Degradation of Selenocyanate with an Advanced Reduction Process(ARP)

Selenocyanate (SeCN^(-)) is a common form of selenium contamination in refinery and mining wastewater generated from processing oil or minerals from seleniferous formations such as marine shales. Humans who drink water containing selenium over several years may experience hair or fingernail losses and numbness in fingers or toes. Recently, advanced reduction processes (ARP) that combine chemical reductants with activating methods has been studied to decompose contaminants that have the potential to be chemically reduced. This paper focus on the application of ARP to selenium removal from wastewater containing selenocyanate. The ARP in this study consists of ferrous iron (chemical reductant) and UV light (activating method). During this research, control experiments were conducted to see the individual reactions of selenocyanate alone, selenocyanate with ferrous iron, and selenocyanate with UV light. Also, the effect of pH and UV light irradiance were studied. The results show that the ferrous iron alone cannot improve selenocyanate removal. However, UV light is able to degrade selenocyanate, and the reaction rate increases as pH decreases. The ARP in this system (ferrous iron and UV) cannot improve the reaction rate from that of only UV light, but the addition of ferrous iron did decrease the final concentration of selenium at high pH

The oyster genome reveals stress adaptation and complexity of shell formation

The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas belongs to one of the most species-rich but genomically poorly explored phyla, the Mollusca. Here we report the sequencing and assembly of the oyster genome using short reads and a fosmid-pooling strategy, along with transcriptomes of development and stress response and the proteome of the shell. The oyster genome is highly polymorphic and rich in repetitive sequences, with some transposable elements still actively shaping variation. Transcriptome studies reveal an extensive set of genes responding to environmental stress. The expansion of genes coding for heat shock protein 70 and inhibitors of apoptosis is probably central to the oyster's adaptation to sessile life in the highly stressful intertidal zone. Our analyses also show that shell formation in molluscs is more complex than currently understood and involves extensive participation of cells and their exosomes. The oyster genome sequence fills a void in our understanding of the Lophotrochozoa. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia

Measurement of associated W plus charm production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Peer reviewe

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Single Well Completion and Management Strategies for Enhanced Recovery of Tight Oil Using Miscible Gas Injection

Tight oil production relies on the multiple transverse fracture horizontal well completion design with 50 or more parallel propped hydraulic fractures distributed along a long horizontal well. Less than 10% primary oil recovery from these wells creates a strong incentive for enhancing recovery from tight oil reservoirs in the US. Attempts at well to well displacement using water and gas as injection fluid failed in tight oil largely due to short-circuits along fractures connecting adjacent injection and production wells. As an alternative, operators have tried alternating miscible gas injection with production in a single well mimicking the huff-and-puff (HAP) technique that originated with steam injection in heavy oil wells. HAP field tests in the Eagle Ford play have shown limited success. To improve the production performance of HAP, this research focused completion designs enabling displacements between alternating injection and production fractures in a single well. The single well configurations used in this study designate alternating fractures along the horizontal well as either injection or production. Two strategies are studied. The first strategy considers a continuous injection and production process in a single-well alternating simultaneous injection and production (SWASIP) configuration. The second strategy alternates injection and production as a single-well alternating production (SWAP) configuration. We use miscible carbon dioxide as the injection fluid. We use the GEM compositional simulator developed by Computer Modelling Group to model SWASIP and SWAP performance in a heterogeneous reservoir. We described the downhole completion components including monitoring and control devices required for managing many simultaneous displacements in the single well. SWASIP well management requires action in the event of a displacement short circuit, such as a cement leak. In contrast, the SWAP well configuration is more robust and will not suffer significant productivity or performance loss in the event of a displacement short circuit. Both SWASIP and SWAP significantly enhance oil recovery over HAP. SWAP recovery requires a longer time than SWASIP. However, SWASIP requires additional completion equipment for the well management that renders SWAP likely to be the more cost effective choice.Petroleum Engineering, Department o