Rui
- Kang Yoon A
- Kanki Tomotake
- Kanneganti Thirumala Devi
- Kanno Haruo
- Kanthasamy Anumantha G
- Kanthasamy Arthi
- Karantza Vassiliki
- Kaushal Gur P
- Kaushik Susmita
- Kawazoe Yoshinori
- Ke Po Yuan
- Kehrl John H
- Kelekar Ameeta
- Kerkhoff Claus
- Kessel David H
- Khalil Hany
- Kiel Jan A. K. W
- Kiger Amy A
- Kihara Akio
- Kim Deok Ryong
- Kim Do Hyung
- Kim Dong Hou
- Kim Eun Kyoung
- Kim Hyung Ryong
- Kim Jae Sung
- Kim Jeong Hun
- Kim Jin Cheon
- Kim John K
- Kim Peter K
- Kim Seong Who
- Kim Yong Sun
- Kim Yonghyun
- Kimchi Adi
- Kimmelman Alec C
- King Jason S
- Kinsella Timothy J
- Kirkin Vladimir
- Kirshenbaum Lorrie A
- Kitamoto Katsuhiko
- Kitazato Kaio
- Klein Ludger
- Klimecki Walter T
- Klionsky Daniel J
- Klucken Jochen
- Knecht Erwin
- Ko Ben C. B
- Koch Jan C
- Koga Hiroshi
- Koh Jae Young
- Koh Young Ho
- Koike Masato
- Komatsu Masaaki
- Kominami Eiki
- Kong Hee Jeong
- Kong Wei Jia
- Korolchuk Viktor I
- Kotake Yaichiro
- Koukourakis Michael I
- Kouri Flores Juan B
- Kov\ue1cs Attila L
- Kr\ue4mer Helmut
- Kr\ufcger Rejko
- Kraft Claudine
- Krainc Dimitri
- Kretz Remy Carole
- Krichevsky Anna M
- Kroemer Guido
- Krut Oleg
- Ktistakis Nicholas T
- Kuan Chia Yi
- Kucharczyk Roza
- Kumar Ashok
- Kumar Raj
- Kumar Sharad
- Kundu Mondira
- Kung Hsing Jien
- Kurz Tino
- Kwon Ho Jeong
- L\u151w Peter
- L\ue1szl\uf3 Lajos
- L\uf3pez Ot\uedn Carlos
- La Spada Albert R
- Lafont Frank
- Lamark Trond
- Landry Jacques
- Lane Jon D
- Lapaquette Pierre
- Laporte Jocelyn F
- Lavandero Sergio
- Lavoie Jos\ue9e N
- Layfield Robert
- Lazo Pedro A
- Le Cam Laurent
- Le Weidong
- Ledbetter Daniel J
- Lee Alvin J. X
- Lee Byung Wan
- Lee Gyun Min
- Lee Jongdae
- Lee Ju Hyun
- Lee Michael
- Lee Myung Shik
- Lee Sug Hyung
- Leeuwenburgh Christiaan
- Legembre Patrick
- Legouis Renaud
- Lehmann Michael
- Lei Huan Yao
- Lei Qun Ying
- Leib David A
- Leiro Jos\ue9
- Lemasters John J
- Lemoine Antoinette
- Lesniak Maciej S
- Lev Dina
- Levenson Victor V
- Levine Beth
- Levy Efrat
- Li Faqiang
- Li Jun Lin
- Li Lian
- Li Sheng
- Li Weijie
- Li Xue Jun
- Li Yan bo
- Li Yi Ping
- Liang Chengyu
- Liang Qiangrong
- Liao Yung Feng
- Liberski Pawel P
- Lieberman Andrew
- Lim Hyunjung J
- Lim Kah Leong
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- Lin Chiou Feng
- Lin Fu Cheng
- Lin Jian
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- Loos Benjamin
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- Lu Binfeng
- Lu Bingwei
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- Luciano Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Lukacs Nicholas W
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- Macian Fernando
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- Motyl Tomasz
- Moussa Charbel E. H
- Muller Sylviane
- Murphy Leon O
- Murphy Maureen E
- Musar\uf2 Antonio
- Mysorekar Indira
- N\ufcrnberger Thorsten
- Nagata Eiichiro
- Nagata Kazuhiro
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- Nair Usha
- Nakagawa Toshiyuki
- Nakahira Kiichi
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- Nanjundan Meera
- Naqvi Naweed I
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- Otsu Kinya
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- Ouimet Mireille
- Overholtzer Michael
- Ozpolat Bulent
- P\uf6ggeler Stefanie
- Paganetti Paolo
- Pagnini Ugo
- Pallet Nicolas
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- Palumbo Camilla
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- Pandey Udai Bhan
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- Perrotta Ida
- Perry George
- Pervaiz Shazib
- Peter Matthias
- Peters Godefridus J
- Petersen Morten
- Petrovski Goran
- Phang James M
- Piacentini Mauro
- Pierre Philippe
- Pierrefite Carle Val\ue9rie
- Pierron G\ue9rard
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- Piras Antonio
- Piri Natik
- Platanias Leonidas C
- Po\ufcs Christian
- Poirot Marc
- Poletti Angelo
- Pozuelo Rubio Mercedes
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- Qin Liang
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- R\ue9gnier Vigouroux Anne
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- Sass Mikl\uf3s
- Sato Ken
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- Sch\ue4tzl Hermann M
- Sch\ufcller Christoph
