Intrapopulation genetic structure in Cryptocarya moschata Nees (Lauraceae)

Through the analysis of six enzyme systems (ACP, ALP, CAT, GOT, PPO and PO), with 18 polymorphic loci, allele frequencies of 24 alleles were calculated for 141 adult individuals of a natural population of Cryptocarya moschata (Brazilian nutmeg), from Carlos Botelho State Park (24º03'21 S, 47º59'36 W), São Miguel Arcanjo, SP, Brazil, which were sampled in an area ca. 647 ha. The spatial genetic structure was investigated by the spatial autocorrelation method, using Moran's I coefficients estimated for 10 distance classes. Additionally, for the same distance classes, coefficients r were calculated through a multivariate analysis. Both approaches were qualitatively similar, poiting out that 15 correlograms from Moran's I coefficients were significant at 95% probability level. The total correlogram from r coefficients indicated that there was a significant spatial structure for the distance class of 0 to 150 m. By subdividing this class into 10 m intervals, positive spatial autocorrelation was detected in the majority of classes, suggesting that clusters of C. moschata trees, which were shorter than 50 m apart, were constituted of individuals with greater genetic similarity and were probably related. However, the greatest genetic similarity occurred among individuals being 105 m apart, which could be related to the kind of seed dispersal promoted by Brachyteles arachnoides (Primates - Cebidae). Results showed that for an adequate sampling, aiming to detect genetic diversity, the collection of individuals separated by a distance of 750 m, or more, from each other, would be advisable.Pela análise de seis sistemas enzimáticos (ACP, ALP, CAT, GOT, PPO e PO), com 18 locos polimórficos, foram calculadas as freqüências alélicas de 24 alelos referentes a 141 indivíduos adultos de uma população natural de Cryptocarya moschata (noz-moscada-do-Brasil) do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (24º03'21 S, 47º59'36 W), São Miguel Arcanjo, SP, amostrados em uma área de cerca de 647 ha. A estrutura genética espacial foi investigada através do método de autocorrelação espacial, utilizando-se coeficientes I de Moran estimados para 10 classes de distância. Adicionalmente, para as mesmas classes de distância, estimaram-se os coeficientes r através de uma análise multivariada. Ambas as abordagens mostraram-se similares qualitativamente, sendo que 15 correlogramas de coeficientes I foram significativos ao nível de 95% de probabilidade. O correlograma total gerado pelos coeficientes r indicou estruturação espacial significativa para a classe de distância de 0 a 150 m. Pela subdivisão desta classe em intervalos de 10 m, detectou-se autocorrelação espacial positiva na maioria das classes, indicando que os agrupamentos de árvores de C. moschata, que se encontram separadas a distâncias menores que 50 m, são constituídos por indivíduos semelhantes geneticamente e provavelmente aparentados. Contudo, a maior similaridade genética ocorreu entre indivíduos distanciados em torno de 105 m, podendo estar associada à dispersão de sementes promovida por Brachyteles arachnoides (Primates - Cebidae). Pela análise dos resultados, conclui-se que para uma amostragem adequada, visando a detecção de diversidade genética, a coleta de indivíduos distanciados acima de 750 m seria recomendável.475487Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Operation and performance of the ATLAS semiconductor tracker

The semiconductor tracker is a silicon microstrip detector forming part of the inner tracking system of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The operation and performance of the semiconductor tracker during the first years of LHC running are described. More than 99% of the detector modules were operational during this period, with an average intrinsic hit efficiency of (99.74±0.04)%. The evolution of the noise occupancy is discussed, and measurements of the Lorentz angle, δ-ray production and energy loss presented. The alignment of the detector is found to be stable at the few-micron level over long periods of time. Radiation damage measurements, which include the evolution of detector leakage currents, are found to be consistent with predictions and are used in the verification of radiation background simulations

Measurement of the cross section of high transverse momentum Z→bb̄ production in proton–proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter reports the observation of a high transverse momentum Z→bb̄ signal in proton–proton collisions at √s=8 TeV and the measurement of its production cross section. The data analysed were collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb−¹. The Z→bb̄ decay is reconstructed from a pair of b -tagged jets, clustered with the anti-ktkt jet algorithm with R=0.4R=0.4, that have low angular separation and form a dijet with pT>200 GeVpT>200 GeV. The signal yield is extracted from a fit to the dijet invariant mass distribution, with the dominant, multi-jet background mass shape estimated by employing a fully data-driven technique that reduces the dependence of the analysis on simulation. The fiducial cross section is determined to be σZ→bb¯fid=2.02±0.20 (stat.) ±0.25 (syst.)±0.06 (lumi.) pb=2.02±0.33 pb, in good agreement with next-to-leading-order theoretical predictions

Centrality and rapidity dependence of inclusive jet production in √sNN = 5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of the centrality and rapidity dependence of inclusive jet production in √sNN = 5.02 TeV proton–lead (p + Pb) collisions and the jet cross-section in √s = 2.76 TeV proton–proton collisions are presented. These quantities are measured in datasets corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.8 nb−1 and 4.0 pb−1, respectively, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2013. The p + Pb collision centrality was characterised using the total transverse energy measured in the pseudorapidity interval −4.9 < η < −3.2 in the direction of the lead beam. Results are presented for the double-differential per-collision yields as a function of jet rapidity and transverse momentum (pT) for minimum-bias and centrality-selected p + Pb collisions, and are compared to the jet rate from the geometric expectation. The total jet yield in minimum-bias events is slightly enhanced above the expectation in a pT-dependent manner but is consistent with the expectation within uncertainties. The ratios of jet spectra from different centrality selections show a strong modification of jet production at all pT at forward rapidities and for large pT at mid-rapidity, which manifests as a suppression of the jet yield in central events and an enhancement in peripheral events. These effects imply that the factorisation between hard and soft processes is violated at an unexpected level in proton–nucleus collisions. Furthermore, the modifications at forward rapidities are found to be a function of the total jet energy only, implying that the violations may have a simple dependence on the hard parton–parton kinematics

