Friendly and Hostile Country Perceptions of Prospective Social Studies Teachers

Peace education requires that students have a correct and academic perception regarding other countries. These perceptions of students, who acquire certain perceptions starting from primary school to university, need to be based on real facts and should not contain extravagance.This study aims to determine whether 3rd year Prospective Social Studies Teachers have a perception of friendly and hostile country and what factors affect the formation of these perceptions. In this context, 33 students studying at Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak were interviewed using the semi-structured interview technique. Students were asked to write down their answers for questions in the interview form prepared for the study. The resulting data were analyzed with content analysis and descriptive analysis. Common statements were merged according to determined criteria and presented under themes.In the light of findings obtained from the study, it was seen that students had developed an awareness regarding friendliness and hostility. It was found that political events between States and national and religious issues were effective on the formation of this awareness. Also, factors such as media and internet were found to be effective on the formation of the awareness in question. On the other hand, it was found that students were influenced by current events when creating their knowledge-base. Keywords: history education, friendship, hostility, social studie

Valor predictivo de los test preoperatorios para estimar la intubación difícil en pacientes sometidos a la laringoscopia directa para la cirugía de oído, nariz y garganta

ResumenJustificación y objetivosEl valor predictivo de los test preoperatorios para estimar la intubación difícil puede ser diferente en afecciones laríngeas. Se hizo una revisión de las historias clínicas de los pacientes sometidos a laringoscopia directa y una investigación del valor predictivo de los exámenes preoperatorios para estimar la intubación difícil.MétodosSelección de historias clínicas de los períodos preoperatorio e intraoperatorio y del sistema informatizado del hospital.ResultadosSe evaluaron 2.611 pacientes. En un 7,4% se detectaron intubaciones difíciles. Las intubaciones difíciles fueron constatadas en pacientes con una puntuación de Mallampati (escala de Mallampati [EM]) clase 4 (50%); clasificación de Cormack-Lehane grado 4 (95,7%); conocimiento previo de la vía aérea difícil (86,2%); restricción de la amplitud de movimientos del cuello (amplitud de movimientos cervical) (75,8%); distancia tiromentoniana corta (81,6%); y masa en las cuerdas vocales (849,5%) (p<0,0001). La EM tuvo una sensibilidad baja, mientras que la amplitud de movimientos cervical, tuvo la presencia de masa en las cuerdas vocales, distancia tiromentoniana corta y EM con un valor predictivo positivo relativamente mayor. La incidencia de intubaciones difíciles se incrementó 6.159 y 1.736 veces en cada nivel de aumento de los grados de la clasificación de Cormack-Lehane y de la clase de la EM, respectivamente. Cuando todos los test fueron considerados en su conjunto, la intubación difícil pudo ser clasificada con exactitud en un 96,3% de los casos.ConclusiónLos resultados de los test que prevén intubaciones difíciles en casos con laringoscopia directa coincidieron claramente con los resultados previstos en la literatura para las poblaciones de pacientes en general. Las diferencias en algunos resultados de los test, cuando se les comparó con los de la población en general, pueden ser debidas a las condiciones patológicas subyacentes de la laringe en las poblaciones de pacientes con intubación difícil.AbstractBackground and objectivesPredictive value of preoperative tests in estimating difficult intubation may differ in the laryngeal pathologies. Patients who had undergone direct laryngoscopy were reviewed, and predictive value of preoperative tests in estimating difficult intubation was investigated.MethodsPreoperative, and intraoperative anesthesia record forms, and computerized system of the hospital were screened.ResultsA total of 2.611 patients were assessed. In 7.4% of the patients, difficult intubations were detected. Difficult intubations were encountered in some of the patients with Mallampati scoring (MS) system class 4 (50%), Cormack–Lehane classification grade 4 (95.7%), previous knowledge of difficult airway (86.2%), restricted neck movements (cervical range of motion) (75.8%), short thyromental distance (81.6%), vocal cord mass (849.5%) as indicated in parentheses (P<.0001). MS had a low sensitivity, while restricted cervical range of motion, presence of a vocal cord mass, short thyromental distance, and MS each had a relatively higher positive predictive value. Incidence of difficult intubations increased 6.159 and 1.736-fold with each level of increase in Cormack–Lehane classification grade and MS class, respectively. When all tests were considered in combination difficult intubation could be classified accurately in 96.3% of the cases.ConclusionTest results predicting difficult intubations in cases with direct laryngoscopy had observedly overlapped with the results provided in the literature for the patient populations in general. Differences in some test results when compared with those of the general population might stem from the concomitant underlying laryngeal pathological conditions in patient populations with difficult intubation

