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Shared Genetics of Psychiatric Disorders
Until recently, advances in understanding the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders have been impeded by a historic, and often mandated, commitment to the use of traditional, and unvalidated, categorical diagnoses in isolation as the relevant phenotype. Such studies typically required lengthy structured interviews to delineate differences in the character and duration of behavioral symptomatology amongst disorders that were thought to be etiologic, and they were often underpowered as a result. Increasing acceptance of the fact that co-morbidity in psychiatric disorders is the rule rather than the exception has led to alternative designs in which shared dimensional symptomatology is analyzed as a quantitative trait and to association analyses in which combined polygenic risk scores are computationally compared across multiple traditional categorical diagnoses to identify both distinct and unique genetic and environmental elements. Increasing evidence that most mental disorders share many common genetic risk variants and environmental risk modifiers suggests that the broad spectrum of psychiatric pathology represents the pleiotropic display of a more limited series of pathologic events in neuronal development than was originally believed, regulated by many common risk variants and a smaller number of rare ones
Classical logic, continuation semantics and abstract machines
One of the goals of this paper is to demonstrate that denotational semantics is useful for operational issues like implementation of functional languages by abstract machines. This is exemplified in a tutorial way by studying the case of extensional untyped call-by-name λ-calculus with Felleisen's control operator 𝒞. We derive the transition rules for an abstract machine from a continuation semantics which appears as a generalization of the ÂŹÂŹ-translation known from logic. The resulting abstract machine appears as an extension of Krivine's machine implementing head reduction. Though the result, namely Krivine's machine, is well known our method of deriving it from continuation semantics is new and applicable to other languages (as e.g. call-by-value variants). Further new results are that Scott's Dâ-models are all instances of continuation models. Moreover, we extend our continuation semantics to Parigot's λΌ-calculus from which we derive an extension of Krivine's machine for λΌ-calculus. The relation between continuation semantics and the abstract machines is made precise by proving computational adequacy results employing an elegant method introduced by Pitts
Symbolic execution proofs for higher order store programs
Higher order store programs are programs which store, manipulate and invoke code at runtime. Important examples of higher order store programs include operating system kernels which dynamically load and unload kernel modules. Yet conventional Hoare logics, which provide no means of representing changes to code at runtime, are not applicable to such programs. Recently, however, new logics using nested Hoare triples have addressed this shortcoming. In this paper we describe, from top to bottom, a sound semi-automated verification system for higher order store programs. We give a programming language with higher order store features, define an assertion language with nested triples for specifying such programs, and provide reasoning rules for proving programs correct. We then present in full our algorithms for automatically constructing correctness proofs. In contrast to earlier work, the language also includes ordinary (fixed) procedures and mutable local variables, making it easy to model programs which perform dynamic loading and other higher order store operations. We give an operational semantics for programs and a step-indexed interpretation of assertions, and use these to show soundness of our reasoning rules, which include a deep frame rule which allows more modular proofs. Our automated reasoning algorithms include a scheme for separation logic based symbolic execution of programs, and automated provers for solving various kinds of entailment problems. The latter are presented in the form of sets of derived proof rules which are constrained enough to be read as a proof search algorithm
The cooperative endorsement of a strategic game
This note provides a way to translate a strategic game to a characteristic cooperative game assuming that the set of players of the cooperative game is the set of pure actions of the strategic game. Coalitions generated with only one action for each player and the total coalition characterize the Core. We calculate the worth of the total coalition to guarantee the non-emptyness condition. In particular, for a two-player game, this value is equal to the maximal sum of the diagonals.Cooperative games, core
Methodological Approach for the Development of a Simplified Residential Building Energy Estimation in Temperate Climate
Energy ratings and minimum requirements for thermal envelopes and heating and
air conditioning systems emerged as tools to minimize energy consumption and greenhouse gas
emissions, improve energy e ciency and promote greater transparency with regard to energy use
in buildings. In Latin America, not all countries have building energy e ciency regulations, many
of them are voluntary and more than 80% of the existing initiatives are simplified methods and are
centered in energy demand analysis and the compliance of admissible values for di erent indicators.
However, the application of these tools, even when simplified, is reduced. The main objective is
the development of a simplified calculation method for the estimation of the energy consumption
of multifamily housing buildings. To do this, an energy model was created based on the real use
and occupation of a reference building, its thermal envelope and its thermal systemâs performance.
This model was simulated for 42 locations, characterized by their climatic conditions, whilst also
considering the thermal transmittance fulfilment. The correlation between energy consumption
and the climatic conditions is the base of the proposed method. The input data are seven climatic
characteristics. Due to the sociocultural context of Latin America, the proposed method is estimated
to have more possible acceptance and applications than other more complex methods, increasing the
rate of buildings with an energy assessment. The results have demonstrated a high reliability in the
prediction of the statistical models created, as the determination coe cient (R2) is nearly 1 for cooling
and heating consumption
A semantic foundation for hidden state
We present the first complete soundness proof of the antiframe
rule, a recently proposed proof rule for capturing information hiding
in the presence of higher-order store. Our proof involves solving a
non-trivial recursive domain equation, and it helps identify some of the
key ingredients for soundness
Assessing Structure and Function in Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic nerve diseases sharing an accelerated
degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that, if untreated, leads to progressive
and irreversible loss of visual function. Worldwide, glaucoma is the second leading
cause of blindness. Of the many types of glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is
probably the most common one in Western countries. Probably less than half of all people who
have the disease are aware of it
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