Impact of medical training mortality in Barranquilla comparing periods: 1951-1975, no impact program medicine & 1976-2000, with advocacy program Barranquilla medicine 1951 - 2000

Se presenta el análisis del impacto en diminución de la mortalidad que durante el período 1951 – 2000 tuvo la existencia de programas de formación médica en Barranquilla, em comparación com 1951-1975 . La fuente son los Registros de defunción del Município de Barranquilla, tomando como período de estudio 1951 – 2000, con el propósito de construir un estado de arte de la temática y referentes teóricos. Trabajado a nível de estudio descriptivo, con proyecciones estadísticas, trabajadas con el programa Microsoft Excel 2010. Las variables estudiadas: 1).Incidencia en la mortalidad afectada por la existencia de Programas de Medicina en el periodo (1951-1975) y 2). Incidencia en la mortalidad cunado no existían Programas de Medicina periodo (1976 - 2000) contrastándolas con la variable de tasa brutas de mortalidad en la ciudad de Barranquilla. Intervienen cruces con las categorías demográficas y epidemiológicas como la edad, sexo, causa infecciosa de mortalidad y año de defunción. Los resultados muestran que durante el período de existência de los programas de medicina se da un impacto positivo de disminución de la mortalidad , especialmente en menores de cinco años y por enfermedades infecciosas.Abstract: The project on the impact analysis diminution of mortalities during the period 1951 - 2000 was the existence of medical training programs in Barranquilla, compared 1951-1975. Sub source Death Records are the Municipal District of Barranquilla, on the study period 1951 - 2000, with the purpose of building a state of art subject and theoretical references. Worked level descriptive study with statistical projections, worked with Microsoft Excel 2010 program The studied variables: 1.) Impact on mortality affected by the existence Medicine Program in the period (1951-1975) and 2). Impact on mortality when do not exist Medicine Program period (1976 - 2000) in contrast to the variable gross mortality rate in the city of Barranquilla

La evaluación del proceso formativo en tuberculosis. Programa de medicina universidad libre seccional Barranquilla, Enero-Diciembre 2010

From the perspective of the Total Research, a descriptive study was conducted to understand the learning process in tuberculosis at the Medicine Program Universidad Libre Barranquilla Campus, for which he took as reference the contents of the Educational Project Program, microcurriculos of the Curriculum subjects, the perception of students and teachers on the academic work of occupational skills training in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of tuberculosis, and the teaching strategies used to promote the construction of knowledge about them, allowing the characterization and understanding by way of interpretation of that process, identifying only two subjects with disciplinary powers to promote tuberculosis content, but 83 % of the students recognized that implicitly or explicitly it is worked. Agreement between students and teachers exclusively on skill related to treatment was found.Desde la perspectiva de la Investigación Total, se realizó una investigación descriptiva para comprender el proceso formativo en tuberculosis en el Programa de Medicina de la Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, para lo cual se tomó como referentes los contenidos del Proyecto Educativo del Programa, los microcurrículos de las asigna- turas del Plan de Estudio, la percepción de estudiantes y docentes sobre el trabajo académico para la formación de competencias ocupacionales en prevención, diagnóstico, tratamiento y rehabilitación de la tuberculosis, y las estrategias didácticas utilizadas para promover la construcción de conocimientos, lo que permitió la caracteriza- ción y comprensión, por vía de la interpretación, de dicho proceso, identificándose solo dos asignaturas con con- tenidos disciplinares para promover competencias sobre tuberculosis, pero, el 83 % de los estudiantes reconoce que implícita o explícitamente se trabajan. Se halló concordancia entre estudiantes y docentes exclusivamente en la competencia relacionada con el tratamiento

Metaevaluación del proceso evaluativo del rpograma de medicina universidad libre seccional barranquilla

From the perspective of the Total Research, research that assessed the evaluation process of the Medicine Pro- gram at the Universidad Libre Barranquilla Campus was performed. It was carried out a documentary institutional review program, the written tests of the subjects; semi-structured interviews with teachers, students and direct observation. It was found that 90 % of the subjects do not present the evaluation process consistent with the theoretical assumptions of constructivist pedagogy. As neither are, based on skills training. Regarding the type of assessments 85 % is done in written form, and of these, 88,23 % are multiple choice. 87 % of them seek to assess communication skills of interpretive type. 100 % of respondents showed little teachers belonging to the construc- tivist pedagogical model. 100 % of the students interviewed recognized that the teacher unilaterally determines how to evaluate.Desde la perspectiva de la Investigación Total, se realizó una investigación que valoró el proceso evaluativo del Programa de Medicina de la Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla. Para ello se llevó a cabo una revisión do- cumental institucional del programa, de las pruebas escritas de las asignaturas; entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes, estudiantes y observación directa. Se halló que el 90 % de las asignaturas no presentan el proceso evaluativo compatible con los postulados teóricos de la pedagogía constructivista. Como tampoco lo son, referido a la formación por competencias. Con relación al tipo de evaluaciones el 85 % lo realizan en forma escrita, y de ellas, el 88,23 % son tipo test. El 87 % busca evaluar competencias comunicativas de tipo interpretativo. El 100 % de los docentes entrevistados mostraron poca pertenencia con el modelo pedagógico constructivista. El 100 % de los estudiantes entrevistados reconocen que el profesor de manera unilateral determina la forma de evaluar