Supplement to the ‘Catalogue of Brazilian plants collected by Prince Maximilian of Wied’

Background and aims – A supplement list to the "Catalogue of Brazilian plants collected by Prince Maximilian of Wied" is supplied, with additions of additional specimens and with corrections and updates of the correct names. This supplement is presented as an electronic appendix to this essay, keeping the original format of the Catalogue, as well as the original numbers of the entries that have any sort of changes. The essay itself presents a summary on what has been achieved regarding the Brazilian collections of Wied, in terms of the current holdings of the different herbaria investigated, the available literature, and the information depicted from the labels of specimens and Wied's travelogue.Methods – Additional specimens from 23 different herbaria [B, BM, BR, E, F, G, G-DC, GOET, HBG, JE, K, LD, LE, M, MEL, NY, P, PH, S, STR, TO, U, and W] were studied personally, or by checking their holdings available in the internet, or as photographs, digital images received from the curators.Key results – After the release of the Catalogue (2013), 181 additional specimens have been located at the V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute (LE) in Saint Petersburg, along with 249 other specimens attributable to Wied from other herbaria. From these, 44 species not listed in the Catalogue have been added here. Lectotypifications for Calydermos repens Spreng., Celastrus quadrangulata Schrad., Ethulia involucrata Nees & Mart., and Inga ramiflora Colla are made, as well as the synonymizations of Calydermos repens Spreng. under Centratherum punctatum Cass., Acacia lasiopus Colla under Piptadenia adiantoides (Spreng.) J.F.Macbr., Inga ramiflora Colla under Zygia latifolia (L.) Fawc. & Rendle var. communis (Mart.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes. Panicum vimineum Schrad. and P. planotis Trin. are homotypic synonyms

Estrutura genética intrapopulacional em Cryptocarya moschata Nees (Lauraceae)

Pela análise de seis sistemas enzimáticos (ACP, ALP, CAT, GOT, PPO e PO), com 18 locos polimórficos, foram calculadas as freqüências alélicas de 24 alelos referentes a 141 indivíduos adultos de uma população natural de Cryptocarya moschata (noz-moscada-do-Brasil) do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (24º03'21 S, 47º59'36 W), São Miguel Arcanjo, SP, amostrados em uma área de cerca de 647 ha. A estrutura genética espacial foi investigada através do método de autocorrelação espacial, utilizando-se coeficientes I de Moran estimados para 10 classes de distância. Adicionalmente, para as mesmas classes de distância, estimaram-se os coeficientes r através de uma análise multivariada. Ambas as abordagens mostraram-se similares qualitativamente, sendo que 15 correlogramas de coeficientes I foram significativos ao nível de 95% de probabilidade. O correlograma total gerado pelos coeficientes r indicou estruturação espacial significativa para a classe de distância de 0 a 150 m. Pela subdivisão desta classe em intervalos de 10 m, detectou-se autocorrelação espacial positiva na maioria das classes, indicando que os agrupamentos de árvores de C. moschata, que se encontram separadas a distâncias menores que 50 m, são constituídos por indivíduos semelhantes geneticamente e provavelmente aparentados. Contudo, a maior similaridade genética ocorreu entre indivíduos distanciados em torno de 105 m, podendo estar associada à dispersão de sementes promovida por Brachyteles arachnoides (Primates - Cebidae). Pela análise dos resultados, conclui-se que para uma amostragem adequada, visando a detecção de diversidade genética, a coleta de indivíduos distanciados acima de 750 m seria recomendável.Through the analysis of six enzyme systems (ACP, ALP, CAT, GOT, PPO and PO), with 18 polymorphic loci, allele frequencies of 24 alleles were calculated for 141 adult individuals of a natural population of Cryptocarya moschata (Brazilian nutmeg), from Carlos Botelho State Park (24º03'21 S, 47º59'36 W), São Miguel Arcanjo, SP, Brazil, which were sampled in an area ca. 647 ha. The spatial genetic structure was investigated by the spatial autocorrelation method, using Moran's I coefficients estimated for 10 distance classes. Additionally, for the same distance classes, coefficients r were calculated through a multivariate analysis. Both approaches were qualitatively similar, poiting out that 15 correlograms from Moran's I coefficients were significant at 95% probability level. The total correlogram from r coefficients indicated that there was a significant spatial structure for the distance class of 0 to 150 m. By subdividing this class into 10 m intervals, positive spatial autocorrelation was detected in the majority of classes, suggesting that clusters of C. moschata trees, which were shorter than 50 m apart, were constituted of individuals with greater genetic similarity and were probably related. However, the greatest genetic similarity occurred among individuals being 105 m apart, which could be related to the kind of seed dispersal promoted by Brachyteles arachnoides (Primates - Cebidae). Results showed that for an adequate sampling, aiming to detect genetic diversity, the collection of individuals separated by a distance of 750 m, or more, from each other, would be advisable.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES