Territorialización del miedo e inseguridad en el distrito de Ayacucho

The objective of this work is to identify the actors that produce fear and insecurity in the Ayacucho district, through the experiences, experiences of people and social organizations differentiated by their roles, gender and generational aspects, which broadens and It makes the discourses and narratives on the subject more complex, since in everyday life each subject simultaneously behaves with different links and belongings, such as an inhabitant, a parent, a student, a housewife, a worker, an official and a merchant.El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar a los actores productores del miedo y la inseguridad en el distrito de Ayacucho, a través de las propias experiencias, vivencias de las personas y organizaciones sociales diferenciadas por sus roles, género y aspectos generacionales, lo que amplia y complejiza los discursos y narrativas sobre el tema, ya que en la cotidianidad cada sujeto comporta simultáneamente diversos vínculos y pertenencias, como habitante, padre de familia, estudiante, ama de casa, trabajador, funcionario y comerciante. Por ello, en términos metódicos, la selección de los informantes estuvo basado en la identificación de personas residentes de esta ciudad

VIOLENCIA VERBAL EN EL ESPACIO DOMÉSTICO Y LENGUAJES DEL BULLYING EN ESTUDIANTES DE UNA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA PÚBLICA DEL DISTRITO DE AYACUCHO

The purpose of the work is to study the most frequent violent verbal expressions used by the students of the third grade of Secondary Education of the Mariscal Cáceres Emblematic Educational Institution, of Ayacucho, when addressing a study partner; in the same way, the aggressive phrases most used by parents in the domestic sphere. For the collection of empirical information, a survey form has been applied, where students of both sexes were asked to identify the violent languages with which they insult each other, as well as to register aggressive words expressed by their parents in situations of family violence at home. Indeed, violent languages, habitually used by students and parents, produce and reinforce social and cultural stigmas in the region and are mostly related to intellectual, physical, racial, sexual, and gender conditions.El propósito del trabajo es estudiar las expresiones verbales violentas más frecuentes empleadas por los estudiantes del tercer grado de Educación Secundaria de la Institución Educativa Emblemática Mariscal Cáceres, de Ayacucho, al dirigirse a un compañero de estudio; del mismo modo, las frases agresivas más usadas por los padres de familia en el ámbito doméstico. Para el acopio de información empírica, se ha aplicado una ficha de encuesta, donde se solicitó a los estudiantes de ambos sexos identificar los lenguajes violentos con que se insultan, así como registrar palabras agresivas que expresan sus padres en situación de violencia familiar en el hogar. En efecto, los lenguajes violentos, habitualmente empleados por los estudiantes y los padres de familia, producen y refuerzan los estigmas sociales y culturales de la región y están relacionados, en su mayoría, a la condición intelectual, física, racial, sexual y al género

Semana santa: Adoctrinamiento, ritualidad y memoria en Huamanga, 1700-1990

El artículo pretende estudiar la historia y el significado de la Semana Santa, en relación con determinadas coyunturas o circunstancias que marcaron su trasformación estructural. En tal sentido, propone que la Semana Santa ayacuchana es un ritual de origen colonial, que apareció en el siglo XVI con fines de adoctrinamiento de la población indígena, pero transformó su estructura en dos coyunturas claves: primero, a mediados del siglo XIX con el boom del guano y finalmente, entre 1900 y 1935, con las reformas ortodoxas del Obispo local Fidel Olivas Escudero. &nbsp

Evaluación de tres abonos orgánicos en el cultivo de café (Coffea arabica L.) en etapa de vivero

The research was carried out in Villaflores, Chiapas, Mexico, which is located between parallels 16° 15 ‘14’ ‘North latitude and the meridian 93º 15’ 22 ‘’ of West longitude, with an altitude of 557 meters above sea level and has a warm humid climate. The objective of this research was to assess the response of coffee plants in nursery stage, managed under an organic approach, by using three organic fertilizers (compost, bocashi and vermicomposting) employed at different proportions (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The experimental design was a completely randomized with an array of bifactorial treatments with 13 treatments and three repetitions, making a total of 39 experimental units, each of which was of 30 seedlings settled up in nursery bags of 13*20 cm. The results display that compost and bocashi showed the best benefits in the production of coffee plants in the nursery stage, under proportions of 25% and 50%. For the number of coffee leaves the proportion that accumulated the most was 50% of compost; this same proportion obtained the highest dry weight and green weight on root, stem and leaves, so it is considered as one of the most appropriate treatments for the production of coffee seedlings at the nursery stage.La investigación se realizó en Villaflores, Chiapas, México, localizado entre los paralelos 16º 15’ 14’’ de latitud Norte y en el meridiano 93º 15’ 22’’ de longitud Oeste, con una altitud de 557 msnm y clima cálido subhúmedo. El objetivo fue evaluar la respuesta de las plantas de café en etapa de vivero, manejadas bajo el enfoque ecológico, a la utilización de tres abonos orgánicos (composta, bocashi y vermiabono) empleados bajo diferentes proporciones (25%, 50%, 75% y 100%). El diseño experimental utilizado fue completamente al azar con el arreglo de tratamientos bifactorial con 13 tratamientos y tres repeticiones, haciendo un total de 39 unidades experimentales, cada unidad experimental constó de 30 plántulas establecidas en bolsa de vivero de 13*20 cm. Los resultados indican que los abonos orgánicos composta y bocashi mostraron los mejores beneficios en la producción de plantas de café en la etapa de vivero, sobresaliendo las proporciones de 25% y 50%. Para el número de hojas la proporción que acumuló la mayor cantidad fue 50% de composta; para esta misma proporción se cuantificó el mayor peso seco y verde de raíz, tallo y hojas, por lo que se considera como uno de los tratamientos más pertinentes para la producción de plántulas de café en la etapa de vivero

Co-infections and superinfections complicating COVID-19 in cancer patients: A multicentre, international study

Background: We aimed to describe the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of co-infections and superinfections in onco-hematological patients with COVID-19. Methods: International, multicentre cohort study of cancer patients with COVID-19. All patients were included in the analysis of co-infections at diagnosis, while only patients admitted at least 48 h were included in the analysis of superinfections. Results: 684 patients were included (384 with solid tumors and 300 with hematological malignancies). Co-infections and superinfections were documented in 7.8% (54/684) and 19.1% (113/590) of patients, respectively. Lower respiratory tract infections were the most frequent infectious complications, most often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Only seven patients developed opportunistic infections. Compared to patients without infectious complications, those with infections had worse outcomes, with high rates of acute respiratory distress syndrome, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and case-fatality rates. Neutropenia, ICU admission and high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were independent risk factors for infections. Conclusions: Infectious complications in cancer patients with COVID-19 were lower than expected, affecting mainly neutropenic patients with high levels of CRP and/or ICU admission. The rate of opportunistic infections was unexpectedly low. The use of empiric antimicrobials in cancer patients with COVID-19 needs to be optimized

HLA-B*08 identified as the most associated MHC locus for anti-carbamylated protein antibody-positive/anti-CCP-negative rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: Previously, only the HLA-DRB1 alleles have been assessed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the present study was to identify the key major histocompatibility complex (MHC) susceptibility factors showing a significant association with anti-carbamylated protein antibody-positive (anti-CarP+) RA. Methods: Analyses were restricted to RA patients who were anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody negative (anti-CCP-), because the anti-CCP status dominated the results otherwise. Therefore, we studied samples from 1,821 anti-CCP- RA patients and 6,821 population controls from Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands. The genotypes for ~8,000 MHC biallelic variants were assessed by dense genotyping and imputation. Their association with the anti-CarP status in RA patients was tested with logistic regression and combined with inverse-variance meta-analysis. Significance of the associations was assessed according to a study-specific threshold of P < 2.0 × 10-5 . Results: The HLA-B*08 allele and its correlated amino acid variant Asp-9 showed a significant association with anti-CarP+/anti-CCP- RA (P < 3.78 × 10-7 ; I2 = 0). This association was specific when assessed relative to 3 comparator groups: population controls, anti-CarP-/anti-CCP- RA patients, and anti-CCP- RA patients who were positive for other anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. Based on these findings, anti-CarP+/anti-CCP- RA patients could be separated from other antibody-defined subsets of RA patients in whom an association with the HLA-B*08 allele has been previously demonstrated. No other MHC variant remained associated with anti-CarP+/anti-CCP- RA after accounting for the presence of the HLA-B*08 allele. Specifically, the reported association of HLA-DRB1*03 was observed at a level comparable to that reported previously, but it was attributable to linkage disequilibrium. Conclusion: These results identify HLA-B*08 carrying Asp-9 as the MHC locus showing the strongest association with anti-CarP+/anti-CCP- RA. This knowledge may help clarify the role of the HLA in susceptibility to specific subsets of RA, by shaping the spectrum of RA autoantibodies. © 2020, American College of Rheumatology

Influence of coronary artery disease and subclinical atherosclerosis related polymorphisms on the risk of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis

A genetic component influences the development of atherosclerosis in the general population and also in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, genetic polymorphisms associated with atherosclerosis in the general population are not always involved in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in RA. Accordingly, a study in North-American RA patients did not show the association reported in the general population of coronary artery disease with a series of relevant polymorphisms (TCF21, LPA, HHIPL1, RASD1-PEMT, MRPS6, CYP17A1-CNNM2-NT5C2, SMG6-SRR, PHACTR1, WDR12 and COL4A1-COL4A2). In the present study, we assessed the potential association of these polymorphisms with CVD in Southern European RA patients. We also assessed if polymorphisms implicated in the increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in non-rheumatic Caucasians (ZHX2, PINX1, SLC17A4, LRIG1 and LDLR) may influence the risk for CVD in RA. 2,609 Spanish patients were genotyped by TaqMan assays. Subclinical atherosclerosis was determined in 1,258 of them by carotid ultrasonography (assessment of carotid intima media thickness and presence/absence of carotid plaques). No statistically significant differences were found when each polymorphism was assessed according to the presence/absence of cardiovascular events and subclinical atherosclerosis, after adjustment for potential confounder factors. Our results do not show an association between these 15 polymorphisms and atherosclerosis in RA

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes