The disstribution of syntopic Atypus affinis and Atypus piceus (Araneae, Atypidae) in a succession area of vineyard slopes in the Kaiserstuhl (south-western Germany)

Eines der gut belegten syntopen Vorkommen der beiden in Morphologie und Lebensweise sehr ähnlichen Atypus- Arten A. affinis und A. piceus befindet sich im Kaiserstuhl (Südwestdeutschland). Dies konnte im Rahmen einer seit 1979 kontinuierlich laufenden Langzeitstudie über die Wiederbesiedlung von Weinbergsböschungen nach großflächiger Flurbereinigung gezeigt werden. Die Männchen der beiden Arten sind zu unterschiedlichen Jahreszeiten an der Oberfläche aktiv, sie sind auch in der Größe klar verschieden. Für beide Arten konnte die Besiedlungsgeschichte nachvollzogen werden: Wie für einen typischen K-Strategen zu erwarten, erfolgt der Populationsaufbau langsam und ist heute noch nicht abgeschlossen. Die Atypus-Arten werden als geeignet angesehen, beispielhaft für Fragestellungen des Naturschutzes zu dienen. Auf Grund ihres langen Entwicklungszyklus sind diese Arten durch drastische Biotopveränderungen besonders gefährdet, am Kaiserstuhl wäre dies das neuerdings wieder erlaubte Flämmen zur Böschungspflege

Influence of mulching treatment on epigeic spiders in vineyards of the Kaiserstuhl area (SW-Germany)

Grünmulchen in den Rebflächen des Kaiserstuhls bewirkt, daß die Arten- und Individuenzahlen der Spinnen zunehmen. Das Artenspektrum verschiebt sich in Richtung trockenheitsliebender Arten - die Spinnenfauna wird "kaiserstuhltypischer". Die begrünten Rebflachen sind damit nicht nur Produktionsflächen, sondern auch Lebensraum für eine vielfaltige Fauna. Es gibt keine "Hackfrucht-Spinnengemeinschaft", vergleichbar der Hackfruchtflora in bodenbearbeiteten Rebflächen. Es gibt auf Rebflächen nur eine typische Spinnengemeinschaft, die je nach Intensität der Bearbeitung mehr oder weniger in Arten- und Individuenzahl reduziert ist.The spider fauna found in vineyards treated either by mulching or soil tilling was investigated and compared. Mulching treatment results in a spider community that is richer in species and in numbers. Many species found are typical for dry habitats and represent characteristic species of the Kaiserstuhl area

Spider communities as indicators of the development (succession) of afforested coal mining sites

On the basis of a space-for-time-substitution the succession of the spider coenosis of a Lusatian lignite mining area (pine afforestation) was investigated. Spiders were chosen because of their high abundance in both species and individuals and as representatives of a high trophic level. By comparing pine afforestations of different ages which additionally are located far away from each other we could detect a typical succession pattern in the spider coenosis. The pioneer Oedothorax apicatus (Linyphiidae) is characteristic of the initial state. Ten years after afforestation this species has disappeared and the locality shows a mixed population of spiders including species which prefer open habitats as well as species occurring in forests. After 30 years the typical species community of open, dry pine forests has established

Follow-up of bone mineral density changes in de novo kidney transplant recipients treated with two doses of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand inhibitor denosumab

BACKGROUND: Studies in women with post-menopausal osteoporosis have shown that discontinuation of treatment with denosumab leads to an increased risk of vertebral fractures because of rebound bone turnover and rapid loss of bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: In a post hoc analysis of the Prolia for Osteoporosis of Transplant Operated Patient study, we analyzed the effect of denosumab withdrawal on BMD changes. Twenty-five de novo kidney transplant recipients (KTR) who were treated for 1 year with 2 six-monthly doses of denosumab on top of standard treatment (daily calcium and vitamin D) were compared to a control group of 29 KTR who received standard treatment alone. BMD changes were analyzed by repeated dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry shortly after transplantation (baseline), after 6 and 12 months (active treatment phase) and after 2-6.5 years (follow-up phase). RESULTS: The average BMD at the lumbar spine declined markedly after discontinuation of treatment with denosumab but increased again thereafter. Thus, the average monthly change in lumbar spine BMD from month 12 onward was only 0.1 ± 2.8‰ in the denosumab group but 1.5 ± 1.9‰ in the control group (p = 0.021). The average monthly change in lumbar spine BMD from baseline to follow-up was similar in the control and denosumab group (1.1 ± 1.2‰ vs. 1.5 ± 2.4‰, p = 0.788). Similar results were seen at the total hip. CONCLUSIONS: In de novo KTR treated with 2 doses of denosumab, we detect a marked decrease in lumbar spine and hip BMD when denosumab is discontinued. Denosumab treatment should therefore not be discontinued without considering an alternative antiresorptive treatment

"Workshop zur Taxonomie mitteleuropäischer Spinnen" in Erlangen (8. - 10.01.1993): Taxonomie und Faunistik der kleinen Euophrys-Arten und der Gattungen Neaetha und Pellenes (Salticidae)

Da innerhalb der Araneae Mitteleuropas immer noch taxonomische Probleme bestehen, haben wir begonnen, systematisch schwierige Gattungen im Teamwork zu bearbeiten

Vermittlung von Teilchenphysik: Outreach und Physikdidaktik im Gespräch

 Auf der DPG Frühjahrstagung in Aachen (25.-29. März 2019) haben die Fachverbände Teilchenphysik und Didaktik der Physik mit der Durchführung eines gemeinsamen Workshops zur Vermittlung der Teilchenphysik ein neues Format erprobt. Eingeleitet durch drei knappe Impulsreferate, die die Perspektiven „Outreach“ (Claudia Behnke), „Schule“ (Klaus Buschhüter) und „Fachdidaktik“ (Oliver Passon) vertreten haben, wurde eine moderierte Diskussion geführt. In diesem Beitrag stellen zunächst die Sprecher die Kernpunkte ihrer Referate dar, bevor die anschließende Diskussion auf Grundlage einer Audioaufzeichnung zusammengefasst wird

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit