Sublocalization, superlocalization, and violation of standard single parameter scaling in the Anderson model

We discuss the localization behavior of localized electronic wave functions in the one- and two-dimensional tight-binding Anderson model with diagonal disorder. We find that the distributions of the local wave function amplitudes at fixed distances from the localization center are well approximated by log-normal fits which become exact at large distances. These fits are consistent with the standard single parameter scaling theory for the Anderson model in 1d, but they suggest that a second parameter is required to describe the scaling behavior of the amplitude fluctuations in 2d. From the log-normal distributions we calculate analytically the decay of the mean wave functions. For short distances from the localization center we find stretched exponential localization ("sublocalization") in both, 1d and 2d. In 1d, for large distances, the mean wave functions depend on the number of configurations N used in the averaging procedure and decay faster that exponentially ("superlocalization") converging to simple exponential behavior only in the asymptotic limit. In 2d, in contrast, the localization length increases logarithmically with the distance from the localization center and sublocalization occurs also in the second regime. The N-dependence of the mean wave functions is weak. The analytical result agrees remarkably well with the numerical calculations.Comment: 12 pages with 9 figures and 1 tabl

Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research recommendations for cancer prevention in adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors:results from the SURVAYA study

Purpose: For adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors with a good prognosis, having a healthy lifestyle prevents morbidity and mortality after treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of (un)healthy lifestyle behaviors and related determinants in AYA cancer survivors. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was performed among long-term (5–20 years) AYA cancer survivors (18–39 years old at diagnosis) registered within the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Self-reported questionnaires data about health behaviors were used to calculate the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) adherence score. Associations between the score and clinical/sociodemographic determinants of (un)healthy behaviors were investigated using logistic regression models. Results: The mean WCRF/AICR score was low to moderate, 3.8 ± 1.2 (0.5–7.0) (n = 3668). Sixty-one percent adhered to “limit the consumption of sugar sweetened drinks,” 28% to “be a healthy weight,” 25% to “fruit and vegetable consumption,” and 31% to “limit alcohol consumption.” Moderate and high adherence were associated with being a woman (ORmoderate = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.14–1.85, and ORhigh = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.46–2.4) and highly educated (ORmoderate = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.30–1.83, and ORhigh = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.46–2.4). Low adherence was associated with smoking (ORmoderate = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.50–0.92, and ORhigh = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.21–0.44) and diagnosis of germ cell tumor (ORmoderate = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.39–0.86, and ORhigh = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.30–0.69). Conclusions: Adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR lifestyle recommendations was low to moderate, especially regarding body weight, fruit, vegetables, and alcohol consumption. Men, current smokers, lower-educated participants, and/or those diagnosed with germ cell tumors were less likely to have a healthy lifestyle. Implications for Cancer Survivors: Health-promotion programs (e.g., age-specific tools) are needed, focusing on high-risk groups.</p

Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research recommendations for cancer prevention in adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors:results from the SURVAYA study

Purpose: For adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors with a good prognosis, having a healthy lifestyle prevents morbidity and mortality after treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of (un)healthy lifestyle behaviors and related determinants in AYA cancer survivors. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was performed among long-term (5–20 years) AYA cancer survivors (18–39 years old at diagnosis) registered within the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Self-reported questionnaires data about health behaviors were used to calculate the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) adherence score. Associations between the score and clinical/sociodemographic determinants of (un)healthy behaviors were investigated using logistic regression models. Results: The mean WCRF/AICR score was low to moderate, 3.8 ± 1.2 (0.5–7.0) (n = 3668). Sixty-one percent adhered to “limit the consumption of sugar sweetened drinks,” 28% to “be a healthy weight,” 25% to “fruit and vegetable consumption,” and 31% to “limit alcohol consumption.” Moderate and high adherence were associated with being a woman (ORmoderate = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.14–1.85, and ORhigh = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.46–2.4) and highly educated (ORmoderate = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.30–1.83, and ORhigh = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.46–2.4). Low adherence was associated with smoking (ORmoderate = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.50–0.92, and ORhigh = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.21–0.44) and diagnosis of germ cell tumor (ORmoderate = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.39–0.86, and ORhigh = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.30–0.69). Conclusions: Adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR lifestyle recommendations was low to moderate, especially regarding body weight, fruit, vegetables, and alcohol consumption. Men, current smokers, lower-educated participants, and/or those diagnosed with germ cell tumors were less likely to have a healthy lifestyle. Implications for Cancer Survivors: Health-promotion programs (e.g., age-specific tools) are needed, focusing on high-risk groups.</p