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- Scharl Michael
- Scheper Wiep
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- Stendel Ruediger
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- Subauste Carlos S
- Sui Xinbing
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- Sun Jiaren
- Sun Shi Yong
- Sun Zhi Jun
- Sung Joseph J. Y
- Suzuki Kuninori
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- Swanson Michele S
- Swanton Charles
- Sweeney Sean T
- Sy Lai King
- Szabadkai Gyorgy
- T\uf6nges Lars
- Tabas Ira
- Taegtmeyer Heinrich
- Tafani Marco
- Tak\ue1cs Vellai Krisztina
- Takano Yoshitaka
- Takegawa Kaoru
- Takemura Genzou
- Takeshita Fumihiko
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- Viscomi Maria Teresa
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- von Haefen Clarissa
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- Wang Jin
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- Wang Mei
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- Wyttenbach Andreas
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- Xi Zhijun
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- Xu Da zhi
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- Yamamoto Ai
- Yamamoto Akitsugu
- Yamashina Shunhei
- Yamashita Michiaki
- Yan Xianghua
- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng Chao
- Yao Tso Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei Lien
- Yin Jia jing
- Yin Xiao Ming
- Yoo Ook Joon
- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
- Youle Richard J
- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh Herbert J
- Zeitlin Scott O
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing Pu
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei Guo
- Zhu Xiao Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke J\ufcrgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C.
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T.
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M.
- Al-Zeer Munir A.
- Albert Matthew L.
- Albin Roger L.
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi K.
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O.
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P.
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y.O.
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K.
- Baehrecke Eric H.
- Bahr Ben A.
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A.
- Bampton Edward T.W.
- Bartholomew Clinton R.
- Bassham Diane C.
- Bast Robert C.
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J.
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J.
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro Sébastien
- Bhatia-Kiššová Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S.
- Boise Lawrence H.
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C.
- Bortoluci Karina R.
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Frédéric
- Bourquin Jean-Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer-Guittaut Michaël
- Bozhkov Peter V.
- Brady Nathan R
- Brancolini Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E.
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H.
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L.
- Brookes Paul S.
- Brown Eric J.
- Brumell John H.
- Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T.
- Bulman Dennis E.
- Bultman Scott J.
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F.
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P.
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P.
- Béchet Daniel M.
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahová Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo-Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos-Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B.
- Carding Simon R.
- Cardoso Sandra M.
- Carew Jennifer S.
- Carlin Cathleen R.
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A.M.
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A.
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han-Jung
- Chai Chee-Yin
- Chan David C.
- Chan Edmond Y.
- Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung
- Che Chi-Ming
- Chen Ching-Chow
- Chen Guang-Chao
- Chen Guo-Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S.-L.
