Consideraciones sobre la metodologia de prediccion de BITTER PIT en manzanas mediante la infiltracion en sales de magnesio

Resumen (Spanish, English)62 p.Durante dos temporadas, se llevaron a cabo ensayos utilizando la metodología de Infiltración de manzanas al Vacío en Sales de Magnesio (IVMg) sobre frutos del cv. ‘Braeburn’, con el fin de: (1) mejorar su capacidad de predicción de Bitter pit (BP) y (2) estudiar los efectos que produce sobre la fruta infiltrada y que resultan en el posterior desarrollo de síntomas ‘tipo BP’. Para el objetivo (1) se efectuó un ajuste de la metodología para el muestreo de frutos en cuanto a número (Nº) de árboles y Nº de frutos por árbol muestreados y una evaluación del efecto del calibre de los frutos sobre la capacidad de predicción de BP de la IVMg. Por otra parte, en laboratorio se intentó ajustar el tiempo de IVMg (aplicando 1 o 4 min. de vacío) y número de veces de empleo de la solución infiltrante (SI) (1, 4 u 8 veces de empleo) y de la molaridad de MgCl2 en la SI (aplicando 0,05M de MgCl2 o 0,1 M de MgCl2, durante 2 min.). La estimación de la capacidad de predicción se estableció al comparar el BP observado en fruta infiltrada antes de cosecha comercial y el BP real ocurrido en fruta almacenada durante 90 días a 2ºC + 10 días a 18ºC). Para cumplir el objetivo (2), se realizó una IVMg con adición de colorante azul de toluidina para establecer los sitios de entrada de la SI y su distribución dentro del fruto. Además entre fruta infiltrada y no infiltrada, se comparó la concentración de Ca, Mg (ppm, en base a peso seco) y K(%) en dos capas de la corteza (0 - 2 y 6 - 8 mm bajo la epidermis) 0, 8 ó 16 días después de la IVMg. El nivel de vacío empleado en todas los ensayos fue de 500 mmHg. Se encontró que el calibre de la fruta muestreada afecta la capacidad de predicción de BP de la IVMg. No se encontraron diferencias al tomar una muestra a partir de distintos nº de árboles, extrayendo distinto número de frutos por árbol. No se encontraron diferencias en la capacidad de predicción de la IVMg al aplicar las distintas combinaciones de tiempo de infiltración y/o número de veces de empleo de la SI, ni tampoco al aplicar distintas concentraciones de MgCl2. Por otra parte, se observó que el sitio la entrada de la SI se produce principalmente a través de sus lenticelas y que la IVMg genera un aumento en la concentraciòn de Mg en los primeros 2mm subepidermales de la fruta sometida a IVMg

Desarrollo de modelos para la prediccion del peso fresco de frutos de manzano para distintos niveles de carga frutal

27 p.Para desarrollar y comparar los modelos logístico, expolinear y gompertz en la predicción de peso promedio de frutos ante distintos niveles de carga en árboles variedad "Royal Gala", se realizaron tres tratamientos a los 40 días después de plena flor (DDPF) durante las temporadas 2000/01 y 2001/02. Estos correspondieron a 1 - 2 frutos /cm2 de área de sección transversal de tronco (ASTT); 5 - 6 frutos /cm2 ASTT y 8 - 9 frutos /cm2 ASTT para carga baja, media y alta, respectivamente. Para lo anterior, se efectuaron evaluaciones semanales de peso fresco de los frutos (PF), a partir de 40 DDPF hasta cosecha comercial. Los tratamientos tuvieron un efecto significativo sobre el PF. De esta forma, se prob6 un modelo particular para cada carga frutal, usando la ecuación logística, gompertz y expolinear y relacionando el PF a los DDPF o los grados día acumulado (GDA). Tanto los modelos propuestos en función de GDA como los que emplearon DDPF presentaron un coeficiente de correlación (r2) que vario entre 0,97 y 0,99. La desviación estándar del error (DEE) promedio fue 6,36 g al emplear GDA y 7,38 g usando los DDPF. El modelo expolinear mostró el mejor ajuste tanto en función de GDA o DDPF. El parámetro que vario mas consistentemente a Ias distintas carga fue el peso inicial y final de frutos en el modelo logístico, mientras que en el expolinear este parámetro correspondió a la tasa de crecimiento absoluto. En el modelo gompertz, no se observo un parámetro que tuviera una tendencia clara en relación al aumento de carga

Uso de la relectancia como indicador no destructivo para predecir el daño por sol en manzanas cv. Granny Smith.

57 p.La manzana (Malus domestica Borkh) Granny Smith es la tercera variedad más exportada en Chile, pero sus índices de descarte por diversos daños o desórdenes la hacen una variedad muy interesante de investigar, uno de estos daños se debe a la sensibilidad de esta variedad al daño por sol. El objetivo de este ensayo consistió en identificar características espectrales particulares de frutos con daño y sin daño por sol, frutos expuestos y no expuestos al sol,que pudiesen entregar información espectral predictiva del daño, con el fin de minimizar esta brecha de descartes y determinar manejos anticipados para eliminarlo o reducirlo. El sistema de medición de reflectancia Vis/NIR (visible/infrarrojo cercano), como Herramienta para investigación, demostró ser un método rápido para monitorear la fruta en el campo. Se utilizó espectroscopia de reflectancia Vis/NIR, a través de un espectrómetro (Jaz-EL350,software Ocean optics). El ensayo se llevó a cabo a partir del 11 de Diciembre de 2013 (68 días después de plena flor) hasta el 04 de marzo de 2014 (151 días después de plena flor) en los huertos Quilpué y Los Lirios, ambos ubicados en la Comuna de San Clemente. Se eligieron completamente al azar 500 frutos de cada huerto y semanalmente se les midió reflectancia Vis/NIR. Las mediciones de reflectancia consistieron en dos escaneos sobre la piel del fruto, además de la clasificación visual del daño por sol del fruto. Se evaluaron frutos sin daño por sol, no expuestos a la luz solar directa, frutos expuestos sin daño por sol y con daño por sol leve,moderado y severo. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó un análisis de regresión de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-DA) de Matlab. El PLS-DA, logró separar entre un fruto con daño por sol y otro sin daño, con un bajo error en la validación cruzada y calibración (4.5%). Confirmando claramente, la variabilidad espectral entre ambas condiciones. Los frutos sanos no expuestos presentaron características espectrales particulares, que no se confunden con ningún otro tratamiento del ensayo. Las características espectrales de la fruta con daño por sol leve, pueden ser similares a las de frutos expuestos sin daño o a las de frutos con daño por sol moderado, producto de que se encuentran en una condición intermedia entre ambas situaciones. Se determinaron rangos de longitud que pudieran identificar movimientos a través del espectro del primer pico de las curvas de frutos expuestos con daño por sol, según estos rangos, las curvas mostraron una baja probabilidad de predecir el daño por sol, una fecha antes de identificar visualmente el daño. Palabras clave: Malus domestica Borkh, reflectancia Vis/NIR (Visible/Infrarrojo cercano), espectroscopia, PLS-DA./ABSTRACT: Granny Smith apple (Malus domestica Borkh) is the third most exported variety in Chile, but their discard rates for different damage or disorders make it a very i of these damages is due to the sensitivity of this variety to sunburn. The aim of this paper was to identify specific spectral characteristics of fruit with and without damage to sunburn and exposed and not exposed fruit to sunlight which could give predictive information of spectral damage, in order to minimize discard gap and determine anticipated handling to eliminate or reduce it.The reflectance measurement system Vis / NIR (Visible/NIR) used as a tool for research, proved to be a quick method to monitor the fruit in the field. Reflectance spectroscopy Vis / NIR was used, through a spectrometer (Jaz-EL350, Ocean Optics software). The test was carried out from December 11, 2013 (68 days after full bloom) until March 4, 2014 (151 days after full bloom) in Quilpué and Los Lirios orchards, both located in the area of San Clemente. 500 completely randomly selected fruits of each orchard and their reflectance was measured weekly Vis / NIR. Reflectance measurements consisted of two scans on the fruit skin, besides the visual classification of the sunburn damage of the fruit. Fruit without sunburn damage was evaluated, not exposed to direct sunlight, fruits exposed without sunburn damage and fruit exposed with mild, moderate and severe sunburn damage. For statistical analysis, regression analysis of partial least squares (PLS-DA) of Matlab was used . The PLS-DA, managed to separate a fruit between one with sunburn damage and the other without sunburn damage, with low crosscalibration (4.5%) and validation error. This study clearly confirms the spectral variability between both conditions. Unexposed healthy fruits showed particular spectral characteristics, which are not confused with any other trial treatment. The spectral characteristics of the fruit with mild sun damage may be similar to those of exposed undamaged fruit or fruit with moderate sun damage, due to the fact that they are in an intermediate condition between both situations. Length ranges that could identify movements across the spectrum of the first peak of the curves of fruits exposed to sunburn were determined, according to these parameters; curves showed a low probability to predict the sunburn within a date before identifying the damage visually. Keywords: Malus domestica Borkh, reflectance Vis / NIR (Visible / Near Infrared), spectroscopy, PLS-DA

Association Between Preexisting Versus Newly Identified Atrial Fibrillation and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may exist before or occur early in the course of pulmonary embolism (PE). We determined the PE outcomes based on the presence and timing of AF. Methods and Results Using the data from a multicenter PE registry, we identified 3 groups: (1) those with preexisting AF, (2) patients with new AF within 2 days from acute PE (incident AF), and (3) patients without AF. We assessed the 90-day and 1-year risk of mortality and stroke in patients with AF, compared with those without AF (reference group). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 792 had preexisting AF. These patients had increased odds of 90-day all-cause (odds ratio [OR], 2.81; 95% CI, 2.33-3.38) and PE-related mortality (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.37-4.14) and increased 1-year hazard for ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 5.48; 95% CI, 3.10-9.69) compared with those without AF. After multivariable adjustment, preexisting AF was associated with significantly increased odds of all-cause mortality (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.57-2.32) but not PE-related mortality (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.85-2.66). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 445 developed new incident AF within 2 days of acute PE. Incident AF was associated with increased odds of 90-day all-cause (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.75-2.97) and PE-related (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.01-6.59) mortality but not stroke. Findings were similar in multivariable analyses. Conclusions In patients with acute symptomatic PE, both preexisting AF and incident AF predict adverse clinical outcomes. The type of adverse outcomes may differ depending on the timing of AF onset.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection are often non-specific, and there is no definitive test for the accurate diagnosis of infection. The 'omics' approaches to identifying biomarkers from the host-response to bacterial infection are promising. In this study, lipidomic analysis was carried out with plasma samples obtained from febrile children with confirmed bacterial infection (n = 20) and confirmed viral infection (n = 20). We show for the first time that bacterial and viral infection produces distinct profile in the host lipidome. Some species of glycerophosphoinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol sulfate were higher in the confirmed virus infected group, while some species of fatty acids, glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoserine, lactosylceramide and bilirubin were lower in the confirmed virus infected group when compared with confirmed bacterial infected group. A combination of three lipids achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.911 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98). This pilot study demonstrates the potential of metabolic biomarkers to assist clinicians in distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in febrile children, to facilitate effective clinical management and to the limit inappropriate use of antibiotics

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe