Uma nova proposta para o controle de intercâmbio entre áreas

This paper describes a new methodology to evaluate the area interchange control (AIC) in a power flow problem using the Newton-Raphson method. In this methodology, the equations of the AIC are incorporated into the system of equations of the power flow problem, where the new state variables are the active power generation increments at the AIC regulating buses. Thus an augmented system of equations, which is linearized and solved at each iteration, is obtained. In addition, a new approach for the representation of multiple AIC regulating buses at a given area is also presented. The proposed method has been tested and compared with existing methods in the literature using both small and large scale power systems. The results presented validate the proposed technique.Este trabalho descreve uma nova metodologia para o controle de intercâmbio entre áreas (CIA) em um problema de fluxo de potência utilizando o método de Newton-Raphson. Nesta metodologia, as equações do CIA são incorporadas ao sistema de equações do problema tradicional de fluxo de potência, onde as novas variáveis de estado são os incrementos de geração de potência ativa das barras de folga. Obtém-se assim, um sistema aumentado de equações que é linearizado e resolvido a cada iteração. Adicionalmente, uma proposta para a representação de múltiplas barras de folga em uma mesma área é também apresentada. A metodologia proposta foi testada e comparada com outros métodos existentes na literatura usando-se sistemas de pequeno e grande porte. Os resultados apresentados validam a metodologia proposta

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Measurement of the top quark mass using charged particles in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

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