Design based entrepreneurship: the transition from designer to entrepreneur

The inspiration for this research came from anecdotal evidence of the important relationships between design, entrepreneurship and innovation. In particular how designers could transfer their skills into the entrepreneurial settings. In earlier studies, the connection between the designer’s logic and the entrepreneur’s logic have been established. In general, both profiles present a tendency to work experimentally, focusing on the effects of their actions rather than over-analysing the information available. In the early stages of product development and new venture creation, creativity represents a significant component of business success, yet, there is the need to change from striving for the ideal to realizing and implementing what is practicable. The implementation stage enticed the researcher to understand why there were very few testimonies of designers setting up consumer product companies. Anecdotal accounts available in the literature tend to tell ‘the success story’ of the journey without attempting to understand the underlying thinking patterns of the central characters. The researcher decided to come to Northumbria University, drawing upon its ranking of graduate business start-ups and the reputation and experience in both its Design and Business Schools. This study explores the experiences and capabilities of Designer Entrepreneurs i.e. designers who have taken a founding role in a start-up organisation. It focuses on entrepreneurs bringing new consumer-products to market where they must manage the tensions between authoring the best possible new product, with the urgency and pragmatics of getting to market at the right moment. The entrepreneurial process refers to the set of steps and decisions designers took to make their ideas reach the market. During this exploration, a significant finding on the entrepreneurial process emerged from the data: The intertwined influences of: new product development and new venture creation along with the designer´s transition (integrated by the designer´s mindset evolution and the sense of authorship). The sense of authorship contributes to the coherence between personal believes and desires and the final execution of the product/company. On the other hand, the designer´s mindset refers to the evolution of the mentality experienced by designers when move their expert area outwards. There are no studies concentrated on the transition experienced by designers when they set out on the entrepreneurial journey which is key to understand the entrepreneurial process. This study contributes a greater understanding of the relationships and sometimes tensions between new product development, new venture creation and the designer´s transition during the entrepreneurial journey. Also, this research synthetized a Design Entrepreneurship for Consumer Product Innovation Typology to help understand design entrepreneurship using a set of principles and tools taken from other theories from relevant Design and Business disciplines. The study also describes the entrepreneurial ecosystem to prepare the ground for the research. The entrepreneurial ecosystem refers to companies, technologies, and platforms that interact with the entrepreneurs and have an impact on the product/start-up. The study considered the testimony of more than 50 individuals, active within the design entrepreneurial ecosystem, including the Designer Entrepreneurs themselves. The research was carried out following a constructivist grounded theory approach, utilising a series of creative tasks and interview questions developed for this study. Each interaction with members of the ecosystem honed the researcher´s understanding of the research problem. The key audiences for this research are design academics and designers at the outset of the entrepreneurial journey. From the academic side, academics can stimulate the entrepreneurial activity of design schools by understanding how successful Designer Entrepreneurs have taken a concept and convert it into a viable business. For the design and business incubators audience, this study helps to identify the benefits designers bring to the table, and how their intrinsic authorship, mentality, and practice-based approach facilitate the creation of meaningful products, as well as the start-up adaptation to uncertain environments

Theoretical characterization of several models of nanoporous carbon

"Elastic, electronic and vibrational properties of seven models of nanoporous carbon are reported. The studied structures are periodic graphitic arrangements with heptagonal and octagonal rings of carbon, known as Schwarzites. The calculations were performed within a non-orthogonal tight binding framework which has been shown to be reliable for diamond, graphene layers, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. In contrast with previous studies, each structure was properly relaxed, so that differences between each model must be assigned to intrinsic properties rather than to differences in their construction. Thermodynamic properties were calculated from the vibrational density of states.

Bebida fermentada de suero de queso fresco inoculada con lactobacillus casei.

Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo desarrollar una bebida fermentada de suero de queso fresco inoculada con Lactobacillus casei, a la cual se le evaluó la viabilidad del microorganismo, utilizando medios de cultivo selectivos, bajo condiciones anaeróbicas y, luego, se procedió a verificar su resistencia a los ácidos gástricos y sales biliares, simulando así, las condiciones del tracto gastrointestinal de los humanos. Para verificar la supervivencia durante el período de almacenamiento (21 días), la cepa, se caracterizó morfológica y bioquímicamente. Adicionalmente, se llevó a cabo la prueba de aceptabilidad, evaluando la bebida con 80 jueces. Se realizaron análisis físico-químicos, microbiológicos y sensoriales, a la materia prima y al producto elaborado, acorde a las normas vigentes en Colombia. La bebida fue saborizada con pulpa de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis). Se obtuvieron recuentos de viabilidad a pH 2,0, en agar MRS de 5,38•107ufc•g-1 y 1,3•106ufc•g-1 y en agar M17 de 6,96•107ufc•g- 1 y de 1,16•106ufc•g-1, en los días 1 y 21, respectivamente. A pH 7,0, en agar MRS, se registraron valores de 3,37 •107ufc•g-1 y 1.56 •106ufc•g-1 y en agar M17 de 8,85•107ufc•g-1 y de 1,82•106ufc•g-1, en los días 1 y 21, respectivamente. La bebida desarrollada, tuvo una aceptación de “me gusta”, y presentó una vida de anaquel de hasta 21 días

Simulador de reparación de aneurismas cerebrales para entrenamiento médico

The development of simulation systems for surgical procedures has become a topic of research in several areas such as computer engineering, robotics and medicine in recent years, mainly because these systems suppose a novel alternative for the acquisition of medical skills, planning, guidance and post-operative control; while represent significant challenges in terms of their design, implementation and validation. This paper presents the experiences and methodologies applied to the development of computerized simulators for virtual training in the Research and Technological Development Unit (UIDT) in the General Hospital of Mexico (HGM) "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga" from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). As a case of study, we can exemplify the development of a virtual reality simulator for the repair of cerebral aneurysms, which has involved research in methods for computer simulation, visualization, tactile sensations and human-computer interactionEl desarrollo de sistemas de simulación de procedimientos quirúrgicos se ha convertido desde hace algunos años en un tema de investigación para diversas áreas que incluyen a la computación, la robótica y la medicina, pues suponen una alternativa novedosa para la adquisición de habilidades médicas, planeación, guía y control postoperatorio; al mismo tiempo que representan retos significativos en términos de su diseño, implementación y validación. En este trabajo se presentan las experiencias y metodologías aplicadas al desarrollo de simuladores computarizados para entrenamiento virtual en la Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (UIDT) en el Hospital General de México (HGM) “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Como caso de estudio, se ejemplifica el desarrollo de un simulador para la reparación de aneurismas cerebrales, el cual ha involucrado la investigación en métodos de simulación computacional, visualización, sensaciones táctiles e interacción humano-computadora

COYUNTURA ECONÓMICA, año 2, núm. 3, mayo-agosto 2020

La crisis económica que atravesamos actualmente ha causado la caída más fuerte de la economía a escala mundial de la que se tiene registro, debido a las restricciones a la movilidad y actividades productivas dentro de los diferentes países, que llevó a la caída de ingresos y también a la paralización de las cadenas de producción internacional. Según datos de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), la economía de sus países socios cayó en promedio en (–) 11.7% del producto interno bruto (PIB) en los dos primeros trimestres, cifra cercana a la de los países de Norteamérica (T-MEC), donde fue de (–) 11.4% y menor que en la Eurozona, donde descendió (–) 14.9% . Se observa que, en el segundo trimestre de 2020, el PIB de México registró una caída de 18.9% respecto al mismo periodo de 2019 a causa tanto de la paralización de la economía debido al confinamiento para evitar la propagación de la enfermedad como de la caída de la cadena de demanda de parte de nuestros principales socios comerciales, Estados Unidos y China. El análisis de la baja por sectores muestra que la más fuerte se dio en las actividades secundarias (industria de la transformación), con un retroceso de 26.0%, seguida de los sectores terciarios (servicios y comercio) y primario (agricultura, panadería, pesca), con caídas de 15.6 y 0.7% respectivamente, todas medidas a tasa anual. Esta caída está por debajo de las de los países europeos, entre los que España y Reino Unido cayeron más de 20.0%, pero es la más alta en Améric

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass