Arbeitsklassifizierung - ein Verfahren der Anforderungsermittlung (Arbeitsbewertung) in Betrieben der DDR

"In diesem Beitrag wird die Entwicklung der Arbeitsklassifizierung als verbindliche Methode der Anforderungsbewertung und Eingruppierung für Arbeitsaufgaben in Industrie und Bauwesen sowie in weiteren materiellen Bereichen der DDR dargelegt. Im Zusammenhang mit der Erläuterung der Zielstellung und Grundkonzeption der Arbeitsklassifizierung erfolgt eine vergleichende Einschätzung zu Verfahren der Anforderungsbewertung in der BRD, um Gemeinsamkeiten bzw. Unterschiede deutlich zu machen. Den Schwerpunkt des Beitrag bilden Ausführungen zu den in der Praxis genutzten methodischen Unterlagen für die Anforderungsermittlung und -bewertung, zu den dabei gesammelten Erfahrungen und aufgetretenen Problemen sowie zu Vorstellungen über die weitere Entwicklung der Arbeitsklassifizierung. Der Artikel soll auch als Diskussionsbeitrag zur Gestaltung künftiger Systeme der Anforderungsbewertung mit verstanden werden." (Autorenreferat

Development and evaluation of a patient education programme for children, adolescents, and young adults with differences of sex development (DSD) and their parents: study protocol of Empower-DSD

Background: Differences in sexual development (DSD) are rare diseases, which affect the chromosomal, anatomical or gonadal sex differentiation. Although patient education is recommended as essential in a holistic care approach, standardised programmes are still lacking. The present protocol describes the aims, study design and methods of the Empower-DSD project, which developed an age-adapted multidisciplinary education programme to improve the diagnosis-specific knowledge, skills and empowerment of patients and their parents. Methods: The new patient education programme was developed for children, adolescents and young adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome or XX-/or XY-DSD and their parents. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods include standardised questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and participatory observation. The main outcomes (assessed three and six months after the end of the programme) are health-related quality of life, disease burden, coping, and diagnosis-specific knowledge. The qualitative evaluation examines individual expectations and perceptions of the programme. The results of the quantitative and qualitative evaluation will be triangulated. Discussion: The study Empower-DSD was designed to reduce knowledge gaps regarding the feasibility, acceptance and effects of standardised patient education programmes for children and youth with DSD and their parents. A modular structured patient education programme with four generic and three diagnosis-specific modules based on the ModuS concept previously established for other chronic diseases was developed. The topics, learning objectives and recommended teaching methods are summarised in the structured curricula, one for each diagnosis and age group. At five study centres, 56 trainers were qualified for the implementation of the training programmes. A total of 336 subjects have been already enrolled in the study. The recruitment will go on until August 2022, the last follow-up survey is scheduled for February 2023. The results will help improve multidisciplinary and integrated care for children and youth with DSD and their families. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00023096. Registered 8 October 2020 - Retrospectively registered

Environmental considerations and current status of grouping and regulation of engineered nanomaterials

This article reviews the current status of nanotechnology with emphasis on application and related environmental considerations as well as legislation. Application and analysis of nanomaterials in infrastructure (construction, building coatings, and water treatment) is discussed, and in particular nanomaterial release during the lifecycle of these applications. Moreover, possible grouping approaches with regard to ecotoxicological and toxicological properties, and the fate of nanomaterials in the environment are evaluated. In terms of potential exposure, the opportunities that arise from leveraging advances in several key areas, such as water treatment and construction are addressed. Additionally, this review describes challenges with regard to the European Commission’s definition of ‘nanomaterial’. The revised REACH information requirements, intended to enable a comprehensive risk assessment of nanomaterials, are outlined

Analytical and toxicological aspects of nanomaterials in different product groups: Challenges and opportunities

The widespread integration of engineered nanomaterials into consumer and industrial products creates new challenges and requires innovative approaches in terms of design, testing, reliability, and safety of nanotechnology. The aim of this review article is to give an overview of different product groups in which nanomaterials are present and outline their safety aspects for consumers. Here, release of nanomaterials and related analytical challenges and solutions as well as toxicological considerations, such as dose-metrics, are discussed. Additionally, the utilization of engineered nanomaterials as pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals to deliver and release cargo molecules is covered. Furthermore, critical pathways for human exposure to nanomaterials, namely inhalation and ingestion, are discussed in the context of risk assessment. Analysis of NMs in food, innovative medicine or food contact materials is discussed. Specific focus is on the presence and release of nanomaterials, including whether nanomaterials can migrate from polymer nanocomposites used in food contact materials. With regard to the toxicology and toxicokinetics of nanomaterials, aspects of dose metrics of inhalation toxicity as well as ingestion toxicology and comparison between in vitro and in vivo conclusions are considered. The definition of dose descriptors to be applied in toxicological testing is emphasized. In relation to potential exposure from different products, opportunities arising from the use of advanced analytical techniques in more unique scenarios such as release of nanomaterials from medical devices such as orthopedic implants are addressed. Alongside higher product performance and complexity, further challenges regarding material characterization and safety, as well as acceptance by the general public are expected

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Infection Using Prospective Cohort Data from the D:A:D Study

Ristola M. on työryhmien DAD Study Grp ; Royal Free Hosp Clin Cohort ; INSIGHT Study Grp ; SMART Study Grp ; ESPRIT Study Grp jäsen.Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue for HIV-positive individuals, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Development and implementation of a risk score model for CKD would allow comparison of the risks and benefits of adding potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals to a treatment regimen and would identify those at greatest risk of CKD. The aims of this study were to develop a simple, externally validated, and widely applicable long-term risk score model for CKD in HIV-positive individuals that can guide decision making in clinical practice. Methods and Findings A total of 17,954 HIV-positive individuals from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study with >= 3 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values after 1 January 2004 were included. Baseline was defined as the first eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 after 1 January 2004; individuals with exposure to tenofovir, atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, other boosted protease inhibitors before baseline were excluded. CKD was defined as confirmed (>3 mo apart) eGFR In the D:A:D study, 641 individuals developed CKD during 103,185 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; incidence 6.2/1,000 PYFU, 95% CI 5.7-6.7; median follow-up 6.1 y, range 0.3-9.1 y). Older age, intravenous drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, lower baseline eGFR, female gender, lower CD4 count nadir, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predicted CKD. The adjusted incidence rate ratios of these nine categorical variables were scaled and summed to create the risk score. The median risk score at baseline was -2 (interquartile range -4 to 2). There was a 1: 393 chance of developing CKD in the next 5 y in the low risk group (risk score = 5, 505 events), respectively. Number needed to harm (NNTH) at 5 y when starting unboosted atazanavir or lopinavir/ritonavir among those with a low risk score was 1,702 (95% CI 1,166-3,367); NNTH was 202 (95% CI 159-278) and 21 (95% CI 19-23), respectively, for those with a medium and high risk score. NNTH was 739 (95% CI 506-1462), 88 (95% CI 69-121), and 9 (95% CI 8-10) for those with a low, medium, and high risk score, respectively, starting tenofovir, atazanavir/ritonavir, or another boosted protease inhibitor. The Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort included 2,548 individuals, of whom 94 individuals developed CKD (3.7%) during 18,376 PYFU (median follow-up 7.4 y, range 0.3-12.7 y). Of 2,013 individuals included from the SMART/ESPRIT control arms, 32 individuals developed CKD (1.6%) during 8,452 PYFU (median follow-up 4.1 y, range 0.6-8.1 y). External validation showed that the risk score predicted well in these cohorts. Limitations of this study included limited data on race and no information on proteinuria. Conclusions Both traditional and HIV-related risk factors were predictive of CKD. These factors were used to develop a risk score for CKD in HIV infection, externally validated, that has direct clinical relevance for patients and clinicians to weigh the benefits of certain antiretrovirals against the risk of CKD and to identify those at greatest risk of CKD.Peer reviewe