- Chen WenLi
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye-Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu-Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H.K.
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae-Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess-Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H.
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui-Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih-Shen
- Chiou Shih-Hwa
- Chisari Francis V.
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong-Hyung
- Choi Augustine MK
- Choi DooSeok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E.
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung-Hsien
- Chueh Sheau-Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong-Joon
- Chye Mee-Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R.
- Clague Michael J.
- Clark Robert S.B.
- Clarke Peter G.H.
- Clarke Robert B
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A.
- Colombo María I.
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R.
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto-Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P.
- Cregg James M.
- Crespo José L.
- Cronjé Marianne J.
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J.
- Czaja Mark J.
- D'Amelio Marcello
- Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M.
- Davies Faith E.
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F.
- de Haan Cornelis A.M.
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M.D.
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel Jörn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D.
- Devenish Rodney J.
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz-Meco Maria T.
- Diaz-Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh-Kumar Savithramma P.
- Ding Wen-Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W.
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri-Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C.
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J.
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marlène
- Drew Mark E.
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen E.
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Díaz-Araya Guillermo
- Díaz-Laviada Inés
- Edelstein Charles L.
- Edinger Aimee L.
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El-Deiry Wafik S.
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M.
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna-Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi-Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
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- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong-Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
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- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke Jürgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2012
- Field of study
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C.
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T.
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M.
- Al-Zeer Munir A.
- Albert Matthew L.
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdelhaq Rami
- Abhinav Diwan
- Abraham Acevedo-Arozena
- Adalberto Merighi
- Adi Kimchi
- Adrian L. Harris
- Agnieszka Sirko
- Ahlberg J
- Ai Yamamoto
- Aimable Nahimana
- Aimee L. Edinger
- Aimin Wang
- Akiko Iwasaki
- Akio Kihara
- Akitsugu Yamamoto
- Aksam EB
- Alan Cheng
- Albert R. La Spada
- Alberto Jiménez
- Alec C. Kimmelman
- Ales Gregorc
- Alessandro Fanzani
- Alexander J. Whitworth
- Alexandra N. Giatromanolaki
- Alexandru Almasan
- Alexei Degterev
- Alexei Terman
- Alfred J. Meijer
- Alicia Meléndez
- Alison Simmons
- Allan B. Caplan
- Allan Tsung
- Allen Kaasik
- Alvin J.X. Lee
- Amal O. Amer
- Amber N. Hale
- Ameeta Kelekar
- Amy A. Kiger
- Ana Brennand
- Ana Coto-Montes
- Ana Maria Cuervo
- Ana Milojkovic
- Anas Younes
- Anastasis Stephanou
- Anders H. Lund
- Andrea Ballabio
- Andreas Brech
- Andreas Mayer
- Andreas S. Reichert
- Andreas Wyttenbach
- Andrei L. Gartel
- Andrew J. Halayko
- Andrew Lieberman
