Hércules, Hermes e a Pequena Sereia: uma reflexão sobre estereótipos de gênero, subpresentação das mulheres nos tribunais e (i) legitimidade democrática do poder judiciário

O presente artigo tem por objetivo explorar as correlações entre os estereótipos de gênero, déficits de representatividade feminina nas cúpulas do poder judiciário e o debate sobre a (i)legitimidade democrática deste ramo de poder. Em primeiro lugar, apresentamos a divisão público-privado na teoria feminista e analisamos os arquétipos do juiz ideal na teoria jurídica. Para isso, recorremos à metodologia da revisão bibliográfica. Em sequência, fazemos um levantamento de dados sobre a composição dos órgãos de cúpula do poder judiciário, com foco nos tribunais superiores e na justiça federal, que demonstram baixa representatividade de gênero e indicam uma tendência à estratificação na composição desses setores. Por fim, com base na análise dos dados, desenvolvemos a tese prescritiva de que o incremento da diversidade na composição da magistratura é um requisito para a afirmação da sua legitimidade democrática. Em conclusão, formulamos uma defesa não essencialista do equilíbrio de gênero na composição dos órgãos do judiciário, escorada na premissa de que a diversidade nos órgãos estatais é uma exigência do princípio democrático. A conexão entre representatividade como pressuposto da legitimidade democrática do judiciário é um tópico ainda pouco explorado, que ganha relevância no contexto em que se dissemina a ideia de que as cortes constitucionais têm papel representativo

A Revista “Pesquisa FAPESP” como Recurso para Abordagem da Sociologia da Ciência

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o potencial de textos de divulgação científica (TDC) da revista Pesquisa FAPESP como recurso para a abordagem da Sociologia da Ciência em salas de aula. Adotamos como referencial teórico os estudos da Sociologia da Ciência de Bruno Latour. Analisamos os textos “Como explicar um coração tão divido” e “Correr faz bem” da referida revista por meio da metodologia de Análise Textual Discursiva. Em seguida, utilizamos tais textos em uma atividade didática aplicada em uma turma de primeiro ano ensino médio. Nessa atividade, os alunos produziram histórias em quadrinhos (HQ) baseadas na leitura dos textos. Duas HQ produzidas pelos alunos foram analisadas por meio da metodologia de Análise Semiótica de Imagens. Os TDC analisados evidenciaram diversos aspectos da prática da ciência e do trabalho do cientista, tais como o trabalho coletivo na ciência, a importância das publicações, a persuasão na ciência, o papel dos inscritores, a importância dos títulos e experiências do pesquisador etc. Nas HQ analisadas, verificamos que vários aspectos dessa natureza foram colocados em destaque pelos alunos. A análise dos dados indica que os textos da revista Pesquisa FAPESP podem auxiliar os estudantes na compreensão da prática da ciência

Uma visita inesperada: relato de experiência das professoras de educação infantil

This paper presents an experience report on learning contexts carried out by four teachers and a coordinator of Early Childhood Education of a Municipal Network School, here called Ray of Light, located in the city of Guanambi-Ba-Brasil, during the first semester of 2022. It aims to explore the learning contexts brought and raised in early childhood education classes from the visit of a sparrow cub during the playground in the school yard. We experience moments of many learning and knowledge from the questions and hypotheses made and raised by the children. To answer these questions, several experiences were provided, among them: walks in the neighboring square of the school and in a studio, videos, appreciation of works of art, making birds with scraps, drawings and paintings. All photographs presented in this report were taken and released after the consentient of those involved or their responsibilities.Este trabalho apresenta um relato de experiência sobre contextos de aprendizagens realizados por quatro professoras e uma coordenadora da Educação Infantil de uma Escola da Rede Municipal, aqui denominada Raio de Luz, situada na cidade de Guanambi-Ba-Brasil, durante o primeiro semestre do ano de 2022. Tem o objetivo de explorar os contextos de aprendizagens trazidos e criados nas turmas de Educação Infantil a partir da visita de um filhote de pardal durante o recreio no pátio da escola. Vivenciamos momentos de muitas aprendizagens e conhecimento a partir dos questionamentos e hipóteses feitos e levantados pelas crianças. Para responder esses questionamentos, várias vivências foram proporcionadas, dentre elas: passeios na praça vizinha da escola e em um  ateliê, vídeos, apreciação de obras de artes, confecção de pássaros com sucatas, desenhos e pinturas. Todas as fotografias apresentadas neste relato foram tiradas e divulgadas após o consentimento dos envolvidos ou seus responsáveis