Genetic dissection of grain zinc concentration in spring wheat for mainstreaming biofortification in CIMMYT wheat breeding

Wheat is an important staple that acts as a primary source of dietary energy, protein, and essential micronutrients such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) for the world’s population. Approximately two billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiency, thus breeders have crossed high Zn progenitors such as synthetic hexaploid wheat, T. dicoccum, T. spelta, and landraces to generate wheat varieties with competitive yield and enhanced grain Zn that are being adopted by farmers in South Asia. Here we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the wheat Illumina iSelect 90 K Infinitum SNP array to characterize grain Zn concentrations in 330 bread wheat lines. Grain Zn phenotype of this HarvestPlus Association Mapping (HPAM) panel was evaluated across a range of environments in India and Mexico. GWAS analysis revealed 39 marker-trait associations for grain Zn. Two larger effect QTL regions were found on chromosomes 2 and 7. Candidate genes (among them zinc finger motif of transcription-factors and metal-ion binding genes) were associated with the QTL. The linked markers and associated candidate genes identified in this study are being validated in new biparental mapping populations for marker-assisted breeding

Mariposas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) del Parque Botánico de Camagüey, Cuba

Como resultado de un proyecto destinado al manejo sostenible de la lepidopterofauna, se socializa la relación taxonómica de las mariposas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) registradas en el Parque Botánico de Camagüey, Cuba y se ofrecen datos sobre su presencia en diferentes épocas del año, con vistas a seleccionar aquellas más propicias para ser criadas en el mariposario, que se encuentra todavía en proceso de construcción. Durante los años 2021 y 2022, se realizaron muestreos mensuales en diferentes espacios del área de estudio, lo que permitió identificar 56 táxones infraespecíficos, pertenecientes a 48 géneros, 15 subfamilias y cinco familias (Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae y Hesperiidae). El endemismo a nivel específico alcanzó el 3.57 % y en el ámbito subespecífico llegó a ser del 8.92 %, por lo que el 12.5 % de los táxones tienen distribución limitada al territorio nacional. Se comprobó que 35 de las especies/subespecies reportadas, están presentes tanto en los meses de lluvia como en los de sequía (índice de similitud de Jaccard del 62.5 % entre ambas épocas), lo que se identifica como una potencialidad para fomentar la crianza de las mismas. De acuerdo al estudio realizado, se ofrecen, en un primer intento, argumentos sobre la selección de las especies para la cría

Preoperative psychological profile of women with increased risk of breast cancer

Aim: analyze depressive and anxiety symptomatology, body image and quality of life in a group of women with genetic vulnerability to breast cancer who were going to undergo a riskreducing mastectomy. Method:184 women participated in this study, all of whom had an increased risk of breast cancer, either because they were BRCA1/2 mutation carriers or because they had several affected relatives. The psychological instruments used were: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Body Image Scale, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire Core 30 and BR23. Results: The results of this study showed that the participants presented clinical anxiety symptomatology and subclinical depressive symptomatology. However, all the sample were at normative levels in body image and quality of life. Participants with previous diagnosis of cancer showed, higher dissatisfaction with their body image, lower levels on the scales of physical, and cognitive and global functioning on quality of life, as well as higher fatigue, more general pain also in the breast and in the arm compared to women without diagnosis. Conclusions: BRCA1/2 non-mutation carriers showed more symptomatology in the breast and in the arm fatigue than BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. BRCA1/2 mutation carriers had more economic difficulties than non-carriers. It is highly recommended a psychological intervention before a risk-reducing surgery.Objetivo: analizar los niveles de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva, imagen corporal y calidad de vida en un grupo de mujeres con vulnerabilidad genética de cáncer de mama que se iban a someter a una mastectomía reductora de riesgo. Método: 184 mujeres participaron en este estudio, todas ellas tenían riesgo aumentado de cáncer de mama, bien por ser portadoras de una mutación BRCA1/2 o por agregación familiar. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria, Escala de Imagen Corporal, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer calidad de vida oncológica C30 y BR23. Resultados: Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que las participantes presentaban niveles clínicos en sintomatología ansiosa y subclínicos en sintomatología depresiva. Sin embargo, se encontraban en niveles normativos en imagen corporal y calidad de vida. Las participantes con antecedentes oncológicos manifestaban, mayor insatisfacción con la imagen corporal, niveles inferiores en las escalas de funcionamiento físico, cognitivo y global de la calidad de vida, así como mayor fatiga, dolor general, en el brazo y en la mama en comparación con las mujeres sin diagnósticos previos. Conclusiones: Las mujeres sin mutación poseían mayor sintomatología en la mama y en el brazo que las mujeres con mutación, las cuales presentaban más dificultades económicas que las mujeres no portadoras. Evidenciando la necesidad de realizar una intervención psicológica antes de la cirugía especialmente en este colectivo

Amphioxus functional genomics and the origins of vertebrate gene regulation.

Vertebrates have greatly elaborated the basic chordate body plan and evolved highly distinctive genomes that have been sculpted by two whole-genome duplications. Here we sequence the genome of the Mediterranean amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) and characterize DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, histone modifications and transcriptomes across multiple developmental stages and adult tissues to investigate the evolution of the regulation of the chordate genome. Comparisons with vertebrates identify an intermediate stage in the evolution of differentially methylated enhancers, and a high conservation of gene expression and its cis-regulatory logic between amphioxus and vertebrates that occurs maximally at an earlier mid-embryonic phylotypic period. We analyse regulatory evolution after whole-genome duplications, and find that-in vertebrates-over 80% of broadly expressed gene families with multiple paralogues derived from whole-genome duplications have members that restricted their ancestral expression, and underwent specialization rather than subfunctionalization. Counter-intuitively, paralogues that restricted their expression increased the complexity of their regulatory landscapes. These data pave the way for a better understanding of the regulatory principles that underlie key vertebrate innovations

Parental diet, pregnancy outcomes and offspring health:metabolic determinants in developing oocytes and embryos

The periconceptional period, embracing the terminal stages of oocyte growth and post-fertilisation development up to implantation, is sensitive to parental nutrition. Deficiencies or excesses in a range of macro- and micronutrients during this period can lead to impairments in fertility, fetal development and long-term offspring health. Obesity and genotype-related differences in regional adiposity are associated with impaired liver function and insulin resistance, and contribute to fatty acid-mediated impairments in sperm viability and oocyte and embryo quality, all of which are associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and compromised fertility. Disturbances to maternal protein metabolism can elevate ammonium concentrations in reproductive tissues and disturb embryo and fetal development. Associated with this are disturbances to one-carbon metabolism, which can lead to epigenetic modifications to DNA and associated proteins in offspring that are both insulin resistant and hypertensive. Many enzymes involved in epigenetic gene regulation use metabolic cosubstrates (e.g. acetyl CoA and S-adenosyl methionine) to modify DNA and associated proteins, and so act as 'metabolic sensors' providing a link between parental nutritional status and gene regulation. Separate to their genomic contribution, spermatozoa can also influence embryo development via direct interactions with the egg and by seminal plasma components that act on oviductal and uterine tissues

Métodos de diagnóstico en el estudio de las Miopatías Inflamatorias Autoinmunes

Las Miopatías Inflamatorias Autoinmunes (MI) comprenden un grupo de enfermedades heterogéneas con presentación y características clínicas variables. Se distinguen subtipos clínicos como Polimiositis (PM), Dermatomiositis (DM), Miositis por cuerpos de Inclusión (MCI), Miopatía Necrotizante Inmunomediada (MNIM), Miositis de los Síndromes de Superposición, formas juveniles de MI (DMJ), Síndrome Antisintetasa (SAS) y Miopatía Asociada a Cáncer (MAC). La presencia de anticuerpos séricos y el infiltrado inflamatorio en la biopsia de músculo sugiere que se trata de una condición autoinmune. Realizar el diagnóstico de las MI suele ser un desafío y las herramientas diagnósticas no siempre están disponibles en la práctica diaria. Se obtuvo información sobre la disponibilidad de estos métodos del Registro Argentino de Miopatías Inflamatorias. El estudio de enzimas musculares, Anticuerpos Antinucleares (ANA), anticuerpo anti-Jo-1 y la tomografía computada de tórax, estuvieron disponibles para la mayoría de los pacientes mientras que la Resonancia Magnética de musculo (RM), el estudio de difusión de monóxido de carbono (DLco) y la biopsia muscular se realizaron en menos del 50% de los casos. La determinación de otros anticuerpos específicos de miositis, de importancia en el diagnóstico y pronóstico de la enfermedad se realizó, en mayor parte, a través de un subsidio de la SAR

Potassium and Sodium Transport in Yeast

[EN] As the proper maintenance of intracellular potassium and sodium concentrations is vital for cell growth, all living organisms have developed a cohort of strategies to maintain proper monovalent cation homeostasis. In the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, potassium is accumulated to relatively high concentrations and is required for many aspects of cellular function, whereas high intracellular sodium/potassium ratios are detrimental to cell growth and survival. The fact that S. cerevisiae cells can grow in the presence of a broad range of concentrations of external potassium (10 M–2.5 M) and sodium (up to 1.5 M) indicates the existence of robust mechanisms that have evolved to maintain intracellular concentrations of these cations within appropriate limits. In this review, current knowledge regarding potassium and sodium transporters and their regulation will be summarized. 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