38 research outputs found
Entropy and Random Walk Trails Water Confinement and Non-Thermal Equilibrium in Photon-Induced Nanocavities
Molecules near surfaces are regularly trapped in small cavitations. Molecular confinement, especially water confinement, shows intriguing and unexpected behavior including surface entropy adjustment; nevertheless, observations of entropic variation during molecular confinement are scarce. An experimental assessment of the correlation between surface strain and entropy during molecular confinement in tiny crevices is difficult because strain variances fall in the nanometer scale. In this work, entropic variations during water confinement in 2D nano/micro cavitations were observed. Experimental results and random walk simulations of water molecules inside different size nanocavitations show that the mean escaping time of molecular water from nanocavities largely deviates from the mean collision time of water molecules near surfaces, crafted by 157 nm vacuum ultraviolet laser light on polyacrylamide matrixes. The mean escape time distribution of a few molecules indicates a non-thermal equilibrium state inside the cavity. The time differentiation inside and outside nanocavities reveals an additional state of ordered arrangements between nanocavities and molecular water ensembles of fixed molecular length near the surface. The configured number of microstates correctly counts for the experimental surface entropy deviation during molecular water confinement. The methodology has the potential to identify confined water molecules in nanocavities with life science importance
Vacuum-Ultraviolet and Ultraviolet Fluorescence and Absorption Studies of Er(3+)-Doped Liluf4 Single-Crystals
Journal URL: http://apl.aip.org/apl/top.js
Long-term oxidization and phase transition of InN nanotextures
The long-term (6 months) oxidization of hcp-InN (wurtzite, InN-w) nanostructures (crystalline/amorphous) synthesized on Si [100] substrates is analyzed. The densely packed layers of InN-w nanostructures (5-40 nm) are shown to be oxidized by atmospheric oxygen via the formation of an intermediate amorphous In-Ox-Ny (indium oxynitride) phase to a final bi-phase hcp-InN/bcc-In2O3 nanotexture. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction are used to identify amorphous In-Ox-Ny oxynitride phase. When the oxidized area exceeds the critical size of 5 nm, the amorphous In-Ox-Ny phase eventually undergoes phase transition via a slow chemical reaction of atomic oxygen with the indium atoms, forming a single bcc In2O3 phase
Assessment of gene-by-sex interaction effect on bone mineral density
To access publisher's full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.Sexual dimorphism in various bone phenotypes, including bone mineral density (BMD), is widely observed; however, the extent to which genes explain these sex differences is unclear. To identify variants with different effects by sex, we examined gene-by-sex autosomal interactions genome-wide, and performed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and bioinformatics network analysis. We conducted an autosomal genome-wide meta-analysis of gene-by-sex interaction on lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD in 25,353 individuals from 8 cohorts. In a second stage, we followed up the 12 top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; p < 1 × 10(-5) ) in an additional set of 24,763 individuals. Gene-by-sex interaction and sex-specific effects were examined in these 12 SNPs. We detected one novel genome-wide significant interaction associated with LS-BMD at the Chr3p26.1-p25.1 locus, near the GRM7 gene (male effect = 0.02 and p = 3.0 × 10(-5) ; female effect = -0.007 and p = 3.3 × 10(-2) ), and 11 suggestive loci associated with either FN- or LS-BMD in discovery cohorts. However, there was no evidence for genome-wide significant (p < 5 × 10(-8) ) gene-by-sex interaction in the joint analysis of discovery and replication cohorts. Despite the large collaborative effort, no genome-wide significant evidence for gene-by-sex interaction was found to influence BMD variation in this screen of autosomal markers. If they exist, gene-by-sex interactions for BMD probably have weak effects, accounting for less than 0.08% of the variation in these traits per implicated SNP. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.Medtronic
NIH R01 AG18728
R01HL088119
R01AR046838
U01 HL084756
R01 AR43351
P01-HL45522
R01-MH-078111
R01-MH-083824
Nutrition and Obesity Research Center of Maryland P30DK072488
NIAMS/NIH F32AR059469
Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FIS (Spanish Health Ministry) PI 06/0034
PI08/0183
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
NHLBI HHSN268201200036C
N01-HC-85239
N01-HC-85079
N01-HC-85086
N01-HC-35129
N01 HC15103
N01 HC-55222
N01-HC-75150
N01-HC-45133
HL080295
HL087652
HL105756
NIA AG-023629
AG-15928
AG-20098
AG-027058
N01AG62101
N01AG62103
N01AG62106
1R01AG032098-01A1
National Center of Advancing Translational Technologies CTSI UL1TR000124
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases DK063491
EUROSPAN (European Special Populations Research Network)
European Commission FP6 STRP grant 018947
LSHG-CT-2006-01947
Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research
Erasmus MC
Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB)
Netherlands Brain Foundation (HersenStichting Nederland)
US National Institute for Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
National Institute on Aging R01 AR/AG41398
R01 AR050066
R21 AR056405
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study N01-HC-25195
Affymetrix, Inc. N02-HL-6-4278
Canadian Institutes of Health Research from Institute of Aging 165446
Institute of Genetics 179433
Institute of Musculoskeletal health 221765
Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging
National Institutes of Health HHSN268200782096C
Hong Kong Research Grant Council HKU 768610M
Bone Health Fund of HKU Foundation
KC Wong Education Foundation
Small Project Funding 201007176237
Matching Grant
CRCG Grant
Osteoporosis and Endocrine Research Fund
Genomics Strategic Research Theme of The University of Hong Kong
Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research NWO Investments 175.010.2005.011
911-03-012
Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly 014-93-015
Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA) 050-060-810
Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University, Rotterdam
Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw)
Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE)
Ministry of Education, Culture and Science
Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports
European Commission (DG XII)
Municipality of Rotterdam
German Bundesministerium fur Forschung und Technology 01 AK 803 A-H
01 IG 07015
Genetic Sharing with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Diabetes Reveals Novel Bone Mineral Density Loci.
Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a highly heritable trait, but genome-wide association studies have identified few genetic risk factors. Epidemiological studies suggest associations between BMD and several traits and diseases, but the nature of the suggestive comorbidity is still unknown. We used a novel genetic pleiotropy-informed conditional False Discovery Rate (FDR) method to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMD by leveraging cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated disorders and metabolic traits. By conditioning on SNPs associated with the CVD-related phenotypes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides and waist hip ratio, we identified 65 novel independent BMD loci (26 with femoral neck BMD and 47 with lumbar spine BMD) at conditional FDR < 0.01. Many of the loci were confirmed in genetic expression studies. Genes validated at the mRNA levels were characteristic for the osteoblast/osteocyte lineage, Wnt signaling pathway and bone metabolism. The results provide new insight into genetic mechanisms of variability in BMD, and a better understanding of the genetic underpinnings of clinical comorbidity
New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms
Preventing biological activity of Ulocladium sp spores in artifacts using 157-nm laser
Journal URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/100501
Wide band gap fluoride dielectric crystals doped with trivalent rare earth ions as optical materials for 157 nm photolithography
Journal URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0167931