1,790 research outputs found
Velocity distributions of H and OH produced through solar photodissociation of H2O
The calculated velocity distributions of atomic hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals produced through solar photodissociation of gaseous water molecules are presented. Under collisionless conditions, the calculation was carried out using the most recent available data for the production of H and OH through photodissociation of H2O from its dissociation onset throughout the EUV region. Because the lack of data in certain spectral regions, only upper and lower bounds to the velocity distributions can be obtained. The results show that the H atoms and OH radicals produced exhibit multiple velocity groups. Since most of the current cometary modeling uses a single velocity of 20 km/s associated with the photodissociation of H2O, the present results may be useful in interpreting the many peaks observed in the velocity distributions of cometary atomic hydrogen
Proactivity directed toward the team and organization : the role of leadership, commitment and role-breadth self-efficacy
Employees' proactive behaviour is increasingly important for organizations seeking to adapt in uncertain economic environments. This study examined the link between leadership and proactive behaviour. We differentiated between organizational leadership and team leadership and proposed that transformational leadership by team leaders would enhance commitment to the team, which would predict team member proactivity. In contrast, transformational leadership by leaders of the organization would enhance commitment to the organization, which we expected to predict organization member proactivity. Transformational leadership on both levels was expected to increase employees' role-breadth self-efficacy, the confidence necessary to engage in proactive behaviour. Our results demonstrate the importance of leadership as an antecedent of proactive work behaviour and suggest that leadership at different levels influences proactivity via different mediators. Transformational team leaders seem to facilitate proactivity by increasing employees' confidence to initiate change. Transformational organizational leaders on the other hand increase proactivity by enhancing employees' commitment to the organization
What can we learn about solar coronal mass ejections, coronal dimmings, and Extreme-Ultraviolet jets through spectroscopic observations?
We analyze several data sets obtained by Hinode/EIS and find various types of
flows during CMEs and EUV jet eruptions. CME-induced dimming regions are found
to be characterized by significant blueshift and enhanced line width by using a
single Gaussian fit. While a red-blue (RB) asymmetry analysis and a RB-guided
double Gaussian fit of the coronal line profiles indicate that these are likely
caused by the superposition of a strong background emission component and a
relatively weak (~10%) high-speed (~100 km s-1) upflow component. This finding
suggests that the outflow velocity in the dimming region is probably of the
order of 100 km s-1, not ~20 km s-1 as reported previously. Density and
temperature diagnostics suggest that dimming is primarily an effect of density
decrease rather than temperature change. The mass losses in dimming regions as
estimated from different methods are roughly consistent with each other and
they are 20%-60% of the masses of the associated CMEs. With the guide of RB
asymmetry analysis, we also find several temperature-dependent outflows (speed
increases with temperature) immediately outside the (deepest) dimming region.
In an erupted CME loop and an EUV jet, profiles of emission lines formed at
coronal and transition region temperatures are found to exhibit two
well-separated components, an almost stationary component accounting for the
background emission and a highly blueshifted (~200 km s-1) component
representing emission from the erupting material. The two components can easily
be decomposed through a double Gaussian fit and we can diagnose the electron
density, temperature and mass of the ejecta. Combining the speed of the
blueshifted component and the projected speed of the erupting material derived
from simultaneous imaging observations, we can calculate the real speed of the
ejecta.Comment: 20 figures. Ready for publication in ApJ. The quality of Figures 4,5
15 & 20 is greatly reduced as a result of the requirement of the size limit
of arXiv.org. High-quality version of these figures can be found in
http://download.hao.ucar.edu/pub/htian
Multiwavelength Study on Solar and Interplanetary Origins of the Strongest Geomagnetic Storm of Solar Cycle 23
We study the solar sources of an intense geomagnetic storm of solar cycle 23
that occurred on 20 November 2003, based on ground- and space-based
multiwavelength observations. The coronal mass ejections (CMEs) responsible for
the above geomagnetic storm originated from the super-active region NOAA 10501.
We investigate the H-alpha observations of the flare events made with a 15 cm
solar tower telescope at ARIES, Nainital, India. The propagation
characteristics of the CMEs have been derived from the three-dimensional images
of the solar wind (i.e., density and speed) obtained from the interplanetary
scintillation data, supplemented with other ground- and space-based
measurements. The TRACE, SXI and H-alpha observations revealed two successive
ejections (of speeds ~350 and ~100 km/s), originating from the same filament
channel, which were associated with two high speed CMEs (~1223 and ~1660 km/s,
respectively). These two ejections generated propagating fast shock waves
(i.e., fast drifting type II radio bursts) in the corona. The interaction of
these CMEs along the Sun-Earth line has led to the severity of the storm.
According to our investigation, the interplanetary medium consisted of two
merging magnetic clouds (MCs) that preserved their identity during their
propagation. These magnetic clouds made the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF)
southward for a long time, which reconnected with the geomagnetic field,
resulting the super-storm (Dst_peak=-472 nT) on the Earth.Comment: 24 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication in Solar Physic
How can indigenous research contribute to universal knowledge?: an illustration with research on interpersonal harmony
The indigenous perspective can provide a more complete, inâdepth, and accurate account of psychological phenomena for a given culture, but a major issue is that indigenous research tends to be ignored by researchers from other cultures. Chinese researchers who conduct research on indigenous issues may find it hard to publish in major Englishâlanguage journals. This paper explores how Chinese indigenous research is able to contribute to universal knowledge. Chinese are characterized by a relational and collectivistic orientation, whereas theories in the West tend to have a selfâfocus, primarily due to its individualistic culture. However, most psychological research conducted in the Chinese context is guided by Western theories, which likely results in incomplete understanding of Chinese behavior. A relational perspective can augment Western theories and facilitate the contribution of Chinese indigenous research to new theory development. To illustrate this possibility, this article summarizes current indigenous research on two harmony motives, and shows how such research can contribute to a compelling refinement and extension of social exchange theory
Corporate governance and IPO underpricing in a cross-national sample: A multilevel knowledge-based view
Prior studies of IPO underpricing, mostly using agency theory and single-country samples, have generally fallen short. In this study, we employ the knowledge-based view (KBV) to explore underpricing across 17 countries. We find that agency indicators are insignificant predictors, board of director knowledge limits underpricing, and external knowledge both substitutes for and complements internal board knowledge. This third finding suggests that future KBV studies should consider how internal and external knowledge states interact with each other. Our study offers new insights into the antecedents of underpricing and extends our understanding of comparative governance and the KBV of the firm
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