Nanoencapsulation of quercetin into bio-based nanostructures obtained from assembling of α-lactalbumin and lysozyme

Nanotechnology possesses an intrinsic potential to produce new food ingredients and innovative products, with considerable benefits to human health. This can be attained via development of innovative structures for application in functional foods. In recent years, consumption of foods providing health benefits has risen chiefly as a result of significant investments from the food industry and widening consumer awareness in this field. Polyphenols constitute one such functional ingredient: it entails a large group of plant metabolites with a large spectrum of recognized biological activities in humans. Quercetin is, in particular, one of the most representative compounds of the flavonoid family; it has been assigned a wide range of health benefits, including anti-inflammatory agent, cancer prevention, DNA protection agent, antioxidant and cardio-protective agent. However, its bioavailability is low, so limited biological effects may be noticed arising from its poor solubility, gastrointestinal instability and low uptake rate through the gastrointestinal tract. A possible solution to overcome such limitations is nanoencapsulation of quercetin. Therefore, our study was aimed at encapsulating quercetin into bio-based nanostructures obtained from assembling of α-lactalbumin (α-La) and lysozyme (Lys), as promoted by heating at 75 oC for 15 min, at pH 11; evaluation of their association efficiency was performed. Such nanostructures were prepared via solubilization of 2 mg mL-1 of Lys and α-La powders in water, at a molar ratio of 1:0.54, and were extensively characterized by dynamic light scattering (for particle size, polydispersity and zeta potential) and transmission electron microscopy (for microstructure and morphology). Quercetin has been successfully encapsulated into protein nanostructures above 50% efficiency. These nanostructures exhibited spherical morphology, with average size below 100 nm and zeta potential around -35 mV. Our results suggest that quercetin encapsulated in such proteinaceous nanostructures may be used for manufacture of functional foods

REVISÃO: TÉCNICAS USADAS NO PROCESSO DE PURIFICAÇÃO DE BIOMOLÉCULAS

A presente revisão da literatura teve por objetivo mostrar as diferentes técnicas que podem ser empregadas no processo de purificação de biomoléculas. Além da seleção e combinação de técnicas de separação para o desenvolvimento da estratégia de purificação foram abordadas a precipitação, a centrifugação, a tecnologia de membranas (osmose reversa, ultrafiltração, diálise e microfiltração), a extração líquido-líquido usando sistemas aquosos bifásicos, as técnicas cromatográficas (troca iônica, interação hidrofóbica, fase reversa, exclusão molecular, leito expandido), as separações biosseletivas (cromatografia por afinidade, precipitação por afinidade, partição de proteínas por afinidade em sistemas aquosos bifásicos) e novas técnicas de separação (leito móvel simulado, micelas reversas e cromatografia em contracorrente). Verificou-se que as técnicas cromatográficas estão presentes em todos os processos de purificação de biomoléculas, embora ainda existam restrições técnicas e econômicas na aplicação de alguns tipos de cromatografia em escala preparativa. REVIEW: TECHNIQUES UTILIZED IN BIOMOLECULES PURIFICATION PROCESS Abstract The present literature review had as objective to show the different techniques that may be employed in biomolecules purification process. Besides selection and combination of separation techniques for the development of a purification strategy, precipitation, centrifugation, membrane technology (reverse osmose, ultrafiltration, dialysis and microfiltration), liquid-liquid extraction employing two phase aqueous systems, chromatography techniques (ion exchange, hidrophobic interactions, reverse phase, molecular exclusion, expanded bed), bio-selective separations (affinity chromatography, affinity precipitation, protein partition by affinity in two-phase aqueous system) and new separation techniques (simulated moving bed, reverse micelles, counter-current chromatography) was abborded. It was verified that chromatographic techniques are present in all biomolecules purification processes, although there are technical and economical restrictions in the application of some types of chromatography in preparative scale

Design of nanostructures, obtained from assembling of α-lactalbumin and lysozyme upon heat treatment and selective environmental conditions

Protein assembly into supramolecular structures (e.g. aggregates, fibrils and nanotubes) is a widespread phenomenon in biological sciences. Nowadays, it is well documented that the amphiphilic properties of proteins is a driving force to their self-assembling into innovative micro- and nanostructures of high interest in the food and pharmaceutical fields. Formation of such structures is strongly dependent on physicochemical conditions and protein conformation. In this study, bio-based nanostructures were produced from assembly of hen egg white lysozyme (Lys) and bovine α-lactalbumin (α-La) – i.e. two homologous globular proteins with opposite charge), under various processing conditions: heating treatment (55 °C and 75 °C), holding time (25 and 35 min) and pH (3 and 11). The nano-scale structures prepared by solubilization of 2 mg mL-1 of Lys and α-La powders in water, at a molar ratio of 1:0.54, were characterized via dynamic light scattering (in terms of particle size, polydispersity and zeta potential), and further analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Smaller sized particles (75 nm) and low podydispersity values (0.24) were produced at pH 11 after heating at 75 °C for 25 min, whereas at pH 3 (and similar conditions) the average mean particle size was ca. 402 nm with polydispersity of 0.45. The nanostructure stability was also assessed; higher stability was obtained at pH 11 than 3, with zeta potentials of -35 and +27 mV, respectively, by 60 d. The nanostructure entities prepared at pH 11 were shown by TEM to possess a well defined spherical shape. Protein assembly mechanisms and intermolecular interactions involved appear to be controlled by the environmental conditions applied; therefore, an understanding of the quantitative effects of these conditions are crucial for rational design of new protein assemblies with tailor-made functionalities

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in basic and translational breast cancer research

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of a growing spectrum of cancers are rapidly supplanting long-established traditional cell lines as preferred models for conducting basic and translational preclinical research. In breast cancer, to complement the now curated collection of approximately 45 long-established human breast cancer cell lines, a newly formed consortium of academic laboratories, currently from Europe, Australia, and North America, herein summarizes data on over 500 stably transplantable PDX models representing all three clinical subtypes of breast cancer (ER+, HER2+, and "Triple-negative" (TNBC)). Many of these models are well-characterized with respect to genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic features, metastatic behavior, and treatment response to a variety of standard-of-care and experimental therapeutics. These stably transplantable PDX lines are generally available for dissemination to laboratories conducting translational research, and contact information for each collection is provided. This review summarizes current experiences related to PDX generation across participating groups, efforts to develop data standards for annotation and dissemination of patient clinical information that does not compromise patient privacy, efforts to develop complementary data standards for annotation of PDX characteristics and biology, and progress toward "credentialing" of PDX models as surrogates to represent individual patients for use in preclinical and co-clinical translational research. In addition, this review highlights important unresolved questions, as well as current limitations, that have hampered more efficient generation of PDX lines and more rapid adoption of PDX use in translational breast cancer research

Modelling of the effect of ELMs on fuel retention at the bulk W divertor of JET

Effect of ELMs on fuel retention at the bulk W target of JET ITER-Like Wall was studied with multi-scale calculations. Plasma input parameters were taken from ELMy H-mode plasma experiment. The energetic intra-ELM fuel particles get implanted and create near-surface defects up to depths of few tens of nm, which act as the main fuel trapping sites during ELMs. Clustering of implantation-induced vacancies were found to take place. The incoming flux of inter-ELM plasma particles increases the different filling levels of trapped fuel in defects. The temperature increase of the W target during the pulse increases the fuel detrapping rate. The inter-ELM fuel particle flux refills the partially emptied trapping sites and fills new sites. This leads to a competing effect on the retention and release rates of the implanted particles. At high temperatures the main retention appeared in larger vacancy clusters due to increased clustering rate

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio