A Synthesis of Coping Experiences After Infant Death

The purpose of this article was to synthesize qualitative research data that examine parental coping strategies following infant death. This qualitative synthesis found that parents who effectively cope with the death of their infant would continue the bond with the deceased child, have differences in the way they manage their emotions about the loss, and have intergenerational support in the form of family being present, acknowledging the death, performing immediate tasks, and providing helpful information. Nurses should be vigilant to ensure parents receive “memories” of their infant after an in-hospital death. Knowledge of the coping process can assist nurses and clinicians to better care and support parents following an infant death and, in turn, facilitate the healing process

Globally, What Affects Primary Caregivers’ Grieving Processes Leading To Subsequent Effective And Ineffective Coping Strategies Following An Infant Mortality.

poster abstractWorldwide in 2013, 4.6 million infant deaths occurred within the first year of life and accounted for 74% of all deaths under the age of 5 years old. As a result of these infant death events, there are varied zcaregiver grief responses and coping strategies. The purpose of this study was to meta-synthesize what factors affect primary caregiver grieving processes and then analyze their effective and ineffective coping strategies. After a rigorous multi-database search, we accessed 9 articles worldwide from years 1995-2013 for inclusion. These 9 papers were assessed for credibility by a primary and secondary reviewer via standardized critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data extraction and metaaggregation of the findings was carried out to determine intergenerational coping strategies and grieving process after an infant death. Eight peer reviewed articles were included in the aggregation. The data extracted included specific details about intergenerational support, interrelationship support, and lasting emotional impressions following an infant death. We identified that the influence of living children and parents of the primary caregivers are significant sources of intergenerational support. Conversely there is a lack of support between primary caregivers leading to incomplete coping and grieving processes within the relationship. Furthermore, lasting emotional impressions were acknowledged as a recurrent theme among individuals affected by the loss of an infant. Nursing interventions and education should be identified that address caregiver and family member grieving processes and coping strategies such as follow up emotional coping assessments at regular intervals for those at risk for poor coping. Nurses have the ability to play a vital role in improving the family and caregiver outcomes including positive coping strategies and healthy grieving processes following infant mortality

Flower power: testing social media advertising strategies for floral products

Social media and the internet have impacted how companies and organizations advertise to consumers. Digital advertising has created the opportunity to engage with consumers, target specific groups, and capture metrics of use to help build effective advertising strategies. The floral industry is a large sector within the agricultural arena, which is primed to engage with young consumers. This research examined the effectiveness of utilizing static and animated social media advertisements to increase consumers’ intention to purchase floral products. Using an online survey and an experimental design, this study examined 8,488 respondents’ intention to purchase floral products after viewing static and animated social media advertisements. This study identified respondents’ attitudes, social norms, age, and internet use to be significant predictors in their intent to purchase floral products. Recommendations from a theoretical and applied perspective are discussed within relation to the study’s findings to advance strategic advertising in the floral industry

Predictors of orbital convergence in primates: A test of the snake detection hypothesis of primate evolution

Traditional explanations for the evolution of high orbital convergence and stereoscopic vision in primates have focused on how stereopsis might have aided early primates in foraging or locomoting in an arboreal environment. It has recently been suggested that predation risk by constricting snakes was the selective force that favored the evolution of orbital convergence in early primates, and that later exposure to venomous snakes favored further degrees of convergence in anthropoid primates. Our study tests this snake detection hypothesis (SDH) by examining whether orbital convergence among extant primates is indeed associated with the shared evolutionary history with snakes or the risk that snakes pose for a given species. We predicted that orbital convergence would be higher in species that: 1) have a longer history of sympatry with venomous snakes, 2) are likely to encounter snakes more frequently, 3) are less able to detect or deter snakes due to group size effects, and 4) are more likely to be preyed upon by snakes. Results based on phylogenetically independent contrasts do not support the SDH. Orbital convergence shows no relationship to the shared history with venomous snakes, likelihood of encountering snakes, or group size. Moreover, those species less likely to be targeted as prey by snakes show significantly higher values of orbital convergence. Although an improved ability to detect camouflaged snakes, along with other cryptic stimuli, is likely a consequence of increased orbital convergence, this was unlikely to have been the primary selective force favoring the evolution of stereoscopic vision in primates

