372 research outputs found
Aspects of tidal stream turbine modelling in the natural environment using a coupled BEMâCFD model
Corrigendum to "Complex Systems and International Governance"
This collection of essays brings together scholars from various disciplinary backgrounds, based on three continents, with different theoretical and methodological interests but all active on the topic of complex systems as applied to international relations. They investigate how complex systems have been and can be applied in practice and what differences it makes for the study of international affairs. Two important threads link all the contributions: (i) To which extent is this approach promising to understand global governance dynamics? (ii) How can this be implemented in practice
Near-IR search for lensed supernovae behind galaxy clusters: I. Observations and transient detection efficiency
Massive galaxy clusters at intermediate redshift can magnify the flux of
distant background sources by several magnitudes and we exploit this effect to
search for lensed distant supernovae that may otherwise be too faint to be
detected. A supernova search was conducted at near infrared wavelengths using
the ISAAC instrument at the VLT. The galaxy clusters Abell 1689, Abell 1835 and
AC114 were observed at multiple epochs of 2 hours of exposure time, separated
by a month. Image-subtraction techniques were used to search for transient
objects with light curve properties consistent with supernovae, both in our new
and archival ISAAC/VLT data. The limiting magnitude of the individual epochs
was estimated by adding artificial stars to the subtracted images. Most of the
epochs reach 90% detection efficiency at SZ(J) ~= 23.8-24.0 mag (Vega). Two
transient objects, both in archival images of Abell 1689 and AC114, were
detected. The transient in AC114 coincides - within the position uncertainty -
with an X-ray source and is likely to be a variable AGN at the cluster
redshift. The transient in Abell 1689 was found at SZ=23.24 mag, ~0.5 arcsec
away from a galaxy with photometric redshift z=0.6 +/-0.15. The light curves
and the colors of the transient are consistent with a reddened Type IIP
supernova at redshift z=0.59 +/- 0.05. The lensing model of Abell 1689 predicts
~1.4 mag of magnification at the position of the transient, making it the most
magnified supernova ever found and only the second supernova found behind a
galaxy cluster. Our pilot survey has demonstrated the feasibility to find
distant gravitationally magnified supernovae behind massive galaxy clusters.
One likely supernova was found behind Abell 1689, in accordance with the
expectations for this survey, as shown in an accompanying analysis paper.Comment: Language-edited version, 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted by A&
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The rise of the âyummy mummyâ: popular conservatism and the neoliberal maternal in contemporary British culture
This article analyses the emergence of the new social type of the âyummy mummyâ by examining the constellation of narratives circulating through and around it in British culture. It contends that, whilst it has some notable precursors, the idea of the yummy mummy marks a fairly substantial cultural shift given the weight of the western Christian tradition that has overwhelmingly positioned the mother as asexual. Coming into being in part through an increasing social divide between rich and poor, this stock type most often serves to augment a white, thirtysomething position of privilege, shoring up its boundaries against the other side of the social divide (so-called âpramfacesâ). At the same time it is part of a wider fetishisation of the maternal that coexists with profoundly gendered inequalities in relation to childcare in particular. Drawing from a range of sources, and in particular autobiographical celebrity guidebooks and âhenlitâ novels, the article argues that the figure of the yummy mummy functions to elide such social contexts, instead espousing a girlish, high-consuming maternal ideal as a site of hyperindividualised psychological âmaturityâ. âSuccessfulâ maternal femininity in this context is often articulated by rejecting âenvironmentally-consciousâ behaviour and in attempting to render what are presented as excessive eco-delusions both abject and transparent. This tendency, the article argues, is indicative of the conservative nature of the phenomenon, which is forced to belittle and disavow wider structures of social, political and ecological dependency in order for its conservative fantasy of autonomous, individualising retreatism to be maintained
Adolescent Male Attitudes About Singing in Choir
The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influence adolescent males to enroll in school choir as an elective class and to assess their attitudes about singing in general, self-concept of their own voices, and perception of othersâ view of adolescent malesâ participation in choir. Data were obtained from 101 adolescent males who were enrolled in choir at one of six participating schools, and were in Grade 7 or Grade 8. Data analysis showed that most participants enrolled in choir because they thought it was fun and/or they were good singers. Results also indicated that peer pressure factored less than the enjoyment of singing in influencing their decision to enroll in choir. Other results suggested that the participants perceived support from their families, principals, and nonmusic teachers in their decision to take choir and that they perceived slightly less support from coaches at their school. The study indicates a need for future research of adolescent males who have chosen not to participate in choir and their attitudes about choir participation. Future research studying the attitudes of adolescent males from other regions and their attitudes about choir participation is also recommended.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline
Reactivity and reactions to regulatory transparency in medicine, psychotherapy and counselling
The OMERACT core domain set for outcome measures for clinical trials in polymyalgia rheumatica
Objective. To inform development of a core domain set for outcome measures for clinical trials in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), we conducted patient consultations, a systematic review, a Delphi study, and 2 qualitative studies.