Statistics of pre-localized states in disordered conductors

The distribution function of local amplitudes of single-particle states in disordered conductors is calculated on the basis of the supersymmetric $\sigma$-model approach using a saddle-point solution of its reduced version. Although the distribution of relatively small amplitudes can be approximated by the universal Porter-Thomas formulae known from the random matrix theory, the statistics of large amplitudes is strongly modified by localization effects. In particular, we find a multifractal behavior of eigenstates in 2D conductors which follows from the non-integer power-law scaling for the inverse participation numbers (IPN) with the size of the system. This result is valid for all fundamental symmetry classes (unitary, orthogonal and symplectic). The multifractality is due to the existence of pre-localized states which are characterized by power-law envelopes of wave functions, $|\psi_t(r)|^2\propto r^{-2\mu}$, $\mu <1$. The pre-localized states in short quasi-1D wires have the power-law tails $|\psi (x)|^2\propto x^{-2}$, too, although their IPN's indicate no fractal behavior. The distribution function of the largest-amplitude fluctuations of wave functions in 2D and 3D conductors has logarithmically-normal asymptotics.Comment: RevTex, 17 twocolumn pages; revised version (several misprint corrected

A review of Monte Carlo simulations of polymers with PERM

In this review, we describe applications of the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method (PERM), a sequential Monte Carlo algorithm with resampling, to various problems in polymer physics. PERM produces samples according to any given prescribed weight distribution, by growing configurations step by step with controlled bias, and correcting "bad" configurations by "population control". The latter is implemented, in contrast to other population based algorithms like e.g. genetic algorithms, by depth-first recursion which avoids storing all members of the population at the same time in computer memory. The problems we discuss all concern single polymers (with one exception), but under various conditions: Homopolymers in good solvents and at the $\Theta$ point, semi-stiff polymers, polymers in confining geometries, stretched polymers undergoing a forced globule-linear transition, star polymers, bottle brushes, lattice animals as a model for randomly branched polymers, DNA melting, and finally -- as the only system at low temperatures, lattice heteropolymers as simple models for protein folding. PERM is for some of these problems the method of choice, but it can also fail. We discuss how to recognize when a result is reliable, and we discuss also some types of bias that can be crucial in guiding the growth into the right directions.Comment: 29 pages, 26 figures, to be published in J. Stat. Phys. (2011

An Integrated TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource to Drive High-Quality Survival Outcome Analytics

For a decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program collected clinicopathologic annotation data along with multi-platform molecular profiles of more than 11,000 human tumors across 33 different cancer types. TCGA clinical data contain key features representing the democratized nature of the data collection process. To ensure proper use of this large clinical dataset associated with genomic features, we developed a standardized dataset named the TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource (TCGA-CDR), which includes four major clinical outcome endpoints. In addition to detailing major challenges and statistical limitations encountered during the effort of integrating the acquired clinical data, we present a summary that includes endpoint usage recommendations for each cancer type. These TCGA-CDR findings appear to be consistent with cancer genomics studies independent of the TCGA effort and provide opportunities for investigating cancer biology using clinical correlates at an unprecedented scale. Analysis of clinicopathologic annotations for over 11,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program leads to the generation of TCGA Clinical Data Resource, which provides recommendations of clinical outcome endpoint usage for 33 cancer types

Superstripes and complexity in high-temperature superconductors

While for many years the lattice, electronic and magnetic complexity of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) has been considered responsible for hindering the search of the mechanism of HTS now the complexity of HTS is proposed to be essential for the quantum mechanism raising the superconducting critical temperature. The complexity is shown by the lattice heterogeneous architecture: a) heterostructures at atomic limit; b) electronic heterogeneity: multiple components in the normal phase; c) superconducting heterogeneity: multiple superconducting gaps in different points of the real space and of the momentum space. The complex phase separation forms an unconventional granular superconductor in a landscape of nanoscale superconducting striped droplets which is called the "superstripes" scenario. The interplay and competition between magnetic orbital charge and lattice fluctuations seems to be essential for the quantum mechanism that suppresses thermal decoherence effects at an optimum inhomogeneity.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures; J. Supercon. Nov. Mag. 201

Search for black holes and other new phenomena in high-multiplicity final states in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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