The Biological Response to Nanometre-sized Polymer Particles

Recently, nanometre-sized UHMWPE particles generated from hip and knee replacements have been identified in vitro and in vivo. UHMWPE particles in the 0.1-1.0 µm size range have been shown to be more biologically active than larger particles, provoking an inflammatory response implicated in late aseptic loosening of total joint replacements. The biological activity of nanometre-sized particles has not previously been studied. The biological response to clinically-relevant UHMWPE wear particles including nanometre-sized and micrometre-sized, along with polystyrene particles (FluoSpheres 20 nm, 60 nm, 200 nm and 1.0 µm), and nanometre-sized model polyethylene particles (Ceridust 3615®), was determined in terms of osteolytic cytokine release from primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC’s). Nanometre-sized UHMWPE wear particles, nanometre-sized Ceridust 3615® and 20 nm FluoSpheres had no significant effect on TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 release from PBMNC’s at a concentration of 100 μm3 particles per cell after 12 and 24 hours. The micrometre-size UHMWPE wear particles (0.1-1.0 μm) and 60 nm, 200 nm and 1.0 µm FluoSpheres caused significantly elevated osteolytic cytokine release from PBMNC’s. These results indicated that particles below circa 50 nm fail to activate PBMNC’s and that particle size, composition and morphology played a crucial role in cytokine release by particle stimulated macrophages

EIFiso4G augments the synthesis of specific plant proteins involved in normal chloroplast function

Copyright © 2019 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. The plant-specific translation initiation complex eIFiso4F is encoded by three genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)-genes encoding the cap binding protein eIFiso4E (eifiso4e) and two isoforms of the large subunit scaffolding protein eIFiso4G (i4g1 and i4g2). To quantitate phenotypic changes, a phenomics platform was used to grow wild-type and mutant plants (i4g1, i4g2, i4e, i4g1 × i4g2, and i4g1 × i4g2 × i4e [i4f]) under various light conditions. Mutants lacking both eIFiso4G isoforms showed the most obvious phenotypic differences from the wild type. Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to identify changes in protein levels in plants lacking eIFiso4G. Four of the proteins identified as measurably decreased and validated by immunoblot analysis were two light harvesting complex binding proteins 1 and 3, Rubisco activase, and carbonic anhydrase. The observed decreased levels for these proteins were not the direct result of decreased transcription or protein instability. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction experiments indicated altered quinone reduction kinetics for the double and triple mutant plants with significant differences observed for absorbance, trapping, and electron transport. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the chloroplasts in mutant plants showed impaired grana stacking and increased accumulation of starch granules consistent with some chloroplast proteins being decreased. Rescue of the i4g1 × i4g2 plant growth phenotype and increased expression of the validated proteins to wild-type levels was obtained by overexpression of eIFiso4G1. These data suggest a direct and specialized role for eIFiso4G in the synthesis of a subset of plant proteins

Ancient Latin American objects in the archive: selections from the George and Louise Patten collection of Salem Hyde cultural artifacts at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga

https://scholar.utc.edu/exhibition-records/1004/thumbnail.jp

Migration of wear debris of polyethylene depends on bone microarchitecture

The mechanism of hip arthroplasties loosening is related to the migration of wear debris throughout the implant environment. In vivo, polyethylene particles (PE) were shown to infiltrate the bone implant interface and the medullary spaces of the cancellous bone. Our test hypothesis was that polyethylene particle migration is correlated to bone porosity. Bone samples with a high or low trabecular volume and microarchitecture were harvested in 20 calves and 20 human cadavers. They were extensively washed to remove marrow cells. Bone cylinders were filled with a light-curing monomer having the same viscosity as bone marrow. PE particles (7 and 33 μm) were deposited at the surface of the polymer. The bone cylinders were agitated during 7 days on an orbital shaker and the gel was left to polymerize at day light. X-ray microtomography was performed to characterize bone volume and microarchitecture. Cylinders were sectioned and observed under polarized light. The migration distance and rate were determined. Migration of PE particles strongly depended on trabecular bone volume and microarchitecture. We found a linear relationship (r = 0.61) between speed migration and bone volume and an exponential relationship between speed migration and bone architecture. The present in vitro model confirmed our hypothesis about the key role of bone microarchitecture in the migration of large PE wear particles. This is an explanation for the development of inflammatory reaction at distance from a prosthesis although our study did not include submicron particles