Methods. Domains identified by 70% or more of physicians and/or patients in the Delphi study were selected. The conceptual framework derived from the 2 qualitative research studies helped inform the meaning of each domain and its relationship to the others. The draft core domain set was refined by further discussion with patients and physicians who had participated in the Delphi study. At the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 2016, the domains were discussed and prioritized by 8 breakout groups. Formal voting took place at the end of the workshop and in the final plenary.
Results. Ninety-three percent of voters in the final plenary agreed that the inner core of domains considered mandatory for clinical trials of PMR should consist the following: laboratory markers of systemic inflammation, pain, stiffness, and physical function. Patientâs global and fatigue were considered important but not mandatory (outer core). The research agenda included psychological impact, weakness, physical activity, participation, sleep, imaging, and health-related quality of life.
Conclusion. This core domain set was considered sufficiently well-defined that the next step will be to apply the OMERACT Filter 2.0 Instrument Selection Algorithm to select candidate instruments for a subsequent âdeeper diveâ into the data. This will allow instruments to be mapped onto each of our core domains to derive a core outcome set for PMR
A critical review of the evidence for nurses as information providers to cancer patients
To review evidence on the role of oncology nurses in the provision of information to cancer patients and to delineate evidence-based implications for clinical practice and research.Provision of information is central for the empowerment of patients to participate in their care. There is not enough evidence regarding the nursing role in the information delivery process in cancer patients.Descriptive literature review.From January 1990â2008, databases searched included Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, CancerLit and the Cochrane Library. Original research articles addressing the role of nurses in information delivery were included. We explored evidence on: (1) the effectiveness of nurses as information providers, (2) the way patients evaluate nursesâ input to information delivery, (3) the extent to which nurses contribute to information delivery to cancer patients and (4) the types of information provided by nurses.The most important findings were: (1) nursesâ role as information providers for cancer patients is prominent, especially after the initiation of treatment, (2) specialist nurses are very effective in providing information, (3) no clear evidence exists on how nurses compare with other health-care professionals as information providers and (4) some evidence exists that patients may prefer nurses as information providers at specific times in their treatment and especially in regards to symptom management.Well-designed studies provide some evidence that nurses are effective as information providers to cancer patients. Specifically, oncology nurses are able to provide information of both high quality and of appropriate quantity and to assist individuals to interpret information provided by others.Oncology nurses should be specifically educated and prepared to offer explicit, practical and timely information and they should be trained in interpersonal communication skills, which will increase their ability to comprehend patient information needs.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/79127/1/j.1365-2702.2009.02954.x.pd
The Bacterial Species Campylobacter jejuni Induce Diverse Innate Immune Responses in Human and Avian Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Campylobacter remain the major cause of human gastroenteritis in the Developed World causing a significant burden to health services. Campylobacter are pathogens in humans and chickens, although differences in mechanistic understanding are incomplete, in part because phenotypic strain diversity creates inconsistent findings. Here, we took Campylobacter jejuni isolates (n = 100) from multi-locus sequence typed collections to assess their pathogenic diversity, through their inflammatory, cytotoxicity, adhesion, invasion and signaling responses in a high-throughput model using avian and human intestinal epithelial cells. C. jejuni induced IL-8 and CXCLi1/2 in human and avian epithelial cells, respectively, in a MAP kinase-dependent manner. In contrast, IL-10 responses in both cell types were PI 3-kinase/Akt-dependent. C. jejuni strains showed diverse levels of invasion with high invasion dependent on MAP kinase signaling in both cell lines. C. jejuni induced diverse cytotoxic responses in both cell lines with cdt-positive isolates showing significantly higher toxicity. Blockade of endocytic pathways suggested that invasion by C. jejuni was clathrin- and dynamin-dependent but caveolae- independent in both cells. In contrast, IL-8 (and CXCLi1/2) production was dependent on clathrin, dynamin, and caveolae. This study is important because of its scale, and the data produced, suggesting that avian and human epithelial cells use similar innate immune pathways where the magnitude of the response is determined by the phenotypic diversity of the Campylobacter species
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