Transformation in der Biegetechnik

Mit dem 6. Biegeforum hat der Lehrstuhl für Umformtechnik an der Universität Siegen ein neues Format geschaffen, in dem neben der Industrie nun auch den Forschenden ein eigener Schwerpunkt am Forum gegeben wird. Im vorliegenden Tagungsband sind Fachvorträge zum aktuellen Stand der Forschung sowie von Innovationen in der Umformtechnik zusammengefasst. Sie geben einen spannenden Einblick in hochaktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zum Biegen. Seit seiner erstmaligen Auflage im Jahr 2011 hat sich das Biegeforum zu dem etablierten Treffpunkt für Wissenschaft und Praxis entwickelt. Es findet fortan im zweijährigen Rhythmus statt

Environmental considerations and current status of grouping and regulation of engineered nanomaterials

This article reviews the current status of nanotechnology with emphasis on application and related environmental considerations as well as legislation. Application and analysis of nanomaterials in infrastructure (construction, building coatings, and water treatment) is discussed, and in particular nanomaterial release during the lifecycle of these applications. Moreover, possible grouping approaches with regard to ecotoxicological and toxicological properties, and the fate of nanomaterials in the environment are evaluated. In terms of potential exposure, the opportunities that arise from leveraging advances in several key areas, such as water treatment and construction are addressed. Additionally, this review describes challenges with regard to the European Commission’s definition of ‘nanomaterial’. The revised REACH information requirements, intended to enable a comprehensive risk assessment of nanomaterials, are outlined

Metrologie mit Synchrotronstrahlung, Teil II (Auszug aus: PTB-Mitteilungen 2014, Band 124, Heft 4. ISSN 0030-834X)

PTB-Mitteilungen. Band 124 (2014), Heft 4. ISSN 0030-834X1.: Scholze, Frank, Christian Laubis, Annett Barboutis, Christian Buchholz, Andreas Fischer, Jana Puls und Christian Stadelhoff: Radiometrie für die EUV-Lithographie. doi: 10.7795/310.20140401 http://dx.doi.org/10.7795/210.20140401 2.: Scholze, Frank, Anton Haase, Michael Krumrey, Victor Soltwisch und Jan Wernecke: Streuverfahren an nanostrukturierten Oberflächen. doi: 10.7795/310.20140402 http://dx.doi.org/10.7795/310.20140402 3.: Krumrey, Michael, Raul Garcia-Diez, Christian Gollwitzer und Stefanie Langner: Größenbestimmung von Nanopartikeln mit Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung. doi: 10.7795/310.20140403 http://dx.doi.org/10.7795/310.20140403 4.: Müller, Matthias, Martin Gerlach, Ina Holfelder, Philipp Hönicke, Janin Lubeck, Andreas Nutsch, Beatrix Pollakowski, Cornelia Streeck, Rainer Unterumsberger, Jan Weser und Burkhard Beckhoff: Röntgenspektrometrie mit Synchrotronstrahlung. doi: 10.7795/310.20140404 http://dx.doi.org/10.7795/210.20140404 5.: Hermann, Peter, Arne Hoehl, Andrea Hornemann, Bernd Kästner, Ralph Müller, Burkhard Beckhoff und Gerhard Ulm: Mikro- und Nano-Spektroskopie und Detektorcharakterisierung im IR- und THz-Bereich an der Metrology Light Source. doi: 10.7795/310.20140405 http://dx.doi.org/10.7795/310.20140405 6.: Kolbe, Michael, Erik Darlatt, Rolf Fliegauf, Hendrik Kaser, Alexander Gottwald und Mathias Richter: Oberflächenuntersuchungen mit Vakuum-UV-Strahlung. doi: 10.7795/310.20140406 http://dx.doi.org/10.7795/310.2014040