Der Zug der Zehntausend nach Trapezunt

Die folgenden Ausführungen befassen sich mit der in zahlreichen Veröffentlichungen behandelten, aber bisher keineswegs gelösten Frage des Weges, den die Zehntausend Griechen unter Xenophon in den Jahren 401 bis 400 v. Chr. über das Pontische Randgebirge nach Trapezunt genommen haben. Anlaß zu den folgenden Studien gaben einige Reisen, die ich während der Jahre 1935 bis 1938 durch das in Frage kommende Gebiet machen konnte. Ich habe mich bemüht, die einschlägige Literatur möglichst vollständig zu berücksichtigen und im einzelnen die Gründe und Überlegungen darzulegen, die mich auf Grund der gemachten Beobachtungen und eigener Kenntnis des Weges von Trapezunt nach Erzerum zu einer von den üblichen Anschauungen mehr oder minder abweichenden Auffassung über den Zeitpunkt des Marsches der Griechen, über die Lage des Berges Theches und über den von den Griechen eingeschlagenen Weg nach Trapezunt geführt haben.During 1934-1938 the author travelled several times through the northeastern part of Asia Minor and acquired good knowledge of the nature and of the road conditions of this country. His own observations and his careful studies of the literature concerned encourage him to define his own attitude regarding the statements of Xenophon and the conclusions drawn therefrom about the track of the Ten Thousand Greeks who passed this region more than 2300 years ago. The author being naturalist, first of all looked for botanical, climatological, and geographical proofs as to his considerations and inferences. Thus he came to quite new knowledge regarding the point of time and other details of the track of the Greeks to Trapezunt. The idea that the Greeks arrived at Trapezunt in winter 401/400 B.C., moreover the idea of a wintertrack through Armenia must be given up. Though at this moment it is not possible definitely to fix the Theches, the mountain from which the Greeks first caught sight of the sea, the number of places in question could be diminished considerably. Besides we are able to state with great probability the marching route to Trapezunt used by the Greeks

Universal-Lexikon der Tonkunst

UNIVERSAL-LEXIKON DER TONKUNST Universal-Lexikon der Tonkunst ( - ) Einband ( - ) Schmutztitel ([1]) Frontispiz ([2]) Titelseite ([3]) Einführung ([I]) A. ([1]) B. (81) C. (171) D. (221) E. (257) F. (275) G. (320) H. (392) I. (449) K. (470) L. (520) M. (575) N. (636) O. (658) P. (670) Q. (701) R. (707) S. (741) T. (812) U. (850) V. (857) W. (876) X. (906) Y. (906) Z. (906

Therapeutic vaccines for cancer: an overview of clinical trials

Item does not contain fulltextThe therapeutic potential of host-specific and tumour-specific immune responses is well recognized and, after many years, active immunotherapies directed at inducing or augmenting these responses are entering clinical practice. Antitumour immunization is a complex, multi-component task, and the optimal combinations of antigens, adjuvants, delivery vehicles and routes of administration are not yet identified. Active immunotherapy must also address the immunosuppressive and tolerogenic mechanisms deployed by tumours. This Review provides an overview of new results from clinical studies of therapeutic cancer vaccines directed against tumour-associated antigens and discusses their implications for the use of active immunotherapy