The Role of Social Media Companies in the Regulation of Online Hate Speech

This article is about online hate speech propagated via platforms operated by social media companies (SMCs). It examines the options open to states in forcing SMCs to take responsibility for the hateful content that appears on their sites.  It examines the technological and legal context for imposing legal obligations on SMCs, and analyses initiatives in Germany, the UK, the EU and elsewhere.  It argues that whilst SMCs can play a role in controlling online hate speech, there are limitations to what they can achieve

‘All Museums Will Become Department Stores’: The Development and Implications of Retailing at Museums and Heritage Sites

Museums and heritage sites have provided merchandise for visitors to purchase since their earliest incarnations as public attractions in the 18th century. Despite this longevity scant academic research has been directed towards such activities. However, retailing - formalised in the emergence of the museum shop - offers insights into a range of issues, from cultural representation and education, to economic sustainability. This paper outlines the historical development of retailing at museums and heritage sites in the UK, before offering a summary of current issues, illustrated by a case study of contemporary retailing at Whitby Abbey. The paper demonstrates how commercial spaces have made, and continue to make, important contributions to visitors' cultural experiences and aims to frame this topic as a legitimate field of academic enquiry