127 research outputs found
Mechanical biofilm disruption causes microbial and immunological shifts in periodontitis patients
Periodontitis is characterized by subgingival biofilm dysbiosis, inflammation and tissue destruction. Current treatment involves mechanical biofilm disruption known as non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). This study sought to characterise the impact of treatment on microbial diversity and overall community, and the parallel impact on host inflammation in the oral cavity. Fourty-two periodontitis patients were included in this study, with periodontal clinical parameters, subgingival plaque and saliva samples collected at baseline and 90 days after treatment. Salivary cytokines were quantified, and subgingival plaque was analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing. After treatment, there were marked health-associated alterations in microbial composition and diversity, including differential abundance of 42 genera and 61 species. These changes were accompanied by substantial clinical improvement (pockets ≥ 5 mm, 27.50% to 9.00%, p < 0.001) and a decrease in salivary IL-1β (p < 0.001)—a putative marker of periodontal inflammation. Despite significant reductions in disease associated anaerobes, several genera (Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Tanenerella, Treponema) remained present and formed a distinct subnetwork associated with residual disease. Collectively, this study shows that current periodontal treatment results in partial restoration of a healthy microbial ecosystem, but features of biofilm dysbiosis and host inflammation remain in some patients, which were surprisingly independent of clinical response
Search for Colour Singlet and Colour Reconnection Effects in Hadronic Z Decays at LEP
A search is performed in symmetric 3-jet hadronic Z decay events for evidence
of colour singlet production or colour reconnection effects. Asymmetries in the
angular separation of particles are found to be sensitive indicators of such
effects. Upper limits on the level of colour singlet production and colour
reconnection effects are established for a variety of models
Search for Colour Reconnection Effects in e+e- -> W+W- -> hadrons through Particle-Flow Studies at LEP
A search for colour reconnection effects in hadronic decays of W pairs is
performed with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 209
GeV. The analysis is based on the study of the particle flow between jets
associated to the same W boson and between two different W bosons in qqqq
events. The ratio of particle yields in the different interjet regions is found
to be sensitive to colour reconnection effects implemented in some
hadronisation models. The data are compared to different models with and
without such effects. An extreme scenario of colour reconnection is ruled out
Determination of alphaS from Hadronic Event Shapes in e+e- Annihilation at 192 < sqrt(s) < 208 GeV
Results are presented from a study of the structure of high energy hadronic
events recorded by the L3 detector at sqrt(s)>192 GeV. The distributions of
several event shape variables are compared to resummed O(alphaS^2) QCD
calculations. We determine the strong coupling constant at three average
centre-of-mass energies: 194.4, 200.2 and 206.2 GeV. These measurements,
combined with previous L3 measurements at lower energies, demonstrate the
running of alphaS as expected in QCD and yield alphaS(mZ) = 0.1227 +- 0.0012 +-
0.0058, where the first uncertainty is experimental and the second is
theoretical
Search for R-parity Violating Decays of Supersymmetric Particles in e+e- Collisions at LEP
A search, in e^+e^- collisions, for chargino, neutralino, scalar lepton and
scalar quark pair-production is performed, without assuming R-parity
conservation in decays, in the case that only one of the coupling constants
lambda_ijk or lambda''_ijk is non-negligible. No signal is found in data up to
a centre-of-mass energy of 208GeV. Limits on the production cross sections and
on the masses of supersymmetric particles are derived
The oral microbiome – an update for oral healthcare professionals
For millions of years, our resident microbes have coevolved and coexisted with us in a mostly harmonious symbiotic relationship. We are not distinct entities from our microbiome, but together we form a 'superorganism' or holobiont, with the microbiome playing a significant role in our physiology and health. The mouth houses the second most diverse microbial community in the body, harbouring over 700 species of bacteria that colonise the hard surfaces of teeth and the soft tissues of the oral mucosa. Through recent advances in technology, we have started to unravel the complexities of the oral microbiome and gained new insights into its role during both health and disease. Perturbations of the oral microbiome through modern-day lifestyles can have detrimental consequences for our general and oral health. In dysbiosis, the finely-tuned equilibrium of the oral ecosystem is disrupted, allowing disease-promoting bacteria to manifest and cause conditions such as caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. For practitioners and patients alike, promoting a balanced microbiome is therefore important to effectively maintain or restore oral health. This article aims to give an update on our current knowledge of the oral microbiome in health and disease and to discuss implications for modern-day oral healthcare
Upper Limits from HESS AGN Observations in 2005-2007
AIMS: Very high energy (VHE; E>100 GeV) gamma-ray studies were performed for
18 active galactic nuclei (AGN) from a variety of AGN classes.
METHODS: VHE observations of a sample of 14 AGN, considered candidate VHE
emitters, were made with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) between
January 2005 and July 2007. Large-zenith-angle observations of three northern
AGN (Mkn 421, Mkn 501, 1ES 1218+304), known to emit VHE gamma rays, were also
performed in order to sample their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) above 1
TeV. In addition, the VHE flux from 1ES 1101-232, previously detected by HESS
in 2004-2005, was monitored during 2006 and 2007.
RESULTS: As significant detections from the HESS observation program are
reported elsewhere, the results reported here are primarily integral flux upper
limits. The average exposure for each of the 14 VHE-candidate AGN is ~7 h live
time, and the observations have an average energy threshold between 230 GeV and
590 GeV. Upper limits for these 14 AGN range from <0.9% to <4.9% of the Crab
Nebula flux, and eight of these are the most constraining ever reported for the
object. The brief (<2.2 h each) large-zenith-angle observations yield upper
limits for Mkn 501 (<20% Crab above 2.5 TeV) and 1ES 1218+304 (<17% Crab above
1.0 TeV), and a marginal detection (3.5 sigma) of Mkn 421 (50% Crab above 2.1
TeV). 1ES 1101-232 was marginally detected (3.6 sigma, 1.7% Crab above 260 GeV)
during the 2006 (13.7 h live time) observations, but not in the 2007 (4.6 h
live time) data. The upper limit in 2007 (<1.9% Crab above 260 GeV) is below
the average flux measured by HESS from 2004-2006.Comment: 8 Pages, 2 Figures; Accepted on Nov 6, 2007 for publication in
Astronomy & Astrophysic
Discovery of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from the vicinity of PSR J1913+1011 with H.E.S.S
The H.E.S.S. experiment, an array of four Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov
Telescopes with high sensitivity and large field-of-view, has been used to
search for emitters of very-high-energy (VHE, >100 GeV) gamma-rays along the
Galactic plane, covering the region 30 deg < l < 60 deg, 280 deg < l < 330 deg,
and -3 deg < b < 3 deg. In this continuation of the H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane
Scan, a new extended VHE gamma-ray source was discovered at
alpha(2000)=19h12m49s, delta(2000)=+10d09'06'' (HESS J1912+101). Its integral
flux between 1-10 TeV is ~10% of the Crab Nebula flux in the same energy range.
The measured energy spectrum can be described by a power law with a photon
index Gamma = 2.7+-0.2(stat)+-0.3(sys). HESS J1912+101 is plausibly associated
with the high spin-down luminosity pulsar PSR J1913+1011. We also discuss
associations with an as yet unconfirmed SNR candidate proposed from low
frequency radio observation and/or with molecular clouds found in 13CO data.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures; Accepted for publication in A&A on February 20,
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