Güçlendirme Bağlamında İnternetin Hasta-Hekim İlişkilerine Etkisi

Yaşam boyu öğrenmenin günlük hayatın bir parçası haline geldiği günümüz toplumlarında, bilişim teknolojisi alanında yaşanan gelişmelere paralel olarak internet kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. İnternetin bilgiye erişim konusunda sağlamış olduğu geniş olanaklar, her konuda olduğu gibi sağlık konusunda da bilgilenmiş insan sayısını artırmaktadır. İnternet, hastaların güçlenmesini sağlayarak, kendi sağlıkları üzerinde öz yeterlilik, yetkinlik ve kontrol kazanmalarını, kendi sağlığına ilişkin kararlara ve sağlık bakımına aktif olarak katılmalarını kolaylaştırabilir. Güçlenen hastaların geleneksel hasta-hekim ilişkilerini değişime uğratacağı kuşkusuzdur. Bu değişimin yönünün hastanın hekimle birlikte karar verme sürecine ortak olarak katıldığı ve bilgilenerek seçim yapma gereksinimlerinin kabul edildiği daha eşitlikçi bir karar verme sürecine doğru gerçekleşmesi, sağlığın geliştirilmesi bağlamında arzu edilen bir durumdur. Bu değişim sürecinin kabul edilerek, tarafların bu değişime uyumu için desteklenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır

2,2′-Bipyridin-1-ium 3-nitro­benzene­sulfonate

In the title compound, C10H9N2 +·C6H4NO5S−, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings of the cation is 9.42 (7)°. In the crystal, the anions and cations are linked by C—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating R 2 1(5) and R 4 4(14) rings, respectively. These hydrogen bonds also provide packing along [110]

Using hypergraph clustering for software architecture reconstruction of data-tier software

Software architecture reconstruction techniques aim at recovering software architecture documentation regarding a software system. These techniques mainly analyze coupling/dependencies among the software modules to group them and reason about the high-level structure of the system. Hereby, inter-dependencies among the software modules are mainly represented with design structure matrices or regular directed/undirected graphs. In this paper, we introduce a software architecture reconstruction approach that utilizes hypergraphs for representing inter-module dependencies. We show that these models are more appropriate for capturing dependencies other than direct call relations. We illustrate the application of the approach with an industrial PL/SQL program from the telecommunications domain. PL/SQL programs are mainly composed of procedures that are coupled due to commonly accessed database elements. We analyze and represent these dependencies in the form of a hypergraph. Then, we perform modularity clustering on this model and propose a packaging structure to the designer accordingly. We observed promising results in comparison with previous work. The accuracy of the results were also approved by domain experts. Turkey http://www.turkcell.com.tr Kaya [email protected] Turkey Sabanci University ://people.sabanciuniv.edu/kaya/ [email protected] Turkey Turkcell http://www.turkcell.com.tr Hasan Sozer [email protected] Turkey Ozyegin University http://faculty.ozyegin.edu.tr/hsozer

Identification of resistance to Eurygaster integriceps Put. on some bread wheat genotypes

Sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) is one of the most important pests of wheat in Eastern Europe including Turkey, West and Cen-tral Asia. Its damage on leaves, stems, spikes and grains reduce the baking quality of flour made from damaged grains. In this study, some wheat genotypes from Turkey and ICARDA were evaluated for the pest resistance. The genotypes were planted in a randomized block design using hill plots in nylon mesh screening cages in wheat growing season of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. Sunn pest population was collected from Çanakkale province, where the pest was intensely found in recent years. The plants of each hill plots were infested with one male and one female Sunn pest adults. The results with 12.5% sucking damage showed that the genotypes from ICARDA had higher resistance than the landraces from Turkey to Sunn pest. Especially, the genotypes IC3 and IC4 from ICARDA and TR7 from Turkey with respect to their SED and DSED values were found the most promising genotypes resistant to Sunn pest for future breeding programs

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI