145 research outputs found
Antiferromagnetic 4-d O(4) Model
We study the phase diagram of the four dimensional O(4) model with first
(beta1) and second (beta2) neighbor couplings, specially in the beta2 < 0
region, where we find a line of transitions which seems to be second order. We
also compute the critical exponents on this line at the point beta1 =0 (F4
lattice) by Finite Size Scaling techniques up to a lattice size of 24, being
these exponents different from the Mean Field ones.Comment: 26 pages LaTeX2e, 7 figures. The possibility of logarithmic
corrections has been considered, new figures and tables added. Accepted for
publication in Physical Review
SPROUTY-2 represses the epithelial phenotype of colon carcinoma cells via upregulation of ZEB1 mediated by ETS1 and miR-200/miR-150
SPROUTY-2 (SPRY2) is a modulator of tyrosine kinase receptor signaling with
receptor- and cell type-dependent inhibitory or enhancing effects. Studies on the action
of SPRY2 in major cancers are conflicting and its role remains unclear. Here we have
dissected SPRY2 action in human colon cancer. Global transcriptomic analyses show
that SPRY2 downregulates genes encoding tight junction proteins such as claudin-7 and
occludin and other cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion molecules in human SW480-
ADH colon carcinoma cells. Moreover, SPRY2 represses LLGLL2/HUGL2,
PATJ1/INADL and ST14, main regulators of the polarized epithelial phenotype, and
ESRP1, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibitor. A key action of
SPRY2 is the upregulation of the major EMT inducer ZEB1, as these effects are
reversed by ZEB1 knock-down by means of RNA interference. Consistently, we found
an inverse correlation between the expression level of claudin-7 and those of SPRY2
and ZEB1 in human colon tumors. Mechanistically, ZEB1 upregulation by SPRY2
results from the combined induction of ETS1 transcription factor and the repression of
microRNAs (miR-200 family, miR-150) that target ZEB1 RNA. Moreover, SPRY2
increased AKT activation by epidermal growth factor (EGF) whereas AKT and also Src
inhibition reduced the induction of ZEB1. Altogether, these data suggest that AKT and
Src are implicated in SPRY2 action. Collectively, these results show a tumorigenic role
of SPRY2 in colon cancer that is based on the dysregulation of tight junction and
epithelial polarity master genes via upregulation of ZEB1. The dissection of the
mechanism of action of SPRY2 in colon cancer cells is important to understand the
upregulation of this gene in a subset of patients with this neoplasia that have poor
prognosis.This study was supported by the Ministerio de
Economía y Competitividad of Spain and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional
(FEDER) (grant SAF2013-43468-R to A.M., SAF2011-29530 to F.X.R.); FEDERInstituto
de Salud Carlos III (RD12/0036/0021 to A.M. and J.M.R., RD12/0036/0034 to
F.X.R., RD12/0036/0016 to M.S., RD12/0036/0012 to H.G.P., RD06/0020/0003,
PS09/00562 and PI13/00703 to J.M.R.); Comunidad de Madrid (S2010/BMD-2344
Colomics2 to A.M.); Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española contra el Cáncer
(to J.M.R.); U.S. Department of Defense (CA093471 and CA110602 to E.H.); National
Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (1R01CA155234-01 to E.H.); National
Institutes of Health/National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin
Diseases (1R21AR062239-01 to E.H.); and the Melanoma Research Alliance (to E. H.)
Biodiversity monitoring in Europe: User and policy needs
To achieve the goals of the 2030 Global Biodiversity Framework, the European Biodiversity Strategy, and the EU Green Deal, biodiversity monitoring is critical. Monitoring efforts in Europe, however, suffer from gaps and biases in taxonomy, spatial coverage, and temporal resolution, resulting in fragmented and disconnected data. To assess user and policy needs in biodiversity monitoring, we employed a four-step user-centered stakeholder engagement process with over 300 stakeholders including a public stakeholder workshop, online survey, interviews, and a meeting with experts from 18 EU member states, the European Commission, and the European Environment Agency. The stakeholders identified policy needs, current challenges, and potential solutions. Based on the policy and stakeholder assessment, we recommend establishing a European Biodiversity Observation Coordinating Centre to optimize existing observation efforts, harmonize data, and enhance our ability to predict and respond to key challenges related to biodiversity loss in Europe
Coping with poachers in European stalked barnacle fisheries: Insights from a stakeholder workshop.
In January 2020, a stakeholder workshop was organized as a knowledge sharing strategy among European stalked barnacle fisheries. Management of this fishery differs greatly among regions and ranges from less organized and governed at large scales (>100 km, coasts of SW Portugal and Brittany in France) to highly participatory systems which are co-managed at small spatial scales (10′s km and less, Galicia and Asturias). Discussions revealed that poaching is ubiquitous, hard to eradicate, and adapts to all types of management. The stakeholders identified some key management initiatives in the fight against poaching: granting professional harvesters with exclusive access to the resource, increasing social capital among harvesters through tenure systems (e.g. Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries) that empower them as stewards of their resource and intensi- fication of surveillance with the active participation of the harvesters. Furthermore, increased cooperation be- tween fishers associations and regional fisheries authorities, improved legal frameworks, adoption of new technologies and the implementation of market-based solutions can also help coping with this systemic problem
Data Descriptor : A European Multi Lake Survey dataset of environmental variables, phytoplankton pigments and cyanotoxins
Under ongoing climate change and increasing anthropogenic activity, which continuously challenge ecosystem resilience, an in-depth understanding of ecological processes is urgently needed. Lakes, as providers of numerous ecosystem services, face multiple stressors that threaten their functioning. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a persistent problem resulting from nutrient pollution and climate-change induced stressors, like poor transparency, increased water temperature and enhanced stratification. Consistency in data collection and analysis methods is necessary to achieve fully comparable datasets and for statistical validity, avoiding issues linked to disparate data sources. The European Multi Lake Survey (EMLS) in summer 2015 was an initiative among scientists from 27 countries to collect and analyse lake physical, chemical and biological variables in a fully standardized manner. This database includes in-situ lake variables along with nutrient, pigment and cyanotoxin data of 369 lakes in Europe, which were centrally analysed in dedicated laboratories. Publishing the EMLS methods and dataset might inspire similar initiatives to study across large geographic areas that will contribute to better understanding lake responses in a changing environment.Peer reviewe
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