306 research outputs found

    Complejidad textural: la percepción como determinante de la conducta de comer/Textural complexity: from perception to eating behavior

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    El presente trabajo expone una revisión narrativa del papel que desempeñan las propiedades sensoriales de la comida, específicamente la complejidad de la textura, sobre la conducta de comer y la ingesta hasta la saciación. Se destaca la importancia de la percepción para la adquisición del conocimiento de la textura y la complejidad de la comida, como el origen de las expectativas y el comportamiento alimentario. Posteriormente se presentan los argumentos que establecen que la complejidad de la textura de la comida es un elemento fundamental para la modificación de la conducta de comer y la respuesta de saciación. Finalmente, se exponen los posibles mecanismos de acción

    Caracterización química de los volátiles de Tagetes nelsonii

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    Species of the genus Tagetes (Astereceae) have shown important medicinal and biological properties.  Many Tagetes species are native from Mexico, however, there are few studies on their volatiles. The objective of the present study is to characterize the volatiles of Tagetes nelsonni Greenm commonly known as “Chik chawa”, which is a plant used in some regions of Chiapas State, Mexico for medicinal purposes.  Our work was focused to extract and to identify the T. nelsonii volatiles using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Espectrometry (GC-MS) respectively. The compounds identified are a mixture of terpenes.  The major volatile components are (E)-β-tagetone (43-9%) and dihydrotagetone (20.7%), followed by trans-β-ocimene, eucaliptol, limonene and β-cubebene. Tagetes nelsonni contains fragant compounds as α and β-pinene, trans-β-ocimene, limonene, linalool, (E) and (Z)-tagetones, dihydrotagetone and cis and trans-tagetenone with potential to be used for cosmetic, pharmaceutical purposes and to help to control insect pest of plant problems.Especies del género Tagetes (Asteraceae) han mostrado tener propiedades medicinales y biológicas muy importantes. Muchas especies de Tagetes son nativas de México, sin embargo, existen pocos estudios sobre la caracterización de sus volátiles.  El objetivo del presente trabajo es caracterizar químicamente los volátiles de Tagetes nelsonii comúnmente conocida como “Chik chawa”, la cual es una planta utilizada en algunas regiones del estado de Chiapas, México para fines medicinales. La pregunta es que si las hojas de T. nelsonii son ricas en compuestos fragantes con propiedades medicinales. Los volátiles de T. nelsonii fueron extraídos e identificados utilizando las técnicas de Microextracción en Fase Sólida y Cromatografía de gases acoplada a Espectrometría de masas (GC-MS) respectivamente.  Los compuestos emitidos por T.  nelsonii son una mezcla de compuestos terpénicos. Los compuestos mayoritarios son (E)-tagetona (43-9%) y dihidrotagetona (20.7%), seguidos por trans-β-ocimeno, eucaliptol, limoneno y β-cubebeno. T. nelsonii contiene compuestos fragantes como, α y β-pineno, trans-β-ocimeno, limoneno, linalool, tagetonas, dihidrotagetona y tagetenonas con potencial para ser usados como cosméticos y farmacéuticos y para resolver problemas de plagas de insectos de las plantas como repelentes. &nbsp

    Variables predictoras de riesgo de trastorno del comportamiento alimentario en mujeres.

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    El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar el papel de la composición corporal, la insatisfacción corporal y el modelo de delgadez sobre el riesgo de desarrollar trastornos del comportamiento alimentario (TCA). Participaron 289 estudiantes universitarias, quienes contestaron el Cuestionario de Actitudes Alimentarias, el Cuestionario de Bulimia de Edimburgo y el Cuestionario de Influencias del Modelo Estético Corporal. La composición corporal se analizó por medio de bioimpedancia eléctrica. Se encontró que 9.69% de las mujeres presentaron riesgo de TCA, siendo mayor el porcentaje entre las mujeres que tenían peso normal y cantidades excesivas de grasa corporal. La insatisfacción corporal predijo el riesgo de anorexia nerviosa, y la interacción entre insatisfacción corporal, influencia de la publicidad e índice de masa corporal predijo el riesgo de bulimia nerviosa. Se concluye que la insatisfacción corporal juega un papel relevante en la predicción de riesgo de TCA

    Plantas útiles en la medicina tradicional de Malpasito-Huimanguillo, Tabasco, México

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    En México las plantas medicinales son el recurso terapéutico por excelencia en la medicina tradicional, es rescatable en gran medida por constituir un importante elemento al combinar el conocimiento popular con el científi co para el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades en la atención primaria de la salud. El presente estudio documenta el conocimiento tradicional de las plantas medicinales en la comunidad de Malpasito, dentro de la Reserva Ecológica de Agua Selva en Huimanguillo, Tabasco, México. Se incluye un inventario de plantas medicinales de la región, información sobre el uso terapéutico, la forma de preparación y parte vegetal utilizada. La información se recabó mediante entrevistas estructuradas TRAMIL. Se registraron 128 especies de plantas medicinales empleadas en la comunidad distribuidas en 63 familias botánicas cuyas especies dominantes pertenence a: Asteraceae (10), Leguminosae y Lamiaceae (siete), Verbeneaceae (cinco), Rutaceae y Solanaceae (cuatro). Se reportan 13 especies medicinales con nivel de uso signifi cativo superior al 20%. Los usos medicinales se agruparon y clasifi caron en 17 categorías, en orden de prioridad: desórdenes del sistema digestivo, genitourinario y endócrino, seguidos de las infecciones y desórdenes del sistema respiratorio. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de futuros estudios de valoración científica para las especies locales empleadas para el tratamiento de alguna enfermedad

    Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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    BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

    Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

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    Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

    Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

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    There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity
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