Un semigrupo cuántico de Markov adjunto y estados fuera de equilibrio

Dados un semigrupo cuántico de Markov (QMS por sus siglas en inglés) T , un estado invariante fiel ρ y una operación de inversión del tiempo Θ, se introduce el semigrupo Θ-KMS adjunto T Θ con respecto al estado ρ como el semigrupo adjunto adecuado para medir la desviación del equilibrio Θ-balance detallado cuántico estándar (Θ-SQDB). Desarrollamos un esquema para asociar a cada elemento completamente positivo un estado en un producto tensorial que utilizamos para medir la desviación del equilibrio, mediante la entropía relativa de von Neumann de las familias de estados asociados con el semigrupo y el semigrupo adjunto. Demostramos que el Θ-SQDB es satisfecho si y solo si esta entropía relativa es cero. Damos una generalización del teorema de Qian et al. para la clase de QMS circulantes y, mediante un ejemplo, mostramos que no es posible obtener un análogo no conmutativo de este teorema para todo QMS utilizando esta noción de equilibrio. Palabras clave: Θ-KMS adjunto; estado entrelazado de Fagnola-Rebolledo; estados asociados con transformaciones CP; semigrupo cuántico de Markov; estado estacionario de equilibrio y fuera de equilibrio; entropía relativa de von Neumann; tasa de producción de entropía; semigrupos circulantes

Wavefront reconstruction of discontinuous phase objects from optical deflectometry

One of the challenges in phase measuring deflectometry is to retrieve the wavefront from objects that present discontinuities or non-differentiable gradient fields. Here, we propose the integration of such gradients fields based on an Lp-norm minimization problem. The solution of this problem results in a nonlinear partial differential equation, which can be solved with a fast and well-known numerical methods and doesn't depend on external parameters. Numerical reconstructions on both synthetic and experimental data are presented that demonstrate the capability of the proposed method

Caracterización de suelos en la ciudad de Foz de Iguazú

Anais do III Encontro de Iniciação Científica da Unila - Sessão de Engenharia Civil - 06/11/14 – 13h30 às 15h50 - Unila-PTI - Bloco 09 – Espaço 02 – Sala 02Agrupar suelos por la semejanza en sus comportamientos, correlacionar propiedades con los grupos de un sistema de clasificación, aunque sea un proceso empírico, permite resolver multitud de problemas al momento del diseño de cimentaciones profundas. De la misma forma, la importancia del conocimiento de las característica propias del suelo se pone de manifiesto desde el momento de la propia ejecución de la obra por su influencia sobre la seguridad de los trabajadores en la realización de excavaciones y movimientos de tierras así como en la de los elementos auxiliares de la construcción: cimbras, encofrados, pozos y zanjas de cimentación líneas enterradas, por mencionar algunos. Bajo ese contexto, este proyecto de investigación refleja los resultados del estudio experimental y de campo del muestreo de suelos en la ciudad de Foz do Iguazú que permite identificar la tipología de suelo según la Clasificación Unificada de Suelos (SUCS). Para la identificación del suelo se realizaron diversos ensayos de Distribución granulométrica, sedimentación, límites de consistencia y plasticidad según normativa NBR. Se han analizado un total de 15 muestras en el área urbana, las cuales han sido reflejadas en software específico. Según la metodología SUCS se obtuvo que el 60% de suelos son clasificados como arenosos con limo y 40% arenosos con arcilla. Respecto a los resultados finales asociados a los índices físicos se obtuvo que los suelos reflejan baja plasticidad en su totalidad, sugieren poca permeabilidad, ofrecen grado de compresibilidad de media abaja y su capacidad de carga se presenta de media a baja para todas las muestras ensayadas. Para fines de ingeniería y diseño de cimentaciones superficiales, se concluye que no existe variabilidad en la composición y clasificación de suelos según la metodología adoptada para la ciudad de Foz do Iguazú en lo que se refiere a la zona de estudio. Agradecemos a la Universidad Federal de la Integración Latinoamericana (UNILA) por la beca de iniciación científica concedida.Becario Pibic/Unila; Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA

Effect of Arrabidaea Chica Verlot Hydroalcoholic Extract on Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis of Rat Knees / Efeito do Extrato Hidroalcoólico de Arrabidaea chica Verlot na osteoartrite induzida por Monoiodoacetato de Sódio em joelhos de ratos

Introdution: The Arrabidaea chica Verlot (A. chica, ACV), with well-demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties,  appears as an option with therapeutic potential for the osteoarthritis; thus, validating its use is highly relevant. Method: 72 rats were allocated to 3 groups: control, osteoarthritis and phytotherapy {these last two were subjected to osteoarthritis induction, and treated orally with 0.9% normal saline (0.1 mL/100 g) and ACV hydroalcoholic extract (500 mg/kg), respectively, from days 7 to 28}. The 3 groups were subjected to weekly (days 7, 14, 21, 28) assessments including clinical tests (weight-bearing and von Frey), radiological and histopathological analyses.  Fractionation of the ACV´s hydroalcoholic extract was performed and it´s fractions were analysed. Results: The evaluation of the values of the osteoarthritis and phytotherapy groups showed significant difference, with p <0,05 : weight-bearing- on days 14 (29,64 x 35,52), 21 (32,62 x 42,53) and 28 (33,56 x 47,14), von Frey- on days 14 (31,12 x 37,80), 21 (30,24 x 41,48) and 28 (35,78 x 46,09),  x-ray- on days 21 (2,17 x 1,20) and 28 (2,33 x 1,40), and histopathological analysis- on day 28 (0,03 x 2,20). The fractionation of the extract obtained the FH (hexane), FC (chloroform), FAE (ethyl acetate) and FB (butanolic) fractions. The FAE had highest total polypnenolic contents and the FH had the highest concentration of total flavonoids. Conclusion: The ACV extract promoted a reduction in static incapacitance, allodynia, radiological score and degree of synovitis, and FAE and FH fractions are probably the fractions responsible for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the ACV extract

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Selection Signatures in Worldwide Sheep Populations

The diversity of populations in domestic species offers great opportunities to study genome response to selection. The recently published Sheep HapMap dataset is a great example of characterization of the world wide genetic diversity in sheep. In this study, we re-analyzed the Sheep HapMap dataset to identify selection signatures in worldwide sheep populations. Compared to previous analyses, we made use of statistical methods that (i) take account of the hierarchical structure of sheep populations, (ii) make use of linkage disequilibrium information and (iii) focus specifically on either recent or older selection signatures. We show that this allows pinpointing several new selection signatures in the sheep genome and distinguishing those related to modern breeding objectives and to earlier post-domestication constraints. The newly identified regions, together with the ones previously identified, reveal the extensive genome response to selection on morphology, color and adaptation to new environments