- Andrew Thorburn
- Andriy A. Sibirny
- Andriy Nemchenko
- Angelika A. Noegel
- Angelo De Milito
- Angelo Poletti
- Anil K. Sood
- Anil Prasad
- Ann Progulske-Fox
- Anna Katharina Simon
- Anna M. Giammarioli
- Anna M. Krichevsky
- Anna Nogalska
- Anna S. Gukovskaya
- Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
- Anne Simonsen
- Annie M. Joubert
- Anthony H.V. Schapira
- Anthony M.J. Sanchez
- Antoinette Lemoine
- Antonio Musarò
- Antonio Piras
- Antonio Zorzano
- Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
- Arthi Kanthasamy
- Ashok Kumar
- Assaf Rudich
- Atsuhiro Ichihara
- Atsuo Amano
- Attila L. Kovács
- Audrey Esclatine
- Augustine M.K. Choi
- Ausra Sasnauskiene
- Aviva M. Tolkovsky
- Baharia Mograbi
- Bakhos A. Tannous
- Barry Ganetzky
- Bassam Janji
- Beat C. Bornhauser
- Beat Nyfeler
- Beata Sikorska
- Behzad Yeganeh
- Ben A. Bahr
- Ben C.B. Ko
- Benjamin Dehay
- Benjamin Loos
- Berger B
- Bertrand Joseph
- Bertrand Mollereau
- Beth Levine
- BethAnn McLaughlin
- Biederbick A
- Binfeng Lu
- Bingren Hu
- Bingwei Lu
- Biolo G
- Birmingham CL
- Birmingham CL
- Björn Stork
- Bjørkøy G
- Bo Liu
- Bo Lu
- Boon-Huat Bay
- Boris Turk
- Boris Zhivotovsky
- Bradly G. Wouters
- Brian Herman
- Brian P. Rubin
- Brian Zuckerbraun
- Brigitte Galliot
- Brinda Ravikumar
- Brown CR
- Bruce A. Bamber
- Bruce H. Reed
- Bruno Calabretta
- Bryan Bellaire
- Bulent Ozpolat
- Byung-Wan Lee
- Bärbel Rohrer
- Bélanger M
- Cam Patterson
- Camilla Palumbo
- Camille Martinand-Mari
- Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- Canhua Huang
- Cantino D
- Carine Michiels
- Carl G. Feng
- Carlos López-Otín
- Carlos S. Subauste
- Carmine Settembre
- Carol A. Mercer
- Carole Kretz-Remy
- Caroline A. Whitehouse
- Catherine McDermott
- Cathleen R. Carlin
- Cathy Tournier
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- Chan EY
- Chang Hwa Jung
- Changlian Zhu
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- Charbel E.-H. Moussa
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- Charles Grose
- Charles L. Edelstein
- Charles Swanton
- Chee-Yin Chai
- Chenghan Wu
- Chenguang Wang
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- Chera S
- Cheryl L. Walker
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- Chi-Ming Che
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- Chien-an A. Hu
- Chihiro Sasakawa
- Ching-Chow Chen
- Chiou-Feng Lin
- Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Christian Behl
- Christian Behrends
- Christian G. Meyer
- Christian Münz
- Christian Poüs
- Christian Sell
- Christine McDonald
- Christoph Schüller
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- Christopher J. Rhodes
- Christopher R. McMaster
- Chun-Feng Liu
- Chun-Nam Lok
- Chwen-Ming Shih
- Ciechomska IA
- Cindy K. Miranti
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- Ciro Isidoro
- Clarissa von Haefen
- Clark W. Distelhorst
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- Cong-Zhao Zhou
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- Cécile Vindis
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- Dave Bridges
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- Davide Malagoli
- Dawei Wang
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- Dennis E. Bulman
- Deok Ryong Kim
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- Derick G. Wansink
- Devrim Gozuacik
- Diane C. Bassham
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- Dieter Willbold
- Dimitri Krainc
- Dina Lev
- Dingzhong Tang
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- Do-Hyung Kim
- Dong-Hou Kim
- Dong-Hyung Cho
- Dongsheng Cai
- Donna Denton
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- Dubuisson JF
- Dun-Sheng Yang
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- Edward T.W. Bampton
- Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen
- Efrat Levy
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- Eiichiro Nagata
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- Eitan Shaulian
- Elaine C.M. Silva-Zacarin
- Elaine Silva-Zacarin
- Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- Eleonora Candi
- Elizabeth P. Henske
- Elizabeth Yang
