3,148 research outputs found
Creation of fully vectorized FORTRAN code for integrating the movement of dust grains in interplanetary environments
The main objective is to improve the performance of a specific FORTRAN computer code from the Planetary Sciences Division of NASA/Johnson Space Center when used on a modern vectorizing supercomputer. The code is used to calculate orbits of dust grains that separate from comets and asteroids. This code accounts for influences of the sun and 8 planets (neglecting Pluto), solar wind, and solar light pressure including Poynting-Robertson drag. Calculations allow one to study the motion of these particles as they are influenced by the Earth or one of the other planets. Some of these particles become trapped just beyond the Earth for long periods of time. These integer period resonances vary from 3 orbits of the Earth and 2 orbits of the particles to as high as 14 to 13
Evidence and Ethics: Litigating in the Shadows of the Rules
Obviously it is virtually inconceivable that we could identify and catalog all of the possible scenarios that will face attorneys as they litigate cases Litigation routinely creates situations that require counsel to make difficult choices No list of possibilities or set of rules would ever be truly complete or particularly helpful This article introduces then analyzes two scenarios to examine the customary conduct of attorneys and judges during criminal litigation The scenarios seek to place the attorney in each scenario in a realistic predicament in which unresolved ethical questions remain after application of all evidence and ethics rules The applicable rules are identified analyzed and applied within the scenarios to discuss the role of lawyers in the litigation setting Additionally the analysis addresses three schools of thought in professional ethics namely zealous advocacy personal conscience and professional conscience The first scenario is drawn from an actual homicide prosecution in which the prosecutions evidence addresses motive Scenario 2 is built from several rape cases The scenario examines previous false claim evidence in a rape case In this scenario the evidence is defenseproffered The proffered evidence in each scenario introduces the potential for prejudice The evidence also provides an opportunity to examine rules of evidence and ethics and how they protect or fail to protect against prejudice The piece notes the difficulty of identifying beforehand the countless situations attorneys may face during litigation and the difficulty of drafting rules sufficiently detailed to be useful to attorneys and judges during trials yet general enough to apply to the broad range of circumstances likely to be confronted Nevertheless some possibilities for strengthening the guidance to counsel during litigation are suggeste
Dynamic homogenisation of Maxwell’s equations with applications to photonic crystals and localised waveforms on gratings
A two-scale asymptotic theory is developed to generate continuum equations that model the macroscopic be- haviour of electromagnetic waves in periodic photonic structures when the wavelength is not necessarily long relative to the periodic cell dimensions; potentially highly-oscillatory short-scale detail is encapsulated through integrated quantities. The resulting equations include tensors that represent effective refractive indices near band edge frequencies along all principal axes directions, and these govern scalar functions providing long-scale mod- ulation of short-scale Bloch eigenstates, which can be used to predict the propagation of waves at frequencies outside of the long wavelength regime; these results are outside of the remit of typical homogenisation schemes. The theory we develop is applied to two topical examples, the first being the case of aligned dielectric cylin- ders, which has great importance in modelling photonic crystal fibres. Results of the asymptotic theory are veri- fied against numerical simulations by comparing photonic band diagrams and evanescent decay rates for guided modes. The second example is the propagation of electromagnetic waves localised within a planar array of di- electric spheres; at certain frequencies strongly directional propagation is observed, commonly described as dy- namic anisotropy. Computationally this is a challenging three-dimensional calculation, which we perform, and then demonstrate that the asymptotic theory captures the effect, giving highly accurate qualitative and quantitative comparisons as well as providing interpretation for the underlying change from elliptic to hyperbolic behaviour
The DLG processor: A data management executive for the engineering design integration (EDIN) system. Volume 1: Engineering description and utilization manual
The DLG processor is a Univac 1100 series computer program designed to read, modify, manipulate, and replace symbolic images. DLG is controlled by a set of user supplied directives and operates from a data base of stratified information which can be merged with the symbolic images. Data bases can be constructed and maintained in the mass storage media using the DLG directive language
The DLG processor: A data management executive for the engineering design integration (EDIN) system. Volume 2: Programmers' manual
For abstract, see N75-17122
High frequency homogenisation for elastic lattices
A complete methodology, based on a two-scale asymptotic approach, that
enables the homogenisation of elastic lattices at non-zero frequencies is
developed. Elastic lattices are distinguished from scalar lattices in that two
or more types of coupled waves exist, even at low frequencies. Such a theory
enables the determination of effective material properties at both low and high
frequencies. The theoretical framework is developed for the propagation of
waves through lattices of arbitrary geometry and dimension. The asymptotic
approach provides a method through which the dispersive properties of lattices
at frequencies near standing waves can be described; the theory accurately
describes both the dispersion curves and the response of the lattice near the
edges of the Brillouin zone. The leading order solution is expressed as a
product between the standing wave solution and long-scale envelope functions
that are eigensolutions of the homogenised partial differential equation. The
general theory is supplemented by a pair of illustrative examples for two
archetypal classes of two-dimensional elastic lattices. The efficiency of the
asymptotic approach in accurately describing several interesting phenomena is
demonstrated, including dynamic anisotropy and Dirac cones.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figure
The homogenisation of Maxwell's equations with applications to photonic crystals and localised waveforms on metafilms
An asymptotic theory is developed to generate equations that model the global
behaviour of electromagnetic waves in periodic photonic structures when the
wavelength is not necessarily long relative to the periodic cell dimensions;
potentially highly-oscillatory short-scale detail is encapsulated through
integrated quantities.
The theory we develop is then applied to two topical examples, the first
being the case of aligned dielectric cylinders, which has great importance in
the modelling of photonic crystal fibres. We then consider the propagation of
waves in a structured metafilm, here chosen to be a planar array of dielectric
spheres. At certain frequencies strongly directional dynamic anisotropy is
observed, and the asymptotic theory is shown to capture the effect, giving
highly accurate qualitative and quantitative results as well as providing
interpretation for the underlying change from elliptic to hyperbolic behaviour
Parabolic Metamaterials and Dirac Bridges
A new class of multi-scale structures, referred to as `parabolic
metamaterials' is introduced and studied in this paper. For an elastic
two-dimensional triangular lattice, we identify dynamic regimes, which
corresponds to so-called `Dirac Bridges' on the dispersion surfaces. Such
regimes lead to a highly localised and focussed unidirectional beam when the
lattice is excited. We also show that the flexural rigidities of elastic
ligaments are essential in establishing the `parabolic metamaterial' regimes.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
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