Four quark processes at LEP 200

In this paper I investigate the production of four quarks at LEP 200 energies. Effects due to initial state QED corrections and background diagrams, including QCD contributions, are studied and examples of results obtained with an event generator presented.Comment: 9 pages, INLO-PUB-8/9

Can the sneutrino be the lightest supersymmetric particle ?

Within the framework of the constrained Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model we show that recent LEP I limits on the invisible Z width exclude the possibility that the lightest sparticle is the sneutrino

Causes and trends of strike action in European Union countries

In the daily reality of modern polycentric societies, strike action expresses the divergence of contrasting interest and expectations. It is "the morning lunch of Parliamentary Democracy" which the mass media frequently endeavours to make it look or sound frightening, especially if there are some violent and blood clashes related to the dispute. Tpe strike, however, is considered to be the most important source of organized labour in its struggle to win concessions. It is "a planned withholding of labour designed to impose union demands on the employer from the employee or to prevent the employer from imposing his demands on the union". Although, there are multiple economic, social, legal and political interpretations, strike action has been defined as "a temporary stoppage of work by a group of employees in order to express a grievance or enforce a demand". An attempt has been made in this paper to determine the dominant influences of unemployment upon industrial disputes, as well as to trace the causes and trends of strikes in Europen Union countries in recent years. The main source of data is from the LLD's "Yearbook of Labour Statistics 1994". The original source of this same data is mainly drawn by the LL.O. from goverment statistical services of the countries included in the study. For reasons of statistical comparability, the use of sources other than the LLD. (except in certain cases) has been avoided.peer-reviewe

The debt trap of the Greek economy and the way out

In this paper it is argued that, in an economy with heavy loans such as Greece, structural reforms are not enough to lead the country out of the crisis. Only a Grexit with deep cuts and restructuring of debts, together with efficient state management and development policies may lead to growth. Greece has fallen in a huge debt trap which is perpetually growing by new loans. A little less than half of these loans have been created during the euro zone period and particularly after the 2008 crisis. In accordance with the Eurogroup agreements, Greece is obliged to pay every year to its lenders 15% of its GDP (27 billion euro) up to the year of 2023 and 20% of its GDP (36 billion), between the years 2023 and 2060. No country in the world can survive under such a heavy burden of debt obligations. It is argued that, even a country with heavy loans such as Greece, can succeed growth by imposing structural reforms such as sweeping impediments of labour, goods and service markets, breaking business and union monopoly power, make it easy to fire unwanted employees, removing regulations, red tape and licensing fees, privatizing state assets, increasing taxes and suppressing pensions etc. This is nothing but a totally false hypothesis. It has been illustrated in research that, structural reforms may provide in the long run a yearly growth of a little over 1%. It is also found that, they do not increase output during a crisis and they might have negative effects in the medium run. Thus, in the case of Greece, only deep cuts and restructuring of the debt (as with the German debt in the London 1953 agreement), accompanied with Grexit, development policies, efficient state management and reasonable structural reforms, may lead to the way out of the crisis and to growth.peer-reviewe

Currency wars, recession policies and the overvalued euro are to be blamed for the modern Greek tragedy

In this paper we argue that, Modern Greek Tragedy is mainly due to the overvalued euro in combination with the strict austerity policies imposed by Berlin. Greece also pays the price of the currency war between the dollar and the euro. The latter puts a heavy burden upon the country’s economic competitiveness as a costume that does not fit the Greek economy, which is mainly based on tourism that requires a labour-intensive production process. The deadlocks of strict monetary and income’s policies, accelerates the upcoming economic thunderstorm, the spiral of recession, the increase in unemployment, the brutal reduction of wages and pensions, the further fall of GDP and the increase of the debt. The always renewed fatal economic forecasts, simply postpone the explosion of the deadlock. Basic economics in theory and in practice are being depreciated. One wonders if there are economists, neoliberals, not to mention, Keynesians and/or radicals that, may support the possibility of an economic recovery under deep recession policies and the existence of a hard currency such as the euro. Trapped under the Berlin’s political prison and the euro zone fetish, Greece continues to follow its tragic road on the grounds that there is no alternative. Yet, in democracies there are no dead ends. If an economic policy is proven to be wrong and catastrophic, the best alternative is to change it.peer-reviewe

The Eurozone crisis and the structured Grexit as the proper alternative for Greece

In our paper we argue that, the economic stagnation of only the euro zone countries in a world that is growing much faster, is mainly due to the overvalued euro and the related austerity policy measures imposed under Berlin guidelines, The malpractices of the international markets, the underground currency wars between the dollar, the euro and the yen, are also to blame. The imposition of the euro zone as an optical currency area in totally different economies and without a fair political umbrella has been wrong. For Greece, it has been catastrophic. Between 2010- 2014, the country’s average annual GDP, declined at a yearly level of 4,6% and there are no signs that this will soon be reversed. The strict austerity policies imposed by the new “Memorandum”, will lead to more recession. In front of the deadlock, a structured Grexit is the proper alternative solution. This implies a controlled bankruptcy, suspension of debt payments and negotiations for cutting and extending its repayment period. During the initial negotiation days, the government must provide liquidity to the economy through the issuing of non-interest state bonds at a ratio of 1 : 1 in relation to the euro. Existing capital controls and transactions with electronic money will be helpful for the same cause. The next step is the issuing of the new drachma devaluated at 25-30%. In order to avoid hyperinflation, the amount of the new drachma produced, must not exceed a certain level of the M2. The euro may continue to be used as a parallel currency for a period decided in accordance with the result of negotiations and economic trends. Low and medium incomes could be increased gradually, in relation with labour productivity and GDP growth trends. Government spending restrictions, the combat of corruption, impunity, bureaucracy, tax evasion and the strengthening of productive investments, are also necessary for a healthy new beginning.peer-reviewe