- Elizete Rizzo
- Emery H. Bresnick
- Emil Rudolf
- Enza Maria Valente
- Eric Chevet
- Eric H. Baehrecke
- Eric J. Brown
- Eriko Fujita
- Erwin Knecht
- Eskelinen E-L
- Eui-Bae Jeung
- Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Eva C. Vaquero
- Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- Evelina Gatti
- Ewout J. Houwerzijl
- F. Javier Oliver
- Fabio C. Abdalla
- Fabrizio Condorelli
- Faith E. Davies
- Fan Wang
- Faqiang Li
- Farkas T
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Federica Sotgia
- Felix Randow
- Fen Wang
- Fen-Biao Gao
- Feng Han
- FengFeng Tian
- Fernando Macian
- Filomena Fiorito
- Fimia GM
- Fiona M. Menzies
- Francesca Bernassola
- Francesca Demarchi
- Francesca Rovetta
- Francesco Cecconi
- Francesco Fornai
- Francis V. Chisari
- Franco Fortunato
- Frank A. Sinicrope
- Frank C. Dorsey
- Frank Lafont
- Frank Madeo
- Fraser P. Coxon
- Fréderic Luciano
- Frédéric Bost
- Frédéric Gros
- Fu-Cheng Lin
- Fujii S
- Fukagawa NK
- Fulvio Reggiori
- Fumihiko Takeshita
- G. Angus McQuibban
- Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Gabriella Marfe
- Gail V.W. Johnson
- Galliot B
- Gang Min Hur
- Garber AJ
- Gary D. Grant
- Gary K. Ostrander
- Gary K. Schwartz
- Geert Bultynck
- Gengfu Xiao
- Genzou Takemura
- Georg Ramm
- George F. Gao
- George Perry
- George R. Jackson
- Gerald M. McInerney
- Gerry Melino
- Ghasem Hoseini Salekdeh
- Giampietro Viola
- Gian Maria Fimia
- Gianluca Tettamanti
- Gilbert Di Paolo
- Giorgio Casari
- Giovanna Elvira Granato
- Giulia Baldini
- Giuseppe Arancia
- Giusti C
- Glauco Tocchini-Valentini
- Glen E. Palmer
- Glenn Randall
- Godefridus J. Peters
- Goncu E
- Goran Petrovski
- Gordon C. Shore
- Gordon PB
- Gordon PB
- Gosai SJ
- Graham H. Coombs
- Graham S. Taylor
- Greet Van den Berghe
- Gregory A. Taylor
- Guan J
- Guang-Chao Chen
- Guanghui Wang
- Gudmundur V. Helgason
- Guido Kroemer
- Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Guillermo Mariño
- Guillermo Velasco
- Guo-Qiang Chen
- Gur P. Kaushal
- Gustavo Egea
- Guy Salvesen
- Gyesoon Yoon
- Gyun Min Lee
- György Szabadkai
- Gábor Juhász
- Gábor Juhász
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- Hany Khalil
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- Heesun Cheong
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- Helmut Krämer
- Henri Batoko
- Henri Bernardi
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- Hermann M. Schätzl
- Hernan Roca
- Hesham M. Al-Younes
- Hilary A. Coller
- Hiromitsu Kanamori
- Hiroshi Aoki
- Hiroshi Koga
- Hiroshi Sakagami
- Hirotaka Watada
- Hiroyasu Nakano
- Hiroyuki Ishida
- Hirsimäki Y
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- Ho Jeong Kwon
- Ho Jin You
- Hong Jiang
- Hong Zhang
- Hong-Gang Wang
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- Huizhou Fan
- Hutchins MU
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- Hyung-Ryong Kim
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- Ivan Dikic
- Ivana Novak
- Iwai-Kanai E
- J. Lindsay Whitton
- J. Paul Taylor
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- Jan C. Koch
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- Janice S. Blum
- Jason E. Gestwicki
- Jason S. King
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- Jon D. Lane
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- Jongdae Lee
- Jorge Moscat
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- Joseph J.Y. Sung
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- José Miguel Vicencio
- Josée N. Lavoie
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- Ju-hyun lee
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- Kenichi Shibuya
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- Khong Bee Kang
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- Kwang Il Kang
- Kyeong Sook Choi
- Kyu Lim
- Lai-King Sy
- Lajos László
- Lance S. Terada
- Lars Tönges
- Laura Berliocchi
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- Mantong Zhao
- Marc Flajolet
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- Marc Poirot
- Marcela Votruba
- Marcello D'Amelio
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- Maria A. Mena
- Maria Agnello
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- Mark E. Drew
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- Maylin Almonte-Becerril
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- Michinaga Ogawa
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- Mikel Garcia-Marcos
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- Min Chen
- Ming Jiang
- Ming-Huang Hong
- Ming-Yong Zhang
- Minnie Sarwal
- Miquel Vila
- Mireille Ouimet
- Miriam H. Meisler
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- Molly L. Bristol
- Mondira Kundu
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- Mortimore GE
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- Na Man
- Nadezda Apostolova
- Nadia Zaffaroni
- Nadine Camougrand
- Nana Y.O. Asare
- Nancy L. Oleinick
- Nancy Y. Ip
- Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Nathalie M. Mazure
- Nathalie Produit-Zengaffinen
- Nathan R Brady
- Natik Piri
- Naweed I. Naqvi
- Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Nelson Ruiz-Opazo
- Nicholas J. Talbot
- Nicholas T. Ktistakis
- Nicholas W. Lukacs
- Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Nicola L. Jones
- Nicolas Pallet
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- Patrick Legembre
- Patrizia Agostinis
- Paul A. Ney
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- Paul B. Fisher
- Paul Dent
- Paul Hofman
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- Paul Lingor
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- Peter Strålfors
- Peter V. Bozhkov
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- Qing Jiang
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- Qiong A. Liu
- Qiuhong Duan
- Quan Chen
- Qun-Ying Lei
- Rafael Linden
- Raffaele Matteoni
- Raj Kumar
- Rajat Singh
- Ralph A. Nixon
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- Ramon Corbalan
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- Rati Fotedar
- Ravi K. Amaravadi
- Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Regine Schneider-Stock
- Rejko Krüger
- Renaud Legouis
- Reuben J. Shaw
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- Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
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- Robert S.B. Clark
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- Roberta A. Gottlieb
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- Tobias B. Huber
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- Tomasz Motyl
- Tomohiro Kabuta
- Tomohiro Yorimitsu
- Tomoki Chiba
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- Tomoyoshi Nozaki
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- Xiang-Bo Wan
- Xianghua Yan
- Xiangmei Chen
- Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Xiao-Ming Yin
- Xiaolei Xu
- Xiaoning Bi
- Xiaoxiang Zheng
- Xiequn Chen
- Xinbing Sui
- Xinglong Wang
- Xiongwei Zhu
- Xiujie J. Wang
- Xu Dong Zhang
- Xue-Jun Li
- Xue-Yuan Bai
- Xuejun Jiang
- Xuejun Jiang
- Xueqin Song
- Ya Hua
- Yaichiro Kotake
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- Yasuo Uchiyama
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- Ye-Guang Chen
- Yi Zhen Deng
- Yi-Fang Zhao
- Yi-Ling Lin
- Yi-Ping Li
- Ying Zhao
- Ying-Jan Wang
- Yingyu Chen
- Yipeng Wang
- Yohta Shimada
- Yokota S
- Yong Ma
- Yong-Joon Chwae
- Yong-Keun Jung
- Yong-Sun Kim
- Yonghyun Kim
- Yongqi Fang
- Yongqiang Chen
- Yoon-A Kang
- Yoshiaki Kamada
- Yoshihiro Shidoji
- Yoshimori T
- Yoshimura K
- Yoshinori Kawazoe
- Yoshitaka Isaka
- Yoshitaka Takano
- Yotaro Izumi
- You-Wen He
- Youji Feng
- Young Ho Koh
- Young-Chau Liu
- Yu-Jen Chen
- Yuan Tian
- Yuangang Zhu
- Yuji Moriyasu
- Yuko Yoshikawa
- Yule Liu
- Yung-Feng Liao
- Yves L. Marcel
- Zahra Zakeri
- Zelda H. Cheung
- Zhang H
- Zhen Fan
- Zhen Lu
- Zhen-Bo Wang
- Zheng Dong
- Zheng-Hong Qin
- Zhenyu Yue
- Zhi-Jun Sun
- Zhi-Min Yuan
- Zhifen Yang
- Zhigang Charles Wang
- Zhijun Xi
- Zhinong Wang
- Zhiping Xie
- Zhixiang Chen
- Zhizhuang J. Zhao
- Zhonglin Xie
- Zhou G
- Zhu H
- Zixu Mao
- Zu-Hang Sheng
- Zuzana Papackova
- Zvulun Elazar
- Åsa B. Gustafsson
- Øverbye A
- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field